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Aims: Several health benefits are contributed to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). The polyphenol fraction of EVOO may be responsible for its cardioprotective impacts. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of EVOO intake on glycemic parameters. Electronic literature searched through 1 September 2020 across MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases to find all clinical trials that reported the effect of EVOO intake on glycemic parameters [FBS(fasting blood glucose), insulin, HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) and HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin A1c)] vs. control.Data Synthesis: We pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran Q-statistic and quantified (I2). We found 13 related trials comprising a total of 633 subjects. In pooled analysis, EVOO intake had no effect on FBS (SMD: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.20, 0.07; I2 = 0.0%), insulin (SMD: -0.32; 95% CI: -0.70, 0.06; I2 = 38.0%), and HOMA-IR (SMD: -0.32; 95% CI: -0.75, 0.10; I2 = 51.0%). However, a decreasing trend was observed in these effects. Subgroup analysis based on age, health status, dose, and EVOO intake duration also did not significantly change results.Conclusion: Although EVOO seems a promising hypoglycemic effects, we did not find any significant evidence that EVOO consumption impacts glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, well-designed RCTs with longer durations are still needed to evaluate the EVOO's efficacy on glycemic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the main risk factors for several chronic diseases. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) contain many antioxidants and may contribute to managing OS. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impacts of the DASH diet on OS parameters. A comprehensive electronic search in MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed through September 2020 to find related studies evaluating the impact of the DASH diet on OS parameters. Standardized mean differences were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Eight studies with a total of 317 subjects met our inclusion criteria. Four studies included in meta-analysis model with 200 participants (100 in treatment and 100 in control group). The DASH diet was associated with a statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: −0.53; 95% CI: −0.89, −0.16; I2 = 42.1%), and a significant increase in glutathione (GSH) (SMD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.03; I2 = 42.1%). Meta-analysis found no statistically significant effect of DASH diet on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: −1.40; 95% CI: −0.12, 1.93; I2 = 92.6%) or total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels (SMD: 0.95; 95% CI: −0.10, 1.99; I2 = 87.6%). Our results demonstrated that a DASH diet could significantly increase GSH and decrease MDA levels. Furthermore, there is a trend to improve TAC, NO, and f2-isoprostanes by the adherence to the DASH diet. However, long-term, large sample size and well-designed randomized clinical trials are still needed to draw concrete conclusions about DASH diet's effects on OS parameters. • DASH diet could significantly increase glutathione levels. • DASH diet could decrease lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. • The DASH diet can improve the antioxidant defense of the body and decrease oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of combined omega-3 FAs and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress (OS) has been evaluated in several studies. However the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the role of omega-3 FAplus vitamin E on anti-oxidant and OS parameters. We searched five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from inception until March 15th 2018 for RCT covering OS parameters combined with omega-3 FAs and vitamin E. The effect of omega-3 FAs plus vitamin E combination on OS factors was determined as the standardized mean difference (SMD) calculated according to DerSimonian and Laird for the random effects model. Nine articles were included in our analyses, significant improvements were observed in trials supplementing with omega-3 FAs plus vitamin E vs placebo for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD=0.63, 95%CI: 0.31 to 0.95, P<0.001) and nitric oxide (NO) (SMD=0.55, 95%CI: 0.23 to 0.87, P<0.001). Significant reduction was observed for malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: −0.48, 95%CI: −0.68 to −0.28, P<0.001). However, the results of meta-analysis did not show a significant difference in levels of glutathione (GSH) (SMD=0.34, 95%CI: −0.07 to 0.75, P=0.10), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (SMD: 0.07, 95% CI: −0.58 to 0.73, P=0.82) and Catalase (CAT) activity (SMD: 0.74, 95% CI: −0.30 to 1.79, P=0.16). Co-supplementation with omega-3 FAs and vitamin E increases the levels of NO and TAC, while MDA levels decrease compared to placebo. However, the results showed no significant alterations on GSH concentrations, CAT, and SOD activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin is a biologically active phytochemical ingredient found in turmeric and has antioxidant pharmacologic actions that may benefit patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The aim in this trial was to evaluate the efficacy of curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress enzymes, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) gene expression in PCOS patients. Seventy-two patients with PCOS were recruited for this randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Thirty-six patients received curcumin, 1500 mg (three times per day), and 36 patients received placebo for 3 months. Gene expression of SIRT1, PGC1α and serum activity of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were evaluated at the beginning of trial and at 3-month follow-up. Sixty-seven patients with PCOS completed