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In this study, the treatment of wastewater with N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was carried out by a constructed rapid infiltration system (CRIS). The decontamination efficiency of the system with different fillers was investigated and the microbial communities and metabolic pathway were also analyzed. It was indicated that the removal of COD and DMF in the hydrochar-coke group (RA) and coke group (RB) were 58.91–59.93 % and 71.89–51.46 %, respectively. Compared with the influent, the average NH 3 -N concentration in the effluent increased by 77.04 % and 55.09 %, and the average removal rate of NO 3 --N by the two group was 72.95 % and 62.04 %, respectively. The abundance of DMF-degrading Paracoccus (5.10 %, 21.01 %) in the hydrochar and coke layers in RA was higher than the coke layer of RB (0.44 %), indicating that hydrochar promoted the growth and propagation of DMF-degrading bacteria. Hydrochar promoted the expression of gene PFK (0.2113 %), GADPH (0.3038 %), IDH (0.1832 %) and MDH (0.1758 %). In nitrogen metabolism, the relative abundance of glutamine synthetase was the highest. This research provided a theoretical foundation and technical support for the treatment DMF wastewater by CRIS. [Display omitted] • CRIS with hydrochar was more effective at treating DMF wastewater. • Dehydrogenase in hydrochar column was higher than that in coke column. • Paracoccus was more abundant in hydrochar column. • Hydrochar could promote the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease with chronic inflammation, progressive articular cartilage destruction and subchondral bone sclerosis. CircRNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA with a circular structure that participate in a series of important pathophysiological processes of OA, especially its ceRNA mechanisms, and play an important role in OA. CircRNAs may be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of OA. Additionally, differentially expressed circRNAs were found in patients with OA, indicating that circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of OA. Experiments have shown that the intra-articular injection of modified circRNAs can effectively relieve OA. Exosomal circRNAs and methylated circRNAs also provide new ideas for the treatment of OA. Clarifying the important roles of circRNAs in OA will deepen people's understanding of the pathogenesis of OA. CircRNAs may be developed as new biomarkers or drug targets for the diagnosis of OA and provide new methods for the treatment of OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deoxyglycychloxazol (TY501) is a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative which exhibits high anti-inflammatory activity and reduced pseudoaldosteronism compared to glycyrrhetinic acid. In this study, a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was established for the quantitation of TY501 in rat plasma. Plasma samples were treated by precipitating protein with methanol and supernatants were separated by a Symmetry C 8 column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 10 mM ammonium formate (containing 0.1% of formic acid) (90:10, v/v). The selected reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions were performed at m/z 647.4→191.2 for TY501 and m/z 473.3→143.3 for astragaloside aglycone (IS) in the positive ion mode with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source. Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 5–5000 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng/mL. The mean recovery was over 88%. The intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 6.0% and 12.8%, respectively, and the accuracy was within ±1.3%. TY501 was stable under usual storage conditions and handling procedure. The validated method has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of TY501 to rats at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that leads to joint pain and stiffness and is one of the leading causes of disability and pain worldwide. Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation process, and its abnormal function is closely related to human diseases, including OA. Abnormal autophagy regulates cell aging, matrix metalloproteinase metabolism, and reactive oxygen metabolism, which are key in the occurrence and development of OA. There is evidence that drugs directly or indirectly targeting autophagy significantly hinder the progress of OA. In addition, the occurrence and development of autophagy in OA are regulated by many factors, including epigenetic modification, exosomes, crucial autophagy molecules, and signaling pathway regulation. Autophagy, as a new therapeutic target for OA, has widely influenced the pathological mechanism of OA. However, determining how autophagy affects OA pathology and its use in the treatment and diagnosis of targets still need further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular characteristics and biological functions of RNA methylation, and the role of RNA methylation in depression. [Display omitted] Depression is caused by a variety of factors such as genetic factors, biological factors, and psychosocial factors, and the pathogenesis is complex. RNA methylations and related downstream signaling pathways influence a variety of biological mechanisms, including cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, sex determination, and stress response. In this work, we searched the PubMed, Web of Science, National Library of Science and Technology (NSTL), and ScienceDirect Online (SDOL) databases to summarize the biological roles of RNA methylations and their impact on the pathological mechanisms of depression. RNA methylations play a key role in the development of many diseases, and current research shows that RNA methylations are also closely linked to depression. RNA methylations in depression mainly involve "writers" (mediating the methylation modification process of RNAs), "erasers" (mediating the demethylation modification process of RNA methylation). Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) influences the development of depression by increasing body mass index (BMI), decreases the dopamine level, inhibits the adrenoceptor beta 2 (ADRB2)-c-Myc-sirt1 pathway, results in the m6A/m6Am dysregulation in brain, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. The study of RNA methylations in depression has further deepened our understanding of the pathogenesis and development process of depression, provides new perspectives for the study of the pathological mechanism of depression, and provides new targets for the prevention and treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Non-tropane-based photoaffinity ligands for the dopamine transporter (DAT) are relatively unexplored in contrast to tropane-based compounds such as cocaine. In order to fill this knowledge gap, a ligand was synthesized in which the aromatic ring of pyrovalerone was substituted with a photoreactive azido group. The analog 1-(4-azido-3-iodophenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one demonstrated appreciable binding affinity for the DAT (K i =78±18nM), suggesting the potential utility of a radioiodinated version in structure-function studies of this protein. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A total of 480 one-day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 20 chicks per replicate. A basal diet was administered to the control group (CON), whereas CML350, CML500, and CML1000 groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 350, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg of lauric acid monoglyceride and cinnamaldehyde complex, respectively. However, adding 500 mg/kg of lauric acid monoglyceride and cinnamaldehyde complex improved weight gain (P < 0.01), enhanced intestinal morphology, increased serum total protein and albumin content, and total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.01), and significantly increased the Chao1 and Ace indices (P < 0.01), indicating an increase in the richness of the gut microbiota. At the phylum level, CML500 group reduced the abundance of Fusobacteriota at 21 d and Proteobacteria at 42 d (P < 0.01). At the genus level, CML500 group increased the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Alistipes at 42 d (P < 0.01) and decreased the abundance of Escherichia–Shigella (P < 0.01). At the species level, CML500 group reduced the abundance of Escherichia coli at 42 d (P < 0.01) and increased the abundance of AlistipespCHKCI003 at 42 d (P < 0.01). According to these results, adding 500 mg/kg of lauric acid monoglyceride and cinnamaldehyde complex in feed can improve the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In contrast to tropane-based compounds such as benztropine and cocaine, non-tropane-based photoaffinity ligands for the dopamine transporter (DAT) are relatively unexplored. Towards addressing this knowledge gap, ligands were synthesized in which the piperidine nitrogen of 3- and 4-iodomethylphenidate was substituted with a benzyl group bearing a photoreactive azide. Analog (±)-3a demonstrated modest DAT affinity and a radioiodinated version was shown to bind covalently to rat striatal DAT and hDAT expressed in cultured cells. Co-incubation of (±)-3a with nonradioactive d-(+)-methylphenidate or (−)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (β-CFT, WIN-35,428, a cocaine analog) blocked DAT labeling. Compound (±)-3a represents the first successful example of a DAT photoaffinity ligand based on the methylphenidate scaffold. Such ligands are expected to assist in mapping non-tropane ligand-binding pockets within plasma membrane monoamine transporters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]