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Systems supporting argumentation exist for a long time and have appeared with many different forms, ranging from online forums, to mind maps and decision support systems. These systems are used daily by teams that collaborate in data intensive and cognitive complex settings, such as teams involved in DNA analysis and social media research. However, current argumentation support systems do not offer the required functionalities for the meaningful analysis and aggregation of the associated complex data, thus not properly serving requirements related to gaining of insights and decision making. Aiming to address these issues, this paper presents an approach that integrates argumentation support services with data mining and natural language processing services to augment collaboration and decision making in the above teams. The proposed approach builds on well-tried principles of hypertext systems and adopts a service-oriented architecture to enable the contextualization of the foreseen services, as well as their execution and integration of their results in the argumentative discourse, hence facilitating its monitoring and understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In 2022, suicide ranked as the 11th leading cause of death in the United States with 49,513 deaths. Provisional mortality data from 2022 indicate a 2.8% increase in the number of suicides compared to 2021. This paper examines overall suicide trends, sodium nitrite ingestion as an emerging suicide method, and the role that online forums play in sharing information about suicide methods (including sodium nitrite ingestion). Methods: Suicides were identified from CDC's National Vital Statistics System (2018-July 2023 provisional) multiple cause-of-death mortality files using International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Tenth Revision underlying cause-of-death codes U03, X60–X84, and Y87.0 and T code T50.6 (antidotes and chelating agents). Google search popularity metrics were captured from January 2019 to January 2023. Case reports of sodium nitrite related suicide and suicide attempts (through February 2024) were identified in the medical and forensic literature. Results: At least 768 suicides involving antidotes and chelating agents (including sodium nitrite) occurred between 2018 and July 2023, set in the context of 268,972 total suicides during that period. Overall, suicides involving antidotes and chelating agents (including sodium nitrite) represent <1% of all suicides, however, numbers are rising. Conclusions: Suicide methods are known to change over time. These changes can be influenced by, among other factors, online forums and means accessibility, such as internet purchase availability. CDC remains committed to prevention through comprehensive public health strategies that protect individuals, families, and communities. Practical Applications: States and community partners might consider leveraging physicians, emergency responders, and other appropriate crisis response groups to disseminate information on sodium nitrite self-poisoning and its antidote, methylene blue. Efforts should be part of a comprehensive public health approach to suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on culturally diverse university students' online (dis)agreement with affective expressions in English as a lingua franca (ELF). A private intercultural group on the social media site Facebook was used for the online discussions. This study analyzed online participants' comments on controversial sociopolitical issues about the TikTok ban and the Mulan boycott. Through content analyses of online responsive discourse, a range of discursive strategies used by the participants to express (dis)agreement were identified. The participants tended to give contingent (dis)agreements with mitigating expressions and supporting grounds, and the moderators frequently used reported speech, gave opposite opinions, and questioned the claims for alternative positionings. Discourse-pragmatic analyses of emoji-mediated communication also revealed creative and diverse uses of emojis and other nonverbal interactional resources in the coconstruction of humorous discourse and transformation between positive and negative affect stances. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of ELF users' pragmatic and emotive capability to participate in the online social argumentative practice of affective stance-taking. • This study explored culturally diverse university students' online (dis)agreement with affective expressions. • The participants' Facebook discussions related to controversial sociopolitical issues were analyzed. • A range of (dis)agreement and discursive strategies with emojis were identified. • Discourse-pragmatic analyses presented creative co-construction of social argumentative practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To qualitatively analyze the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of women regarding genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and vaginal estrogen therapy as expressed on Reddit, a public, anonymous internet forum for discussion and information sharing. "r/menopause," a Subreddit with >30,000 subscribers, was queried for "vaginal estrogen" to collect postings related to vaginal estrogen in October 2022. Posts were analyzed qualitatively by 2 independent researchers. The principles of grounded theory were applied, and preliminary themes were generated. These themes were used to derive emergent concepts. Sixty-seven unique posts with 1101 responses were analyzed. Qualitative analysis revealed 5 preliminary themes: (1) questions regarding medication usage, (2) medication side effects, (3) medication alternatives, (4) frustration with the medical system, and (5) seeking validation for symptoms and experiences. Three emergent concepts were derived: (1) women experience bothersome side effects from menopause, and they desire compassionate and effective medical treatment; (2) women are engaged and active participants in their health and health care decisions; and (3) women perceive that their concerns are not taken seriously and seek validation for their medical conditions. Peri- and post-menopausal women have many questions and concerns about the condition of GSM and vaginal estrogen as treatment. They also have a broad range of frustrations including access to health care and questions about the usage of vaginal estrogen. By better understanding patient perspectives, physicians can better meet women's needs and improve care for GSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crowdsourcing resource used by patients with spinal disease has yet to be thoroughly investigated: the Internet. One such platform is Reddit, a virtual, anonymous meeting place. Analyzing how patients use spinal condition "subreddits" may enable a greater understanding of the questions that patients do not ask their doctors. Up to 50 posts in each subreddit's "hot" tab were retroactively screened from June 1, 2022. Posts written by those who had the condition or those interested in knowing more were included. Redditors self-identifying as younger than 18 years were excluded. Posts were subcategorized into questions related to social advice, health advice, providing health education or suggesting equipment, detailing their personal experience, or researchers recruiting patients for research. Eight subreddits with 398 posts were identified related to spinal conditions, including scoliosis, herniated disks, spondylolisthesis, kyphosis, spina bifida, and degenerative disk disease, and 2 subreddits for spinal cord injury. Most patients sought out health advice (59.8%), specifically related to questions regarding their treatments (33.6%), followed by social advice (14.1%) relating to activities in their daily lives. Six posts from the spinal cord injury subreddits discussed the inability to achieve or maintain an erection. Patients with spinal conditions congregate on Reddit. Analysis of subreddits allows for a more robust fund of knowledge, granting providers an opportunity to address the main health concerns of patients and caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has irreversibly impacted global interpersonal connectivity. This study aims to understand how information discussed in condition-specific communities, called "subreddits," on the major social media platform Reddit, can improve education by medical providers. The top 50 Reddit posts in each subreddit's "hot" tab were retroactively screened from June 1, 2022. Posts written by those 18 and older who had the condition or were engaging in a better understanding of the condition were included in the analysis. In addition, posts were placed in 1 of 6 categories based on the redditors' primary questions: social advice, health advice, providing health education or suggesting equipment, personal experience/progress, researchers recruiting patients for research, or others. We identified 605 posts within 15 subreddits related to cranial neurosurgical topics including epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumors/cancer, seizures, hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, Chiari malformations, aneurysms, pineal cysts, ataxia, and moyamoya. Asking for health advice was the most common form of information seeking across subreddits (53.6%), specifically treatment-related questions (41.0%). Redditors from r/epilepsy and r/seizures constituted 84.6% of nonsurgical treatment questions relating to antiepileptic dosing or side effects. Cranial neurosurgical disease can overwhelm patients, leaving them with unaddressed questions. Reddit provides anonymity and camaraderie within condition-specific communities not found at the doctor's office. The ease of access to an Internet community may encourage redditors to seek health information online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linguistic experience varies across individuals and is impacted by both demography and personal preferences, leading to differences in word meanings across languages (Thompson et