the trial. Curcumin supplementation significantly increased gene expression of PGC1α (p = 0.011) and activity of the Gpx enzyme (p = 0.045). Curcumin also non-significantly increased gene expression of SIRT1 and activity of the SOD enzyme. Curcumin seems to be an efficient reducer of oxidative stress related complications in patients with PCOS. Further studies on curcumin should strengthen our findings. • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease. • Oxidative stress and imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants correlate with PCOS complications. • Curcumin is a potent antioxidant in turmeric and it has been proved to impact the expression of antioxidant related genes. • Curcumin can improve body antioxidant enzymes by impacting related gene expression in patients with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients that characterized as the first symptoms. Ellagic acid is a natural polyphenol that may have neuroprotective properties through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Ellagic acid on circulating levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interferon-γ (IFN-ƴ), nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), cortisol, serotonergic system, and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) gene expression in MS patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms. A randomized triple-blind clinical trial. The eligible patients according to the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups: either 180 mg Ellagic acid (Axenic company) (n = 25) or 180 mg maltodextrin (n = 25) group for 12 weeks. The Ellagic acid supplement were identical to placebo in shape, color and odor. Serum BDNF, NO, Nrf2, cortisol, serotonin, and IFN-ƴ were measured by ELISA kit in the baseline and end of the study. Also, demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, food intake, Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and expanding disability status scale (EDSS) questionnaires, as well as IDO gene expression were assessed. SPSS software version 24 was used for statistical analysis. Fifty patients were evaluated, and a significant decrease in BDI-II (p = 0.001), IFN-ƴ (p = 0.001), NO (p = 0.004), cortisol (p = 0.015), IDO gene expression (p = 0.001) and as well as increased the level of BDNF (p = 0.006) and serotonin (p = 0.019) was observed among those who received 90 mg Ellagic acid twice a day for 12 weeks versus control group. However, there were no significant differences between groups for Nrf2 levels (p>0.05) at the end of study. The current study indicates that Ellagic acid intervention has a favorable effect on depression in MS patients. This is achieved by reducing BDI-II scores, as well as levels of NO, cortisol, IFN-ƴ, and IDO gene expression. Furthermore, we found a significant elevation in circulating levels of BDNF and serotonin. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several cohort and case–control studies examined the association between fat mass (FM) and the risk of breast cancer; however, findings are conflicting. The purpose of the present study was to systematically review this association and conducted a meta-analysis, if possible. A systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases was conducted for cohort and case–control studies, between January 2000 and 31 March 2018 with no language limitations. Multivariate adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each category of FM were pooled to examine the association. Finally, 12 papers were considered for quantitative synthesis. The pooled RR for the highest vs. the lowest FM (%) of cohort studies was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.33, 1.56; I2: 63.3%, p = 0.008). The overall effect size for adjusted case–control studies showed no significant association (1.49, 95% CI: 0.77, 2.90; I2: 93.2%; p = 0.001). After stratification by menopause, it was revealed that the association between FM and the risk of breast cancer in post menopausal women (2.29, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.68; I2: 92%, p = 0.0001) was significant, while there was no significant association in pre-menopausal women (0.68, 95% CI: 0.18, 2.58; I2: 81.3%; p = 0.02). Cohort studies showed that higher FM is positively associated with the risk for breast cancer. However, only case–control studies on post-menopausal women showed a positive link. Due to limited studies and high heterogeneity, findings should be interpreted with caution. More cohort studies are needed to clarify this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological evidence suggests that melatonin has some effects on the serum lipid. However, these results are controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effect of melatonin supplement on dyslipidemia and anthropometric indices. We searched electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library up to Des 2018 without any language restriction. To compare the effects of melatonin with placebo, differences in standardized means difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were pooled using random effects model. Twelve trials including 641 participants included in meta-analysis finally. The dose of melatonin was reported at 0.8–30 mg. Comparing with the control group, melatonin may improve low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (−0.31 mmol/L, 95% CI (−0.61, 0.01), P = 0.049, I2 = 42%) and triglyceride (TG) level (SMD = −0.45 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.77, −0.13, P = 0.006, I2 = 47%). No significant effect of melatonin on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and anthropometric indices was found. The results of our systematic review and Meta-analyzes showed that supplementation of melatonin could be effective in improving lipid parameters and should be considered in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, although the effect of this supplement on anthropometric indices needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: There is some evidence regarding