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Silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupae lipid profiles were analyzed using high-resolution mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. A total of 241 lipid molecular species were annotated with high confidence in male and female silkworm pupae. Triacylglycerol (TG), phosphoethanolamine (PE) and phosphocholine (PC) were the main lipid subclasses of silkworm pupae, accounting for 63, 41 and 38 lipid molecular species, respectively. No unique lipid molecular species were identified, but there were differences in the abundance of lipid molecular species between male and female silkworm pupae. Therefore, the differences in the lipid abundance of male and female silkworm pupae were analyzed by chemometrics. As a result, 8 lipid molecular species were screened for differential lipids. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) showed that male and female silkworm pupae samples formed two distinct branches, indicating that these differential lipids could potentially be used as biomarkers to distinguish between male and female silkworm pupae. • 241 lipid molecular species of male and female silkworm pupae were detected. • TG, PE and PC were the main lipid subclasses of silkworm pupae. • 8 lipid molecular species were screened for differential lipids by chemometrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food fraud is common in the tuna industry because of the economic benefits involved. Ensuring the authenticity of tuna species is crucial for protecting both consumers and tuna stocks. In this study, GC-Q-TOF and UPLC-Q/Orbitrap mass spectrometry-based metabolomics were used to investigate the metabolite profiles of three commercial tuna species (skipjack tuna, bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna). A total of 22 and 77 metabolites were identified with high confidence using GC-Q-TOF and UPLC-Q/Orbitrap mass spectrometry, respectively. Further screening via chemometrics revealed that 38 metabolites could potentially serve as potential biomarkers. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the screened metabolite biomarkers successfully distinguished the three tested tuna species. Furthermore, a total of 27 metabolic pathways were identified through enrichment analysis based on the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Peptides of 45 tuna samples and 15 processed real samples of 3 types were detected. • Venn analysis showed the peptides of three tuna species were quite different. • The screened peptide biomarkers were effective in discriminating three tuna species. The risk of tuna adulteration is high driven by economic benefits. The authenticity of tuna is required to protect both consumers and tuna stocks. Given this, the study is designed to identify species-specific peptides for distinguishing three commercial tropical tuna species. The peptides derived from trypsin digestion were separated and detected using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) in data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode. Venn analysis showed that there were differences in peptide composition among the three tested tuna species. The biological specificity screening through the National Center for Biotechnology Information's Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (NCBI BLAST) revealed that 93 peptides could serve as potential species-specific peptides. Finally, the detection specificity of species-specific peptides of raw meats and processed products was carried out by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode based on a Q-Trap mass spectrometer. The results showed that three, one and two peptides of Katsuwonus pelamis , Thunnus obesus and Thunnus albacores , respectively could serve as species-specific peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adulteration of tuna is found as attenuation of morphological characteristics during processing due to the exhaustion of tuna resource. The authenticity of tuna is now concentrated in the seafood supply chain. Protein, as the most important component of tuna muscle, plays a very important role in tuna. In this study, the protein relative quantitation of 3 commercial tuna species (skipjack tuna, bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna) were revealed through the developed sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS)-based proteomic analysis with 81 proteins being reliably quantified. Further protein biomarkers discovery was carried out by chemometrics, leading to 14 proteins screened as potential biomarkers. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the screened protein biomarkers have the ability to distinguish the 3 tuna species. Gene ontology (GO) annotation of the screened protein biomarkers most of them were relevant to molecular functions. • The protein profiles of 3 commercial tuna species were investigated. • The protein biomarkers were revealed by pairwise comparisons of the OPLS-DA models. • HCA showed that protein biomarkers were effective in species discrimination. • GO annotation revealed that most protein biomarkers were relevant to molecular functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The food's perishable properties and people's eco-friendly requirements have driven the biodegradable active packaging development. In this study, modification behaviors of polyviniyl alcohol/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/roselle anthocyanin-based (PHR) film on textural profiles of Penaeus vannamei were investigated. Shrimp samples were packaged by PHR film with different roselle anthocyanin contents and stored at 4 ± 1 °C. The results indicated that PHR groups exhibited better texture with higher values of hardness (435.56 ± 75.52 g), springiness (0.53 ± 0.04 mm), chewiness (198.83 ± 40.98 N) and resilience (0.45 ± 0.04). The PHR film exerted positive influences on water migration by reducing drip loss and promoting conversion of free water into immobilized water. Meanwhile, the PHR film retarded protein denaturation via increasing myofibrillar protein and sulfhydryl group contents, decreasing TCA (trichloroacetic acid)-soluble peptide contents and maintaining protein secondary structure (higher α-helix ratio and lower β-sheet ratio). In conclusion, the PHR film improved shrimp texture by rearrangement of water distribution and stabilization of protein conformation. Hence, the PHR film was a novel potential active packaging for shrimp texture enhancement. • The modification behavior and mechanism of PHR film on texture were illuminated. • Water distribution and protein conformation affected textural profiles