al., 2020) and people (Johns, 2022). An active area of study in the cognitive sciences that examines the impact of varied knowledge across individuals is the wisdom of the crowd effect, where it is found that the aggregate judgement of a group of individuals is often better than the judgement of the best individual in the group (Surowiecki, 2004). The goal of this article was to determine if there is a wisdom of the crowd effect in lexical semantic memory, such that the aggregated word similarity values from many individual language users exceeds the fit of the best fitting individual. This was accomplished by training 500 different distributional models from 500 high-level commenters on the internet forum Reddit. By deriving aggregated word similarity values from these individuals, a strong wisdom of the crowd effect was found where the aggregated similarity values far exceeded the performance of the best fitting individual for each dataset tested. Additionally, it was found that even aggregating only a small number of users provided a large increase in fit relative to the individual corpora, but with the best fitting measure including word similarity values from all possible users. The results of this article provide an avenue for future distributional model development by demonstrating that the best pathway towards better distributional models may lie in the aggregation of multiple representations attained from individual users of a language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inception and rapid growth of the Web, social media, and other online forums have resulted in the continuous and rapid generation of opinionated textual data. Several real-world applications have been focusing on determining the sentiments expressed in these data. Owing to the multilinguistic nature of the generated data, there exists an increasing need to perform sentiment analysis on data in diverse languages. This study presents an overview of the methods used to perform sentiment analysis across languages. We primarily focus on multilingual and cross-lingual approaches. This survey covers the early approaches and current advancements that employ machine learning and deep learning models. We categorize these methods and techniques and provide new research directions. Our findings reveal that deep learning techniques have been widely used in both approaches and yield the best results. Additionally, the scarcity of multilingual annotated datasets limits the progress of multilingual and cross-lingual sentiment analyses, and therefore increases the complexity in comparing these techniques and determining the ones with the best performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the onset of COVID-19, the benefits of online platforms to enhance rural service accessibility are more acknowledged. However, questions remain about the interconnected roles of geographical community and online digital communities in enhancing rural life – particularly for marginalised groups. In this study, we examine one Australian non-profit's online peer support forums as technology enabling transformed community experiences for rural people with mental health conditions. Interviews exploring forum use were conducted with 20 rural forum users in 2021. We found technology affordances were appropriated to target rural service and social interaction gaps, giving people resources used online, and also enabling coping in their geographical community. The study illustrates the benefits of understanding what rural people do with different technologies that can illuminate how apparently "one-size-fits-all" technologies can be appropriated to fill certain rural structural holes in social and service systems. • Digital technologies can target key health service and social interaction gaps. • Online mental health forums can support rural people to cope in their communities. • Such technologies can be used by rural people to address gaps and problems. • Online forums may be efficacious but cannot replace offline clinical treatment. • Technologies should be integrated into rural health service system design processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overuse of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities has become an issue in the field of emergency medicine. The health care system of Japan aims to provide the most appropriate quality and quantity of care at the right price, while focusing on patient value. The Choosing Wisely® campaign was launched in Japan and other countries. In this article, recommendations were discussed to improve the field of emergency medicine based on the state of the Japanese health care system. The modified Delphi method, a consensus-building method, was used in this study. The final recommendations were developed by a working group of 20 medical professionals, students, and patients, consisting of members of the emergency physician electronic mailing list. From the 80 candidates recommended and excessive actions gathered, nine recommendations were formulated after two Delphi rounds. The recommendations included the suppression of excessive behavior and the implementation of appropriate medical treatment, like rapid pain relief and the application of ultrasonography during central venous catheter placement. This study formulated recommendations to improve the field of Japanese emergency medicine, based on the feedback of patients and health care professionals. The nine recommendations will be helpful for all people involved in emergency care in Japan because they have the potential to prevent the overuse of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, while maintaining the appropriate quality of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of information technology, malware has grown exponentially to become the main threat to network security. Malware generally refers to all malicious program codes, which can cause information leakage or resource abuse of the target system, devastate the integrity and availability of the system, and violate the security policy of the target system. During this technology revolution, outstanding new things transpire from time to time, leading to the development of broad, diverse data. Thereupon the happening of eminent things in the technology, the invaders increasingly penetrated in designing and development of dangerous new data often referred to as malware. In view of uncovering of these vulnerable invaders, a deepen detection mechanisms and discussion forums are to be evolved with advanced anti malware penetration inventions in the data world. The on-going ways take superfluous cycles and computational resources. This paper depicts the concealment of matching malevolent inside insignificant processing cycles and resources. The progression of on-going way is to endorse the Siamese Networks (SN) to develop the model for calculating and reducing the similarities. The idea of resemblance of malevolent visuals is incorporated as it address the code designed in the two fold malevolent source and cipher record architecture and impression generated from the data processing file. Exploration on exemplary data files using high-end computational resources in research COLAB with numerous python libraries torch vision. For terrific outcomes, the template is formed with different learning rates and range values. The seeking advise that making use of SN to know similitude of malware aids in the advancement of more precise designs even when are actually less samples per training class as well as unequal training class dissemination. The made a proposal design goes beyond top-level methods through obtaining 99.67 per-cent precision along with a learning of 0.0005 as well as a scope of 1.0. • During this technology revolution, outstanding new things transpire from time to time, leading to the development of broad, diverse data. • This research depicts the concealment of matching malevolent inside insignificant processing cycles and resources. • The progression of on-going way is to endorse the Siamese Networks (SN) to develop the model for calculating and reducing the similarities. • Within this particular research malware spotting through resemblance method utilizing Siamese neural systems is actually recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This longitudinal case study offers an empirically grounded conceptualization of teachers' reflection-for-action (RFA), that is, proactive or anticipatory reflection which occurs before action. Data were collected from five in-service EFL teachers in Türkiye via teachers' online discussions, critical event narratives, interviews, and researchers' journals. Findings indicated that RFA is an individual, collaborative and a collective practice, influenced by teacher beliefs and autonomy. RFA appears to be facilitated through a triadic cycle of stimulus, evaluation, and action, allowing teachers to identify their strengths and weaknesses and develop strategies to challenge prescribed institutional practices with more creative, innovative, and out-of-the-box teaching methods. • This longitudinal study explored reflection-for-action with in-service EFL teachers. • Data included teachers' online discussions, critical events narratives, interviews, and researchers' journals. • Findings showed RFA as an individual and a collective practice. • RFA is an embedded process involving stimulus - evaluation - and - action cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, e-commerce platforms have gained significant attention in the media. As the number of customers using these platforms continues to grow, they face challenges such as limited support, making it increasingly difficult for customers to find answers to their inquiries, leading to a high attrition rate. This study aims to address the issue of unanswered customer queries in online product discussion forums by leveraging a combination of SNA and deep learning techniques. The primary objective is to reduce the attrition rate by enhancing customer support through peer-to-peer interactions. Initially, we analyze the customer interaction network and thread structures using SNA to identify isolated inquiries. Following this, we apply a deep learning-based model to calculate a similarity score between these queries, which serves as the foundation for our semantic similarity approach to product discussion questions. The results of our experiment, conducted on a Moroccan e-commerce platform, demonstrate the efficacy of our recommendation method in connecting customers with relevant answers and fellow customers who can assist them. The proposed deep learning model provided an accuracy of 0.8529 and a mean squared error of 0.1168. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Parents are the primary decision makers for their children's vaccination, yet, we have limited knowledge on what influences their decision making related to COVID-19 vaccination. The study aimed to understand these different considerations that shape the decisions of parents of children aged 5–11 years old. Methods : We conducted a qualitative study that included online focus group discussions (FGDs) with parents of children aged 5–11 years old. Data was collected between July 26th, 2022, and February 15th, 2023. A total of eight FGDs were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted, and peer debriefing was used to ensure methodological rigor. Results : Findings revealed that parents of vaccinated and unvaccinated children employed language of risk-benefit analysis to inform their decision-making. Parents of vaccinated children highlighted concerns about spreading COVID-19, family member's health, and long COVID-19. For parents of unvaccinated children, they perceived potential vaccine side effects as more harmful than the risks associated with COVID-19. Participants contended that there was a lack of transparency from the government and public health agencies, highlighting inconsistent messaging which had fractured their trust in COVID-19-related recommendations and mandates. Conclusions : Our results indicate that improved transparency on how evidence is developed and why recommendations and mandates shift during the pandemic would foster trust in the government and public health agencies. Open communication with health providers on the potential risks and benefits would also improve caregivers confidence in the vaccine. • Parents undertook a risk-benefit analysis when deciding to vaccinate their child • Cultivating trust requires transparency on the impact of new scientific evidence • Parents desire open and individualized vaccination guidance from health providers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Corpus of 105k posts on child and TBE vaccination in parental online forum. • Discourse analytical approach with topic modeling, collocation and content analysis. • Parents enter multidimensional decision-making process, topics of interest are: • Safety, development & control, effectiveness, epidemiology, necessity, alternatives. • Need for balanced and tailored information provided by public health authorities. This study aimed to understand parental discourse about vaccination, and to provide guidance for communication that addresses the needs of parents. We analyzed parental discourse on child vaccination in general and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) specifically in a Swiss parental online community. For this purpose, a data set containing 105k posts written by parents between 2007 and 2019 was analyzed using a combination of linguistic discourse analysis and qualitative content analysis. Results show that parents enter into a multidimensional decision-making process, characterized by elaborate practices of negotiation, consideration of vaccination recommendations as well as six distinct influencing thematic factors (vaccination safety, development and control, effectiveness, epidemiology, necessity, alternatives or additional prevention methods). The study shows a clear pattern of seasonality, with parents talking about TBE vaccination mostly triggered by events such as tick bites in spring and summer. From a public health perspective, the study emphasizes the need for sufficient, balanced, and tailored information about TBE vaccination. Online forums provide valuable information about what matters to parents and when, which can help public health authorities and practitioners provide information according to these concerns and enhance health literacy among parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with Nigerians' use of pragmatic markers in their computer-mediated communication. The investigated items originate from various languages but now seem to be used across ethnic boundaries in online interactions that take place in Nigerian Pidgin and Nigerian English. Relying on a large corpus from a Nigerian web forum, the study focuses on a set of common interjections and other textual and interpersonal pragmatic markers and their discourse-pragmatic functions. Their semantic flexibility allows these items to perform different functions depending on the context. I argue that they are vital in indicating emotional involvement and response and in contextualizing (Gumperz, 1982) the forum contributions. Furthermore, the particularities of employing, interpreting, and researching such items in text-based online communication are addressed. This paper contributes to a description of "pragmatic borrowing" (Andersen, 2014) in Nigeria, as well as to the rising field of pragmatics of computer-mediated communication. • Multifunctional Nigerian pragmatic markers have been borrowed into Nigerian English. • Pragmatic markers create coherence and conversationality in digital writing. • Strategic respelling acts as a contextualization cue in digital writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting healthy discourse on community-based online platforms like Reddit can be challenging, especially when conversations show ominous signs of toxicity. Therefore, in this study, we find the turning points (i.e., toxicity triggers) making conversations toxic. Before finding toxicity triggers, we built and evaluated various machine learning models to detect toxicity from Reddit comments. Subsequently, we used our best-performing model, a fine-tuned Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model that achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) score of 0.983 to detect toxicity. Next, we constructed conversation threads and used the toxicity prediction results to build a training set for detecting toxicity triggers. This procedure entailed using our large-scale dataset to refine toxicity triggers' definition and build a trigger detection dataset using 991,806 conversation threads from the top 100 communities on Reddit. Then, we extracted a set of sentiment shift, topical shift, and context-based features from the trigger detection dataset, using them to build a dual embedding biLSTM neural network that achieved an AUC score of 0.789. Our trigger detection dataset analysis showed that specific triggering keywords are common across all communities, like 'racist' and 'women'. In contrast, other triggering keywords are specific to certain communities, like 'overwatch' in r/Games. Implications are that toxicity trigger detection algorithms can leverage generic approaches but must also tailor detections to specific communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning hidden topics from short text streams has become crucial in modern applications such as social networks, instant messages, question and answer forums, etc. Building an effective learning method poses two main challenges: Short and noisy data, as well as the stability-plasticity dilemma. In this paper, we investigate carefully how existing methods face these challenges. From our theoretical and empirical analyses, they often deal well with a challenge but ineffectively handle the other. In particular, they often suffer from catastrophic forgetting, because they impose a constraint on the learned knowledge from only the previous time step in the streaming duration. In this paper, we propose a novel method, namely BSP, which has a regularization term based on second-order Taylor expansion to accumulate information from all former minibatches. Moreover, external knowledge and Dropout technique will be combined at each time step to handle better short and noisy texts as well as enhance the model's plasticity. We empirically evaluate BSP, compared to other state-of-the-art streaming methods in terms of dealing with stability-plasticity dilemma and handling short and noisy texts. The extensive experiments show superior effectiveness of BSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• TANA, A Hindi sarcasm detection model that combines LSTM and hinge loss of SVM. • Use of pre-trained fastText and emoji2vec embeddings for training. • Performance validation using various metrics, accuracy, F1, recall, precision. • Superior performance in comparison to existing works. Sentiment analysis is indeed a difficult task owing to the playful language mannerism, altered vocabulary and speak-text used on online forums. Humans tend to use words and phrases in ways that are incomprehensible to those who are not involved in the discourse. Sarcastic remarks in conversations are often utilized to mock others by saying something that isn't pleasant. Sardonic or humorous statements/ tones are used to insult or make others appear puerile. Automated sarcasm detection is considered as one of the key tasks to tweak sentiment analysis and extending it to a morphologically rich and free-order dominant indigenous Indian language Hindi is another challenge. This research puts forward ' T he A malgam N eural A rchitecture', TANA, to detect sarcasm in Hindi tweets. The architecture is trained using two embeddings, namely word and emoji embeddings and combines an LSTM with the loss function of SVM for sarcasm detection. We use the Sarc-H dataset, which is built by scrapping Hindi language tweets and manually annotating based on the hashtags '▪' (pronounced as kataaksh, which means sarcasm in Hindi) and '▪' (pronounced as vyangya, another word for sarcasm in Hindi) used by the tweeters and the