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In the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) field, an innovative output enhancement strategy toward the ampere (A)-level and a broad design guideline to realize this strategy remain elusive. Herein, we propose self-enhanced electrostatic discharge triboelectric nanogenerator (SED-TENG) that has a simple design and mechanism to achieve ultrahigh current output performance. The SED-TENG based on the proposed synergistic effect between unidirectional charge accumulation and direct electron flow generated a peak voltage of approximately 2200 V, peak current of 7 A, and transferred charge of 50 μC in one cycle. The SED-TENG was optimized in terms of various design variables and circuit configurations by quantitatively comparing its peak and RMS outputs. The electrical output of the SED-TENG was investigated in various operating environments and under diverse conditions. Under a broad range of load resistances, the SED-TENG exhibited outstanding instantaneous and average output power characteristics. The SED-TENG can be utilized as ultrahigh performance energy harvesting tile, for example, the artificial grass-integrated SED-TENG generated stable outputs during walking and running. As practical applications, the SED-TENG was able to brightly illuminate 3000 LEDs and 56 W/108 W commercial fluorescent lamps, continuously operate three commercial sensor arrays without a time limit, furthermore, produce hydrogen/oxygen via water splitting. [Display omitted] • Broad design guideline for dramatic output enhancement based on plate-plate TENG. • Synergy between unidirectional charge accumulation and electrostatic discharge. • Outstanding output performance characteristics under broad external load resistance. • Ultrahigh output applications (powering LEDs, lamps, sensors and water splitting). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Low-friction, high-efficiency contact through deformable arch-shaped film structure. • Current amplification through mechanical design (can produce current output of 1.7 A) • High efficiency direct-current output to charge capacitors without a bridge rectifier. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are one of energy harvesting technologies in spotlight that can produce electrical output from various mechanical movements such as vertical vibration, sliding motion, and rotation through different designs. Despite this potential, frictional damage is inevitable since TENG utilizes contact electrification that require repeated contact and separation on the surfaces of two materials. To decrease the frictional wear, flexible materials of designs with soft contact can be applied, but the efficiency of generating electrical output will be lowered. In this study, the deformable arch-shaped film TENG (DAS-TENG) is developed to decrease an unnecessary friction force by applying moderate normal force and increase the contact area with dielectric materials. By additional metal-to-metal contact between the fixed and moving electrodes, it can generate RMS output power of 633.44 mW and direct-current output by a wind input and charge the 100 µF capacitor to 1.74 V for 200 s even without rectifying circuit. We believe that DAS-TENG can be further developed to be primary power source for existing electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an innovative technology that converts ambient mechanical energy into electricity based on electrostatic induction and triboelectrification. However, the TENG has an inherent critical problem of low peak and root mean square (RMS) output current due to its high internal impedance. Herein, we propose a unidirectional charge-supplying flutter TENG (UCSF-TENG), which exhibits highly enhanced peak/RMS current output performance. By leveraging just one rectifier diode and distinctive fluttering device design, the UCSF-TENG achieved a peak current of 5.9 A and an RMS current of 20 mA. The electrical output generation mechanism of the UCSF-TENG was systemically analyzed based on the mechanical fluttering motion analysis using a high-speed camera. In addition, the UCSF-TENG was structurally optimized via mechanical and electrical analyses for various design factors, through which it achieved an average power of 109 mW. Benefiting from such high output performance, the UCSF-TENG can successfully charge a supercapacitor of 0.22 F, power 108-W commercial lamps, and operate 12 commercial sensor arrays continuously. This work provides a promising strategy for boosting the output current performance of the TENG while maintaining integrability and portability. [Display omitted] • Novel mechanism for boosting the output current of the TENG by leveraging unidirectional charge-supplying-flutter. • Quantitative analysis depending on design variables and circuit configurations. • Successful demonstration on ultrahigh output performance of the USCF-TENG by powering LEDs, commercial lamps and sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]