together. • The PHR film had potential in rearranging water migration positively. • The PHR film was able to delay protein denaturation and stabilize protein structure. The PHR film was a novel food package in texture enhancement and food preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The lipid profiles of 3 commercial tuna species were investigated. • The lipid biomarkers were reveal by pairwise comparisons of the OPLS-DA models. • Real samples verification showed that lipid biomarkers were effective in species discrimination. Mislabeling and adulteration of tuna are common due to the diminishing of morphological characteristics during processing. The tuna authenticity is now being focused in the seafood supply chain. In this study, the lipid profiles of 3 commercial tuna species (skipjack tuna, bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna) were investigated via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS). A total of 439 lipid species were identified and semi-quantitated by MS-DIAL. Further biomarkers discovery was carried out by chemometrics, leading to 27 lipids being identified as potential lipid biomarkers. Comparisons to reference standards revealed that lipid biomarkers were effective for discrimination of different tuna species. Interestingly, the proposed lipid biomarkers were all glycerophospholipids, implying that they might be the focus of future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel antioxidant peptide was isolated and identified by chromatography, HPLC and LC-MS/MS. • The antioxidant stability of peptide was determined under in vitro digestion model. • The effects of peptide on oxidative damage HepG2 cells induced by H 2 O 2 were determined. • The reasons of antioxidant effect on cells were analyzed by combining peptide sequence and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. Antioxidant peptide, referred as Trp-Gly-Pro-Gly-Val-Glu (WGPGVE), was isolated and identified from porcine plasma which was hydrolysised 5 h by alkaline protease. The sequence of WGPGVE had hydrophobic amino acids G, V, aromatic amino acids W, and acidic amino acid E, as well as its values of hydroxyl, ABTS, DPPH radicals scavenging rates and iron chelating rate were improved by 30.15%, 10.05%, 38.69%, 51.40% respectively, compared to glutathione (29.32%, 81.06%, 25.43%, 17.82%). Moreover, under in vitro digestion model, it exhibited stable antioxidation (50.15%, 92.49%, 24.29%, 35.35%) after the hydrolysis effect of pepsin and trypsin. Additionally, WGPGVE could protect HepG2 cells against H 2 O 2 by promoting the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Thus, the new sequence antioxidant peptide could be potentially used in pharmaceuticals or functional foods and promote the application of porcine plasma in food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the nutritional characteristics of new species of Nepture volute (NV), its meat is used for nutritional analysis. NV had about 10% proteins containing essential amino acids except for tryptophan, 0.2% lipids containing 70% unsaturated fatty acids, 0.1% hydroxy acids with the function of fat reduction, 0.07% Ca, 0.002% Fe, 0.001% Zn. NV protein (NVP) with histone 3, perivitelline, cytochrome oxidase subunit played important role of cellular component, molecular functions and biological process in NV cells metabolism. Moreover, salt-soluble and acid-soluble proteins dominated NVP, suggesting high gel forming ability and small molecular weight. NVPs were pseudoplastic fluid (n < 0.2 in Power law), exhibiting shear thinning. Moreover, high rate of α-helix: β-sheet in NVPs led to more than 50% protein digestibility, 70% amino acids digestibility, 80% protein and trace elements absorption rates. NV also had antioxidant function (DPPH scavenging rate 23.289%) after digestion due to the presence of aromatic (phenylalanine) and acidic amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamate). Thereby, NV could complement multiple nutrients and had potential anti-oxidation and weight-losing functions. • Nutrients of Nepture volute (NV) including proteins, lipid, trace elements (Ca, Fe, Zn) were determined. • The NV proteins (NVP) properties (structure, rheology, thermal stability) were determined. • The NVP types and functions were analyzed based on proteomics. • Antioxidation and digestion/absorption rates of NV nutrients were analyzed by in vitro digestion/caco-2 cells model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proteome changes of A. japonicus after heat treatments were measured by SWATH-MS. • 24 and 13 proteins were indicators for heat treatment and three heat procedures. • Majority of the differentiating proteins were function relevant by GO annotation. The effects of heat treatment on the proteome of Apostichopus japonicus have been evaluated using label-free quantitative proteomics by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight (UHPLC-Q/TOF) mass spectrometry with sequential window acquisition of all the theoretical fragment ion (SWATH) acquisition mode. Chemometric tools are integrated to reveal proteomic changes by mining the protein quantitation data from fresh and differently heat-treated samples. SWATH allows the quantitation of 548 proteins, of which 24 proteins are significantly sensitive to heat treatment and 13 proteins vary significantly responding to different heat procedures (boiling, steaming, and microwave heating), and 5 of them are sharing proteins. Gene ontology (GO) annotation of the differentiating proteins highlights most of them are relevant to molecular functions. The results can be favorable to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the nutrition and function of processed sea cucumbers and facilitate the selection of an optimal thermal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to increasing environmental concerns and growing demands for food quality maintenance, biodegradable active packaging is emerging on the market to overcome the challenges faced by traditional plastic packaging. Pectin, with characteristics of low price, non-toxic and good polymerization, is an ideal material for active food packaging. This review offers the current state of studies on pectin-based active packaging. Three different film formation methods were critically summarized. Physical properties of pectin-based packaging were systemically characterized regarding various pectin structural conformation. Furthermore, preservation behaviors and related mechanisms were fully illustrated to exhibit the outstanding advantages of pectin-based active packaging in food preservation. Pectin-based active packaging can be developed in either wet or