results are evaluated using various classification performance metrics and achieves a F-score of 0.9675 outperforming LSTM using last layer as softmax as well as the existing works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet neologisms provide discursive spaces for grassroots netizens. This study examines a pair of gendered labels gaining popularity in Taiwanese online forums: táinán 'Tai-man' and táinǚ 'Tai-woman'. The quantitative keyword analysis based on a corpus of online data suggests that táinán and táinǚ are pejorative labels. The qualitative discourse analysis of the keywords in context presents gender stereotypes associated with táinán and táinǚ , respectively. Converging evidence for the negative attitudes toward táinán and táinǚ is obtained in a questionnaire survey. The shared morpheme tái inherits localness-related ideologies and interacts with gender ideologies concerning ideal manhood and womanhood, and it has come to index an ideological contrast between favorable foreignness and unfavorable localness. This study contributes to the current literature on Chinese morphological patterns studied in social contexts. Moreover, this study presents evidence that changes in social meanings also follow the dominant trajectories of other semantic changes. • Both táinán and táinǚ are pejorative labels. • Tái is a sociomorpheme. • Tái interacts with gender stereotypes and ideologies. • Tái indexes unfavorable localness. • Change in social meanings follows the dominant paths of semantic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's era, individuals can speak and communicate online anytime and anywhere. The Online Group Opinion (OGO), formed by the online statements of netizens, is regarded as a complex system. OGO is easy to get rapid and unpredictable sudden changes under external stimuli such as social emergencies, which may further lead to online violence, catalyze spread of emergencies, posing significant threats to social organization and cybersecurity. This paper proposes an innovative method to mitigate sudden changes in OGO using Q-learning from Reinforcement Learning and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, aiming to mitigate these sudden changes by controlling the resilience of the OGO. First, an OGO resilience index based on catastrophe theory and resilience theory is established to portray OGO sudden changes phenomena. Next, a resilience control algorithm integrated with Q-learning to optimize particles' parameter update process is proposed, called QLPSOND. QLPSOND is used to control the system's resilience to improve its ability to resist external stimuli, thus mitigating the sudden changes crisis. Through comparisons with other three algorithms on two online forums datasets, our proposed QLPSOND resilience control method demonstrates significant advantages in addressing complex social control issues, with average fitness improvement of 37.59 % and 7.98 %, and best fitness improvement of 31.66 % and 10.28 %, respectively, compared to most competitive state-of-the-art baseline. Additionally, this paper further discusses the practical significance of resilience control strategies and management implications. These efforts can extend the opinion dynamics approaches in online environments and assist enterprises and governments in monitoring and managing online communities. • Focus on mitigating the sudden changes phenomenon in online group opinion. • Use the resilience index to measure the possibility of sudden changes in online group opinion. • The sudden changes in online group opinion is mitigated by controlling the system's resilience. • The resilience control method is proposed by integrating the Q-learning and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. • Apply the resilience control method to online communities to validate its effect and provide managerial implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online forums provide a conduit for anonymous communication within deviant subcultures, such as online paedophiles. This helps to build virtual communities of support. This study explores the experience of paedophiles in the criminal justice system as reported by those who experienced it on such a forum. By analysing and understanding the experiences disclosed by these individuals, we may be able to design more targeted prevention strategies and treatment options. Participants and Setting. Data are from one online forum discussion thread that includes 595 online forum posts by 212 unique usernames ranging over 11 years from 2012 to 2023. This forum claims to be an anonymous "therapeutic community" for paedophiles and does not allow the sharing of media (e.g., videos or images). This study uses an inductive approach to analyse the posts and discover the perspective and concerns of users who have experienced or are faced with prosecution and punishment. Seven main themes emerged from the posts on this thread: support and praise, techniques of neutralisation, life in prison, anxiety and mental health, relationships, therapy, and difficulties post-prison. The forum provided an important source of support among a virtual community of people who shared similar sexual interest in children and feel rejected and demonised by mainstream society. The thread functioned like an "echo chamber" that reinforced a positive view of users' deviant interest. Individuals who had been prosecuted for their offending were returning to the forum, which may encourage reoffending. Parole boards and probation officers may need to consider limiting or restricting access to the Internet, particularly the Tor network, when setting release conditions. Implications for treatment focus on challenging the justifications and excuses used by paedophiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, capable of an unprecedented ability to generate human-like text and converse in real time, hold potential for large-scale deployment in clinical settings such as substance use treatment. Treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) is particularly high stakes, requiring evidence-based clinical treatment, mental health expertise, and peer support. Thus, promises of AI systems addressing deficient healthcare resources and structural bias are relevant within this domain, especially in an anonymous setting. This study explores the effectiveness of generative AI in answering real-world substance use and recovery questions. We collect questions from online recovery forums, use ChatGPT and Meta's LLaMA-2 for responses, and have SUD clinicians rate these AI responses. While clinicians rated the AI-generated responses as high quality, we discovered instances of dangerous disinformation, including disregard for suicidal ideation, incorrect emergency helplines, and endorsement of home detox. Moreover, the AI systems produced inconsistent advice depending on question phrasing. These findings indicate a risky mix of seemingly high-quality, accurate responses upon initial inspection that contain inaccurate and potentially deadly medical advice. Consequently, while generative AI shows promise, its real-world application in sensitive healthcare domains necessitates further safeguards and clinical validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Critical thinking skills can be developed as a civic competence in higher education. • Students used argument distinguishing as a cognitive framework in solving social and political problems. • Feedback served a very useful function in the action research process. This article aims to demonstrate how critical thinking skills can be developed as a citizenship competence in higher education. Critical thinking skills are necessary for citizens to participate in democratic processes effectively and consciously. The participants of this "action research" based study are the researcher who conducts the undergraduate course Contemporary World Issues and 30 preservice social studies teachers taking this course. Action research was conducted through distance education at a university during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected through Zoom lessons, student products, semi-structured interviews, semi-structured focus group interviews, and WhatsApp text conversations. Descriptive and content analyses were conducted using MAXQDA 2020 software. According to the research findings, a curriculum based on distinguishing arguments, writing pedagogy, and online group discussions improved students' critical thinking skills. Students used distinguishing arguments as a cognitive framework for solving social and political problems and thus developed citizenship competence. Throughout the process, feedback was found to be quite functional. The curriculum used in the action research process can be recommended for use in the development of critical thinking skills as a citizenship competency in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various Machine Learning (ML) techniques have seen recent and growing interest in the creation of surrogate neutronics models as a potential way to avoid the computational expenses associated with conventional high-fidelity modeling. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been shown to be particularly useful for single-assembly predictions involving pin-wise power distributions and multiplication factors. In this paper, the LatticeNet neural network framework is investigated as a method to predict Doppler and moderator temperature coefficients for Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) fuel assemblies, as well as differential boron worth. This approach uses the built-in tools developed alongside LatticeNet to construct two fully-connected network architectures capable of predicting k -eigenvalues from two inputs such as fuel enrichment and temperature when trained with data generated with CASMO-4E. A single network taking in all study parameters as inputs was then used to predict k -eigenvalues for fuel temperature, moderator temperature, and boron perturbation cases. The calculated temperature coefficients and differential boron worth values were compared with a bank of reference values to validate the efficacy of this method. Overall, differences in k -eigenvalues were within 0.017% in the worst case. The temperature coefficients saw mean errors of 1.85% and 1.69% for the two-parameter networks, respectively. The all-parameter network was then shown to predict 1100 points in 236 ms compared to the 4.95 min CASMO-4E took to generate them. Additionally, the differential boron worth achieved the lowest mean error of 0.30%; each of these values were within our acceptance criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies and examines pathways in which online mental health forums assist in building personal resilience and address the mental ill-health of rural residents. We use a resilience theory to develop a Theoretical Resilience Framework and apply it to empirical qualitative data deriving from three of Australia's online mental health forums as well as interviews with forum users. Using thematic analysis and an abductive approach to generating new knowledge, we develop a logic model illustrating links between factors influencing personal resilience, factors acting upon resilience, and intermediate and long-term outcomes that online mental health forums have on their users. Our study demonstrates that online forums can provide ongoing and timely services to those in need, and they support the adaptive capacity of individuals to cope with stressors and a variety of challenges they face. Embedded in a rural setting, the paper adds understanding to the role of technology and online forums in addressing geographical isolation. Ultimately, our work helps to develop new sources of knowledge about rural resilience and supporting mental health service provision in rural places. • Online mental health forums contribute to enhanced personal resilience. • Online mental health forums address gaps in rural health and care service provision. • The forums offer ongoing, flexible and instant support, and respond to specific needs in real time. • Online anonymity might be a crucial factor in reaching out for help with mental health in rural locations. • Collective action of forum experts with lived experience counteracts factors that contribute to poor personal resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to face-to-face lectures, where the teacher can respond immediately through conversation alone, the number of questions from students increases in asynchronous distance lectures, since they are sent by email or posted on a forum. In addition, if the information in a student's question is unclear, the teacher is burdened with extra interactions, such as asking the student questions. We propose the question database with an improved user interface that allows students to write their questions using the Moodle module. We analyse the number of questions and answers in asynchronous distance lectures to see if the extra communication between teacher and student could be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To understand individual abortion providers' experiences with targeted harassment.Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of US physicians with history of abortion provision, recruited through online groups, and listservs. Respondents completed a Qualtrics survey reporting personal and practice characteristics and experiences with harassment. We calculated descriptive statistics, comparing those who had and hadn't experienced targeted harassment using χ2 tests, and we qualitatively analyzed free-text descriptions of harassment experiences to identify themes.Results: Of 321 respondents, 112 (35%) reported harassment. Targeted harassment was more likely with each decade of increasing age, and was greater for respondents providing outpatient versus only inpatient surgical abortion care (40% vs. 7%, p < 0.001) and care beyond the first trimester compared to only in the first trimester (39% vs. 16%, p = 0.001). Sixty-two respondents (19%) were not currently providing abortions, with 33 (52%) explicitly forbidden from doing so by their employers. Qualitative analysis revealed that most harassment is invasive and intimidating rather than overtly violent, with many providers experiencing intentional public exposure of their abortion work and having their professionalism discredited. Ensuing isolation of providers from their communities both perpetuates and facilitates further abortion provider stigma and harassment.Conclusions: Targeted harassment toward abortion providers is widespread and attempts to intimidate providers and isolate them from their communities. More research is needed to explore ways to mitigate isolation of providers, which could improve safety, and have positive effects on the abortion workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Examine predictors of social media use among a nationally representative sample of adults with children in the household.Methods: Data were collected from the Health Information National Trends (HINTS) Survey from 2017 to 2020 (N = 3559). Multivariate logistic regression models assessed the association between sociodemographic variables and social networking site (SNS) use, SNS use to share health information, participation in online forum or support groups for health issues and watching health-related videos on YouTube.Results: Older adults and men were significantly less likely to use social media (p<.05). Non-Hispanic African American (aOR: 1.83; 95%CI: 1.30-2.57), Hispanic (aOR: 2.16; 95%CI: 1.56-2.99), and Asian (aOR: 2.82; 95%CI: 1.67-4.75) adults were more likely to watch health-related videos on YouTube.Conclusions: Racial/ethnic minorities with children in the household were more likely to seek health information on YouTube, highlighting opportunities to disseminate culturally relevant, accurate messages on the platform. Effective health communication targeted to specific demographics can help counter misinformation and promote health behavior particularly during public health emergencies.Practice Implications: Providers need to foster trust so that patients are comfortable to ask questions in addition to seeking information online. Providers can direct patients to credible resources to counter misinformation exposure and promote healthy behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Some intrauterine devices (IUD) users self-remove their IUDs, and these experiences are not well understood. This study examines what IUD users post in internet forums about their experience, as well as advice and questions shared among IUD users about self-removal.Study Design: This study uses qualitative analysis of internet health and parenting forum postings about IUD self-removal identified from an internet search engine. We analyzed the data using inductive and deductive content analyses.Results: Twenty-eight sites, containing 1742 posts by 1197 unique users, satisfied our eligibility criteria. Users reported successful IUD self-removal attempts as "quick," "easy," and "painless"; it was rare to encounter IUD users describing complications of their self-removal attempts. Users described unsuccessful attempts as failure to find or grasp strings. Many IUD users described their successful removal techniques and gave advice to other users who were struggling with self-removal. Users frequently utilized the forum to ask questions about IUD self-removal methods and timing, pain, when to seek medical intervention, and the effects on future fertility.Conclusions: Posts describing successful IUD self-removal report positive experiences. IUD users who have difficulty with self-removal may utilize internet forums to learn from others' experiences.Implications: Exploring IUD users' experiences with and questions about self-removal may inform strategies to develop better resources for those who desire self-removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is an urgent need to empower practitioners to undertake quality improvement (QI) projects in burn services in low-middle income countries (LMICs). We piloted a course aimed to equip nurses working in these environments with the knowledge and skills to undertake such projects.Methods: Eight nurses from five burns services across Malawi and Ethiopia took part in this pilot course, which was evaluated using a range of methods, including interviews and focus group discussions.Results: Course evaluations reported that interactive activities were successful in supporting participants to devise QI projects. Appropriate online platforms were integral to creating a community of practice and maintaining engagement. Facilitators to a successful QI project were active individuals, supportive leadership, collaboration, effective knowledge sharing and demonstrable advantages of any proposed change. Barriers included: staff attitudes, poor leadership, negative culture towards training, resource limitations, staff rotation and poor access to information to guide practice.Conclusions: The course demonstrated that by bringing nurses together, through interactive teaching and online forums, a supportive community of practice can be created. Future work will include investigating ways to scale up access to the course so staff can be supported to initiate and lead quality improvement in LMIC burn services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoption of optimal management techniques for rearing dairy calves has significant effects on their health, welfare, and productivity. Despite much published literature on best practice, calf morbidity and mortality rates remain high. This survey aimed to establish current calf management practices in the United Kingdom, along with farmer perceptions surrounding different housing types. A survey containing 48 questions was distributed online to UK farmers via social media, online forums, and a convenience sample of veterinary practices and was completed by 216 participants. A descriptive analysis with frequency distributions was calculated, with chi-squared tests, linear regression and multinomial regression performed to assess associations between variables. There was a low level of regular veterinary involvement in day-to-day