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• Protein isolates (pcRPIs) and lipids (pcRLs) of large yellow croaker roes were extracted simultaneously. • The purity of pcRPIs was greater than 70% with vitellogenin, vitellogenin B and vitellogenin C as main proteins. • pcRLs were mainly composed of triglyceride with high level of EPA and DHA content. • pcRPIs exhibited better physicochemical and functional properties than pcR. • pcRPIs had the better oil holding capacity and emulsifying abilities than soy protein isolate. The objective of this study was to simultaneously obtain protein isolates and lipids from the dried powder of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) roes (pcRs) to achieve high-value utilization. Protein isolates and lipids were extracted simultaneously from pcRs by saline and acidic solutions. The purity of the protein isolates from the pcRs (pcRPIs) was greater than 70%, with vitellogenin, vitellogenin B and vitellogenin C as the main proteins. The lipids from pcRs (pcRLs) were mainly composed of triglycerides with high levels of EPA and DHA. The pcRPIs exhibited a higher surface hydrophobicity, water/oil holding capacity and emulsifying ability than those of the pcRs. Moreover, pcRPIs had a better oil holding capacity and emulsifying ability than soy protein isolate. These results suggest that protein isolates and lipids can be simultaneously extracted by saline and acidic solutions, and pcRPIs and pcRLs can be used as functional materials in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]