1. Towards a modern definition of vitamin E—evidence for a quinone hypothesis
- Author
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Shrader, William D., Amagata, Akiko, Barnes, Adam, Hinman, Andrew, Jankowski, Orion, Lee, Edgar, Kheifets, Viktoria, Komatsuzaki, Ryo, Mollard, Paul, Murase, Katsuyuki, Rioux, Patrice, Wesson, Kieron, and Miller, Guy
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QUINONE , *THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin E , *OXIDATIVE stress , *PHARMACOKINETICS , *OXIDATION-reduction reaction , *BIOAVAILABILITY - Abstract
Abstract: We report on the synthesis, biological and pharmacological activity of the tocoquinone natural product, α-tocopherol quinone (ATQ); an oxidative metabolite of α-tocopherol. ATQ is a potent cellular protectant against oxidative stress, whose biological activity is dependent upon its ability to undergo reversible two-electron redox cycling. ATQ is orally bioavailable, with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and has demonstrated a beneficial clinical response in patients with Friedreich’s ataxia. ATQ is a member of a broader class of vitamin E derived quinone metabolites which may be ascribable in whole or in part to the activity of vitamin E. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
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