health decision making for calves (3/216, 1.4%), highlighting the need for appropriate staff training and standard operating procedures to ensure prudent antimicrobial usage. Restricted calf milk feeding remains highly prevalent in the United Kingdom, with most calves fed milk replacer (114/216, 52.8%), twice daily (189/216, 87.5%), initially given milk at 4 L/d (66/216, 30.6%) or 6 L/d (47/216, 21.8%). There was, however, a small number of farmers initially feeding only 2 to 3 L/d (28/216, 13.0%). Euthanasia of bull calves (5/216, 2.3%) and feeding antimicrobial waste milk to calves (8/216, 3.7%) both occurred on some farms. With regard to housing, use of individual calf pens has reduced from around 60% in 2010 to 38.4% in this study (83/216), with this reduction being partly driven by the policy of UK milk buyers. Farmer perceptions indicated that individual housing was thought to help to improve calf health and feed monitoring of calves, suggesting that successful use of group housing requires a higher level of stockmanship. The majority of farmers did not provide fresh bedding to calves on a daily basis (141/216, 65.3%), and relatively few disinfected both the calf housing (38.0%) and ground (47.7%) between calves, suggesting that hygiene practices may require additional attention in farm management protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity is a consensus statement that creates a standard nomenclature for classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It was initially published in 1984, expanded in 1987, and revisited in 2005. This article presents a third revision, the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition (ICROP3), which is now required because of challenges such as: (1) concerns about subjectivity in critical elements of disease classification; (2) innovations in ophthalmic imaging; (3) novel pharmacologic therapies (e.g., anti–vascular endothelial growth factor agents) with unique regression and reactivation features after treatment compared with ablative therapies; and (4) recognition that patterns of ROP in some regions of the world do not fit neatly into the current classification system. Review of evidence-based literature, along with expert consensus opinion. International ROP expert committee assembled in March 2019 representing 17 countries and comprising 14 pediatric ophthalmologists and 20 retinal specialists, as well as 12 women and 22 men. The committee was initially divided into 3 subcommittees—acute phase, regression or reactivation, and imaging—each of which used iterative videoconferences and an online message board to identify key challenges and approaches. Subsequently, the entire committee used iterative videoconferences, 2 in-person multiday meetings, and an online message board to develop consensus on classification. Consensus statement. The ICROP3 retains current definitions such as zone (location of disease), stage (appearance of disease at the avascular–vascular junction), and circumferential extent of disease. Major updates in the ICROP3 include refined classification metrics (e.g., posterior zone II , notch , subcategorization of stage 5, and recognition that a continuous spectrum of vascular abnormality exists from normal to plus disease). Updates also include the definition of aggressive ROP to replace aggressive-posterior ROP because of increasing recognition that aggressive disease may occur in larger preterm infants and beyond the posterior retina, particularly in regions of the world with limited resources. ROP regression and reactivation are described in detail, with additional description of long-term sequelae. These principles may improve the quality and standardization of ROP care worldwide and may provide a foundation to improve research and clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing body of work discussing the evolving functions of computer-mediated communication (CMC) cues including emoticons, emojis, memes, punctuation and GIFs. Two such cues are the hashtag (#) and the trademark operator (™). Using a corpus of public Reddit comments from 10 distinct 'subreddits', I analyze the usage of the trademark operator across different online communities. I demonstrate that the trademark operator use is undergoing a shift to take on characteristics previously identified by Zappavigna (2018) to correspond with the hashtag. In addition to having shared metadiscursive properties, these operators have overlapping functions including construing evaluation, ambient affiliation, and critique. One possible motivation for the use of these symbols is the indexing of community membership, since the use of these contextually defined operators assumes a degree of shared common ground. I argue that the overlapping characteristics extend to a broader class of CMC cues that I refer to as artificial operators. • Artificial operators (e.g., #, ™, ©, ®) serve pragmatic functions in social media. • Examples from Reddit show trademark use patterning after the hashtag. • The hashtag and the trademark symbol share a number of overlapping functions. • Shared metadiscursive features may lead to similar functions for all operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Limited research and guidance on the use of "withdrawal" or coitus interruptus for contraception lead to inconsistent or even inaccurate physician recommendations regarding its use. Consequently, patients rely on online communities to learn about this commonly used contraceptive method. To identify knowledge gaps and concerns between men and women, as well as explore how they use withdrawal, we examined withdrawal-related posts on the popular internet discussion forum, Reddit.Study Design: To explore gendered variations in withdrawal-related Reddit posts, we extracted posts from the gendered forums: "TwoXChromosomes," "Askwomen," "Askmen," and "OneY" between 2010 and 2019 that contained the search terms: "coitus interruptus," "withdrawal," "pull out," "preejaculate," or "precum." We developed an initial codebook with expected codes and augmented it with emerging findings from a random sampling of 10% of posts. We revised iteratively for interrater agreement, after which researchers coded the remaining posts independently.Results: Of 269 withdrawal-related queries, 19% were submitted by men; 81% referenced the contributor's own withdrawal use. Salient domains included: concerns about pregnancy risk (59%), how to effectively use withdrawal (13%), benefits/pleasure from using withdrawal (12%), impact on personal life/relationship (9%), and problems encountered, inclusive of consent (7%). Posts to female-focused forums more frequently inquired about pregnancy risk, while those on male forums more frequently inquired about withdrawal-related logistics (p < 0.001); domains were not associated with contributor gender.Conclusion: Withdrawal-related queries within this Reddit sample are frequently posted by women, the majority of whom want to understand their risk of pregnancy with withdrawal. Research operationalizing withdrawal and more accurately estimating withdrawal-related pregnancy risk is warranted.Implications: Reddit users discuss their personal experiences with withdrawal as contraception, as well as seek advice regarding its use from the online community. Pregnancy risk, logistics of use, and ongoing stigma are salient topics. Further research on pregnancy risk, operationalizing success, and approaches for discussing this behavioral method is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the users' characteristics, discussion contents, and the atmosphere of virtual peer communities.Methods: A qualitative, prospective study was conducted using the Netnography method. The most popular, publicly accessible French discussion forums were investigated. The web users' quotes were collected from May to October 2018. Data analysis triangulation was performed by two researchers using the NVivo 12® software.Results: The users discussed their experience with Parkinson's disease (PD) in a warm atmosphere. 23 discussion threads were analysed: 302 messages posted by 70 users (70% were females; the average illness duration was 6 years); 115 encoded nodes were created. Five user profiles appeared: leader, follower, expert, mixed, and undetermined. Common preoccupations were a lack of time and listening from the physicians' side. Three themes emerged: managing symptoms, living with PD, and sharing illness experiences. Users sought actively for a cure to limit or stop disease evolution, using alternative and complementary therapies to optimize their daily condition.Conclusions: Online forums foster person's informal learnings about coping with PD. Healthcare professionals can use these learnings to optimize person-centred support.Practice Implications: During consultations, healthcare professionals should invite persons to discuss their online activity, informal learnings, beliefs and expectations towards therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to improve understanding of the differences and similarities between Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) that are offered to consumers to gain their knowledge and ICTs that are expected by consumers in terms of their engagement in knowledge sharing. Thus, this paper aims to solve this problem by answering the main research question: Are the ICT offered to consumers to engage them in knowledge sharing in line with their expectations? The presented outcomes result from two sets of data, (1) a survey questionnaire on consumers and (2) a case study online observation of enterprises and public sector organizations (PSOs). Popular and well-known ICTs were taken into consideration. The findings show that both enterprises and PSOs most often offer consumers their own websites. That indicates that they choose an easily accessible and convenient tool for them to facilitate consumer engagement. The comparison of the results taken from two sets of data has revealed that consumer expectations as to ICT usage for knowledge sharing are much higher than the possibilities offered by enterprises and PSOs. This is especially