dry processes. Wet process contains casting method leading to compact surface morphology and spraying method requiring specialized equipment, while dry process mainly refers to extrusion method with higher efficiency and meets the needs at commercial production. Physical properties of packaging including mechanical, hydrophobic and thermal characteristics are enhanced by modification of pectin conformation or incorporation with bio-polymers, overcoming the weaknesses of pure pectin packaging, such as thermal instability and strong hydrophilicity. After being functionalized with active compounds, pectin-based packaging with great antimicrobial, antioxidant and barrier properties is quite suitable for food preservation. Pectin-based packaging has great advantages to extend shelf-life of food by retarding lipid oxidation, inhibiting microbial growth, controlling water movement, etc. As a result, pectin-based active packaging with great physical and functional properties, has promising prospects in food preservation. • The main methods of pectin packaging preparation are casting, spraying and extrusion. • Film physical and functional properties are modified by incorporating other polymers. • Pectin active packaging can maintain quality and extend shelf-life of packaged food. • Pectin conformation exerts influences on film properties and preservation behaviors. • Pectin-based active packaging has a promising prospect in food packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Great attentions have been paid on the safety and quality of food products, leading to emerging innovations in food packaging industry. The natural colorants with eco-friendly and multi-functional properties are widely integrated into packaging films. And the natural colorant-based film can not only protect food from surrounding environment, but also behave indicator and active functions as a promising component for novel food packaging. This review provides a thoroughly insight into recent advances in natural colorant-based food packaging. Main 7 kinds of natural pigments were critically summarized. The molecular interaction between natural colorants and bio-polymers was investigated. Meanwhile, the influences of molecular interaction on physical and functional properties of natural colorant-based films were clearly discussed. Additionally, the applications of natural colorant-based film in terms of indicator and active food packaging were systematically summed. Furthermore, the major bottlenecks and future prospects were also illustrated for the further application of natural colorant-based film. The molecular interactions which were varied due to different charged natures of natural colorants, exerted significant influences on film physical properties, including structural, mechanical, hydrophobic, thermal and oxygen permeability properties. The natural colorant-based film which exhibited great pH-responsive, active and barrier characteristics, was suitable for the freshness monitoring and maintenance of food products, being regarded as indicator and active food packaging. Nevertheless, further studies focusing on the stabilization modification of colorants as well as the commercial production method of natural colorant-based films are critically needed. [Display omitted] • Indicator and active packaging have been prepared by incorporating natural colorants. • Molecular interactions affect both film physical and functional properties. • Natural colorant-based film can be applied as potential indicator. • Natural colorant-based film has the ability to maintain food quality. • Natural colorant-based film has a promising prospect in food packaging industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

pH-sensitive and antibacterial films based on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/nano-ZnO (CPZ) containing anthocyanins extracted from purple potato (PPE) or roselle (RE) were developed. When incorporated with PPE or RE, the moisture contents and flexibility of film significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while mechanical resistance of film was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). Water vapor permeability (WVP) of film was slightly influenced by the addition of PPE or RE (P > 0.05). CPZ-RE film exhibited darker color and lower light transmittance than CPZ-PPE film at the same incorporation level. CPZ-PPE and CPZ-RE films exhibited distinguishable color changes in different pH buffer solutions. CPZ-PPE films exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus than CPZ-RE films. Moreover, film could effectively monitor spoilage degree of shrimp when film changed from purple to light-green. Our results suggested CPZ-PPE and CPZ-RE films have promising potential as active and smart packaging materials for applications in food industry. • PPE or RE was added into chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/nano-ZnO (CPZ) film. • PPE or RE could enhance the mechanical resistance of CPZ film. • CPZ-RE film exhibited darker color and lower light transmittance than CPZ-PPE film. • CPZ-PPE films exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than CPZ-RE films. • CPZ-PPE II film could effectively monitor shrimp freshness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A SWATH-MS-based proteomics was used for origin tracing of A. japonicas products. • Comparative protein quantitation was performed using UHPLC-QTOF platform. • Geographical origin was determined by OPLS-DA modeling. • Seventeen proteins were proposed as potential biomarkers. Abstract The article reports on discrimination of dried sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus) products from different geographical regions in China (Xiapu, Jiaonan, Weihai, Yantai, Dalian). For this purpose, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS)-based proteomic analysis combined with chemometrics was evaluated. Proteome variations of A. japonicus samples determined by SWATH-MS using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer were mined by chemometric tools to clarify the correlation between protein quantitation data and geographical origin. A differentiating OPLS-DA model was constructed with 55 SWATH-MS quantified proteins. A. japonicus samples from five locations were clearly classified by the developed OPLS-DA model and 100% prediction accuracy was achieved in validation testing as well as real-life sample analysis. Seventeen proteins were identified as discriminatory biomarkers allowing geographical provenance. The proposed method might be applied in origin authentication of commercially dried A. japonicus products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]