the positive effects of cinnamon on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, they are conflicting. In the present study, we aimed to systematically review the effects of cinnamon on glycemic status and anthropometric indices in patients with T2DM.Methods: Five electronic databases including PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Sciences, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched until 31 February 2018 with no language limitation. Randomized clinical trials that examined the effects of cinnamon on at least fasting blood sugar (FBS) were included. Other glycemic parameters and anthropometric indices were also extracted. A random effects model with DerSimonian and Laird method was used for pooling the effect sizes.Results: Finally, 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Supplementation with cinnamon reduced FBS by -19.26 mg/dL (95% CI: -28.08, -10.45; I2:96.5%; p = 0.0001) compared to placebo. However, the effects of cinnamon on HbA1C (-0.24%; 95% CI: -0.48, -0.01; I2: 76.8%, p = 0.0001), body weight (-0.46, 95%CI: -1.87, 2.30; I2:0%; p = 0.79), body mass index (WMD: -0.05 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.52, 0.42; I2: 0%; p = 0.91), and waist circumference (WMD: -0.53 cm; 95% CI: -3.96, 2.81; I2: 0%; p = 0.66) were not significant. Additionally, cinnamon did not change the serum levels of insulin and insulin resistance significantly.Conclusion: Supplementation with cinnamon can reduce serum levels of glucose with no changes in other glycemic parameters and anthropometric indices. However, due to high heterogeneity findings should be interpreted with great caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyslipidemia is linked to chronic inflammation, which in return leads to a set of chronic disorders. Omega-3 fatty acids have been reported to reduce inflammation. Furthermore, Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementations may be more effective than the single supplementation in control dyslipidemia. Therefore, we designed and conducted the current systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of co-supplementation of vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids on the lipid profile. A comprehensive search for studies published between January 1990 and July 2018 was performed. The initial search extracted 3015 potentially relevant articles. After studying these publications, 9 RCTs were potentially eligible and retrieved in full text. The meta-analysis indicate that on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride individually did not show any significant difference between intervention and control groups, but vitamin E an omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementations significantly reduce VLDL levels. Based on the available evidence, omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin E co-supplementation can reduce VLDL, although its effect on other lipid profile parameters requires more well-designed studies. Image 1 • Dyslipidemia is linked to a set of disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease as well as cardiovascular diseases. • Omega 3 fatty acids include beneficial properties in preventing inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. • Vitamin E decreases lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo by breaking chain propagation. • Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acid co-supplementation is a good combination to gain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipokines are associated with several oxidative stress-related diseases and pathologic conditions. We aimed to assess the association between antioxidants and adipokines in obese adults. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 160 obese women were included. Body composition and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed by 3-day, 24-h dietary recall. Blood samples were obtained following an overnight fasting. Serum concentrations of adipokines including progranulin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and Angiopoietin-related growth factor 6 (ANGPTL6) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ANCOVA and the linear regression model analysis was performed to assess the relationship between Progranulin, RBP4, AnGPTL6, and antioxidants. Mean age of included women was 39.31 ± 12.10. Mean and standard deviation for BMI was 35.05 ± 4.26 in this obese population. There was a positive significant association between ANGPTL6 and vitamin D intake (p < 0.001). Also, there was a marginal association between RBP4 and vitamin A (p = 0.063) intake, but after adjustment age, and fat mass, we found a significant association (p = 0.008). However, the associations between dietary antioxidants, progranulin, and ANGPTL6 were not statistically significant. ANGPTL6 and RBP4 levels directly associated with dietary vitamins D and A intake, respectively. But, according to the results, the association between ANGPTL6 and vitamin D was bidirectional. The suggested associations probably can be useful in the development of interventional studies for management of chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the prominent cause of mortality worldwide. Hypercholesterolemia is a chief risk factor for the progress of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) such as herbal interventions has received much attention in literature. Rhus Coriaria (RC) with the general name Sumac is a medicinal spice, especially in Middle Eastern countries which is well known as an anti-lipid spice. This study aimed to summarize the existing findings regarding the effect of RC on the lipid profile. In this review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of RC on blood lipids were included. Electronic searches using the MeSH terms were conducted in the following databases: Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library. The effect of RC on serum lipid concentration were measured as standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by the random-effects model. The