true for Internet forums, industry-specialized portals, and specialized organization websites. The results also show that females would like to use ICTs in greater scope than males. It is especially true for popular information websites and Facebook portal. What is more, the results show statistically significant differences between age generations for two ICTs only, i.e., mobile applications and Facebook portal. Detailed analyses indicated that the elder generations, i.e., Baby-Boomers and Builders, would like to use these ICTs in greater scope than the younger ones. In particular, the results reveal that consumers expect to use ICTs in greater scope than those offered by enterprises and PSOs. However, the results must be interpreted with caution because of their limitations that pertain to the survey sample, which embraced consumers from Poland only, as well as to ICTs selection limited to nine items. The findings presented could be relevant to any enterprise and PSO that would like to engage consumers in providing feedback about their product and service offerings with the ICT usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents WebT-IDC, an end-to-end Web Tool for Intelligent Dataset Creation, able to construct noiseless corpora of feedback on different topics in any language, from web forums and blogs. The method is based on a unique extraction model of pagination element pattern, independent of DOM structure. WebT-IDC is a holistic tool covering all stages, from user's query, crawling and scraping web pages and extracting relevant data, to building text corpora, free from boilerplate and repetitive data, useful in machine learning tasks. The output is a partially labeled dataset, accurate to reflecting a realistic vision of the market, tested in a Transformer based model in order to show the relevance for immediate use in ML task, offering high accuracy in polarity, language and product recognition. The system is evaluated in terms of noise filtering efficiency and computing time as well as precision and recall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, school teachers and religious scholars got involved in designing a system for quranic education for non-native Arabic children. To the best of our knowledge, we believe our study is one of the first to explore the potential of technology for Quranic Education through qualitative discussions with two groups of instructors, namely school teachers and religious scholars, despite the fact that reinforcement learning has not been used for such purposes. The designed system is based on reinforcement learning mechanism and speech recognition system [4]. Discussion and open interviews conducted with both types of instructors before building and implementing the system. After implementation, we provide the system to both types of instructors to collect their feedback and examine it one children. In this paper, we show the outcome of the testing phase from both rounds of testing. As for the results, both types of instructors think that the system is outstanding to overcome many challenges in the classroom with children. Also, after teachers examine the system on children, they found significant improvement on children's repeating the whole verse after trying the system as well as performance improvements before and after using the system. Surprisingly, teachers think they know the students very well, however, they discover new weakness and strength points on children after using the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The study investigates the Online teaching for ChE students during the Covid-19 Pandemic. • The study evaluates the students' responses to distance learning on the knowledge gained from core courses. • Several students reported some internet interruptions during Online activities. • Students disclosed some difficulties focusing during the Online sessions with limited interactions. • The study assessed the performance of the senior students doing a graduation project. Distance learning demand has increased and turned into an obligatory educational system during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Within this period, students need exceptional support and assistance to be adjusted to the Online framework environment. The current study investigates distance learning on chemical engineering students' educational performance during this pandemic period. This study addresses many issues related to distance learning, such as the household setting suitability with the internet connections, Online lecture activities, Online classroom experience and assessment tools, and student's perception of the Online graduation projects. A comprehensive survey was organized and structured to observe and evaluate these associated issues to distance learning. The study targeted the third, fourth, and fifth-year students. The responses of the students revealed positive and negative assessments of the Online teaching during this Pandemic. Generally, the participated students did not experience significant technical obstacles to acquiring all the Online activities. Most of the contributed students expressed some difficulties concentrating during the Online sessions with limited student-instructor interactions. Graduation Project students encountered problems in performing technical discussions with their academic advisors, coordinators, and teammates compared to the face-to-face approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chemical engineering design project undertaken by remote-learning. • Formal and informal educator – student remote learning engagement. • Student access to software and high-power computing through cloud services. • Student cohort grade performance comparable to previous face-to-face classes. • Teams that engage in online forums achieved better grade outcomes. The design project represents the culmination of a chemical engineering student's degree, which is intended to enable students to demonstrate technical competency and achieve team-based learning outcomes. Conventionally the design project is taught through face-to-face learning, however recent circumstances around Covid-19 have required engineering degrees to pivot to remote learning and here the outcome of chemical engineering design project taught through remote learning is reported. The class was tasked with designing processes for vitamin B2, B3 or E production, based on teams of 5 students. The structure of the design project consisted of three major assessments tasks around process feasibility and development, unit operation designs and economics, with students required to undertake group as well as individual assessments. The process by which the design project was taught remotely is presented here; in terms of educator-student engagements, promotion of student interaction within teams, online tools and ensure students had access to appropriate software. The outcome was a successful final year design project for chemical engineering students, which achieved comparable performance outcomes to previous years' face-to-face teaching as well as demonstration that student interactions within teams are vital to a successful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological research has recently proposed alexinomia, characterised by an inhibited behaviour in saying names, as a distinct psychosocial phenomenon. Alexinomia is associated with anxiety and avoidance behaviours with regards to saying names and thus severely impacts every day social interactions and relationships. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of this newly established and poorly understood psychological phenomenon and to further determine its impact on everyday life. For this purpose, online advice and discussion forums were systematically searched for threads on and mentions of problems with saying names. We analysed a broad dataset from English-language comments discussing alexinomia-related experiences and behaviours, inclusive of varied demographics and geographical regions. The findings based on the qualitative analysis of 257 unique sources show that alexinomia is a widespread phenomenon. Moreover, the analysed online materials showed affected individual's use of a variety of effective and ineffective coping strategies and experience varying degrees of severity, which can potentially diminish with training. The study's results therefore highlight alexinomia as a relevant, yet highly under researched, field of study, and add to our knowledge on the experience of alexinomia in everyday life and its potential origins, especially relating to social anxiety and early-life familial dynamic. • Alexinomia, the inability to say names, is a widespread psychological phenomenon. • Several hundred accounts of alexinomia written in English were analysed. • Alexinomia heavily impacts social interactions and relationships. • Persons affected employ a variety of effective and ineffective coping strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observed regional variation in geotagged social media text is often attributed to dialects, where features in language are assumed to exhibit region-specific properties. While dialects are seen as a key component in defining the identity of regions, there are a multitude of other geographic properties that may be captured within natural language text. In our work, we consider locational mentions that are directly embedded within comments on the social media website Reddit, providing a range of associated semantic information, and enabling deeper representations between locations to be captured. Using a large corpus of geoparsed Reddit comments from UK-related local discussion subreddits, we first extract embedded semantic information using a large language model, aggregated into local authority districts, representing the semantic footprint of these regions. These footprints broadly exhibit spatial autocorrelation, with clusters that conform with the national borders of Wales and Scotland. London, Wales, and Scotland also demonstrate notably different semantic footprints compared with the rest of Great Britain. • Large language models can be leveraged to extract vernacular knowledge of places • Vernacular knowledge of places derived from text-based data is introduced in the form of semantic footprints • Semantic footprints exhibit geographically cohesive patterns; correlating broadly with national boundaries of Great Britain • London, Wales, and Scotland emerge as the most distinct semantic spatial clusters [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The power of writing and reflection in online discussion forums can improve higher order thinking skills. • In constructivist learning environments, an intentional, contingent blend of instructor mediation strategies should merge cognitive development aims with affect for building rapport and social interaction for co-construction of knowledge. • While numerous instructional mediation theories exist, there are few practical mediation models. • This study offers a practical instructors' model, blending cognitive, affective, and social mediation strategies targeting development of higher order thinking skills in online/blended constructivist learning environments. Online discussion forums are potentially invaluable for developing learners' higher order thinking skills through the power of writing and reflection in quality online learning spaces. In such forums, learners' interactions are facilitated, or mediated, by instructors to create more meaningful and effective constructivist-based learning. Despite a wealth of instructor mediation theories and the recent global movement to online/blended teaching precipitated by COVID, few practical application mediation models exist. The purpose of the study was to (1) present a mediation strategy model for instructors, drawn from the analysis of an intervention program designed to develop higher order thinking, and (2) explore how those mediation strategies may be applied in these forums individually and collectively. Qualitative data were gathered through asynchronous forums, a post-survey, and my observation notes. Three existing content analysis instruments, the Interaction Analysis Model, Cognitive Dimension of Revised Bloom's Taxonomy, and Krathwohl's Affective Domain were used to translate participants' forum interactions into quantitative data. I created an original coding framework to analyze instructional mediation strategies by generating categories inductively from the raw data. This framework, presented herein, forms the basis of a new, practical mediation model, consisting of twenty strategy-based codes in four broad categories−Cognitive-Related, Affective-Related, Co-construction-Related, and Overarching. The study concludes that learners' thoughts appear to broaden and deepen in forums when an intentional, contingent blend of cognitive mediation strategies is merged with mediation strategies aimed at building (1) affect for rapport, and (2) social interaction for the co-construction of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide-specific rumination, characterized by perseveration on and difficulties disengaging from suicidal thoughts and ideas, has been linked to increased suicide risk; however, previous studies were limited by the use of a cross-sectional design and relatively lower risk samples. This study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings by examining the short-term longitudinal association between suicide-specific rumination and suicidal intent, controlling for numerous robust covariates, in a sample of community-based adults at high risk for suicide, who were recruited from suicide-related forums online. Ninety-one adults with significant suicidal ideation (M age = 27.03, SD = 8.64; 53.8% female, 44.0% male, 1.1% non-binary, 1.1% transgender female) completed brief online self-report measures at six time-points, each three days apart. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that suicide-specific rumination was associated with suicidal intent, above and beyond suicidal ideation, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, agitation, insomnia, nightmares, and sociodemographic characteristics. Further, a lagged model demonstrated that suicide-specific rumination predicted subsequent time-point suicidal intent, controlling for current suicidal intent and all other covariates. Overall, these findings suggest that perseverating on one's suicidal thoughts may serve as a proximal factor that increases suicide risk. Future investigations should explore potential mechanisms of this association, as well as interventions that may reduce suicide-specific rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Recent evidence suggests that e-mental health interventions can be effective at improving mental health but that there is still a notable hesitation among patients to use them. Previous research has revealed that they are perceived by patients as being less helpful than face-to-face psychotherapy. The reasons for this unfavorable perception are, however, not yet well understood. The aim of our study was to address this question by eliciting preferences for individual components of e-mental health interventions in a discrete choice experiment.Methods: Using a stepwise qualitative approach, we developed the following 5 attributes of eMHIs: introductory training, human contact, peer support, proven effectiveness, content delivery, and price. Additionally, we asked questions about respondents' demographics, attitudes, and previous experience of traditional psychotherapy, as well as their distress level.Results: A total of 1984 respondents completed the survey. Using mixed logit models, we found that personal contact with a psychotherapist in blended care, proven effectiveness, and low price were highly valued by participants. Participants were indifferent toward the mode of content delivery but showed a slight preference for introductory training via phone, as well as for peer support via online forum alongside coach-led group meetings on site.Discussion: Our results suggest a clear preference for blended care that includes face-to-face contact with a psychotherapist. This preference remained stable irrespective of sociodemographics, previous experience of psychotherapy, distress level, and the 2 context scenarios used in our discrete choice experiment. Further investigations looking at the potential benefits and risks of blended care are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of Internet technology, online health forums have become indispensable for people who seek non-professional health support. This research focuses on the content posted by cancer patients and their relatives in online health forums and social networks to raise the following research questions: What is the overall view of the social support network in the online tumor community? What are the information behaviors of the online tumor community in different identities of users? How users interact in this community and build this network of social support? What are the topics users would like to share and talk about? What kinds of users could be the key users in this community? Method: Using the post and comment data of the Oncology Forum of Tianya Hospital in 2019, combined with social network analysis and word co-occurrence network analysis, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) There are some central points in the overall social support network, and there are central users consistent with other social networks. (2) Positive users are more likely to comment on others, and it is easier to get others' comments, while negative users are more likely to share personal information and do not want to participate more in social interaction. (3) Users focus on posting emotional and emotional content in content sharing. Information-based social support information. The social support experience that this type of information brings to users can be positive and negative. (4) The most active group in the patients' online health community, followed by the patients' children. (5) The relationship between users and patients is diverse and there are two types of singularity. Users with diverse relationships are more likely to be commented on, and they are more willing to comment on users who also have diverse relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the mitigating meaning within an empirical discourse analysis framework that integrates its cognitive, emotive, relational, situational, and linguistic components. Mitigation is understood as a psychological category to cope with one or more stressors in communication. The mitigating apparatus is instantiated in discourse with the goal of managing interactants' vulnerabilities. This conceptual framework is applied to examine the mitigation strategies devised by participants in an online forum for recovery from an eating disorder. The analysis reveals that participants in the site resort to different mitigation patterns to perform the acts of advice solicitation and advice provision. Advice seekers use mitigation devices and discursive moves to tune the illocutionary force of their requests to the audience, to modulate their self-presentation agenda to the forum normative requirements (facework) and to cope with the stressor of the illness. Advice providers, in contrast, produce a comprehensive body of mitigating strategies related to the notions of empathy and perspective-taking, two cognitive constructs that are negotiated, represented and managed interactionally. Mitigation, therefore, constitutes an instrumental and motivational category that shapes the ways of dealing with multiple stressors and multidimensional vulnerabilities in discourse. • Defines mitigation as a psychological category to cope with stressors and vulnerabilities. • Includes argumentation, empathy and perspective-taking moves as mitigation mechanisms. • Describes the speech activity of advice exchange in an online forum for eating disorders. • Examines mitigation motivations for advice-seeking and advice-giving. • Identifies distinctive patterns of mitigating meaning when asking for advice vs giving advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]