initial search extracted 119 potentially relevant articles. After studying these publications, 4 were potentially eligible and retrieved in full text (four RCTs). Based on the results of the systematic review, RC has positive effects on different indices of the lipid profile including increasing Apo A-I and HDL; decreasing Apo B, Apo B/ Apo A1 ratio, total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride. However the meta-analysis conducted on three studies on total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride individually did not show any significant difference between intervention and control groups. No definite conclusion could be made on the effect of RC on serum blood lipids due to lack of sufficient clinical trials and variable inconsistency. Future trials with desirable designs that would eliminate the limitations in the current evidence are needed before conclusive claims can be made about the effect of RC on the lipid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis is a sticky, resinous substance produced by bees by mixing saliva and beeswax with substances obtained from plant parts, buds, and exudates. It has been reported that propolis has anti-oxidative properties that could help in the treatment of chronic diseases. This systematic review aims to summarize the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which assessed the antioxidant effects of propolis. PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were searched up to July 2020. RCTs that evaluated the effects of oral propolis supplementation on oxidative stress parameters were included. Six RCTs, totaling 364 participants were included in the systematic review. Propolis supplementation was shown to reduce biomarkers of oxidative stress, including carbonyls, malondialdehyde, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and markers of tissue damage, including lactate dehydrogenase and fructosamine. Propolis also increased serum levels of antioxidant factors, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, and increased serum total antioxidant capacity. Propolis can elicit antioxidant effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, infertile males, and healthy individuals. However, further studies are needed. The protocol of this systematic review was registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020203354). • In clinical studies, Propolis reduced oxidative stress markers in the human. • Clinical studies have shown that Propolis decreased markers of tissue damage. • In clinical studies, Propolis increased the serum level of antioxidant factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed a comprehensive search of medical bibliographic databases to identify interventional studies reporting the effect of probiotics (or synbiotics) supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress. Twenty seven articles that included 1363 subjects (709 cases and 699 controls) were included to our analyses. Oxidative stress parameters levels, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (0.31 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.13–0.50, P < 0.001), glutathione (GSH) (SMD: 0.44 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.26–0.62, P < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SMD: 0.48 U/mg, 95% CI: 0.16–0.81, P = 0.004) and nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: 0.57 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.19–0.94, P = 0.003) were higher in probiotics (or synbiotics) group compared to controls. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD = −0.45 μmol/L, 95%CI = −0.63 to −0.26, P < 0.001) level was lower than controls. Probiotics and synbiotic supplementation improve antioxidant resistance and increase the amount of antioxidant enzymes in the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Purslane is a traditional herbs which is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. • Purslane as an adjuvant therapy may improve inflammation and oxidative stress in NAFLD patients. • Effect of Purslane on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers needs more investigations. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most serious liver disease that influences nearly-one-quarter of the worldwide adult population. Although the main mechanism of NAFLD is complex, several events can cause its progression such as oxidative stress, and inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated useful effects of purslane intake on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in NAFLD patients. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of purslane intake on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease we designed this study. We designed a randomized double-blinded clinical trial, and 74 patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to intake either 300 mg purslane extract (n = 37) or placebo (n = 37) for 12 weeks. Outcome measures were nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ƙB), p65 nuclear activity, serum activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and NF-ƙB p65 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 22 and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of 74 randomized patients, 71 completed the study. The two groups were comparable at baseline. At the end of the study, a significant decrease of NF-ƙB p65 nuclear activity was observed in the purslane group compared to the placebo group at the end of the trial (P = 0.012). Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of NF-ƙB nuclear activity, serum adiponectin and GPx. Purslane intake as an adjuvant therapy might be a safe and useful to management of hyper inflammation in patients suffering from NAFLD. However, longer trials investigating different dosages in longer durations are needed to underpin these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following an increase in free radicals, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in human sperm may occur. Antioxidant components in medicinal herbs such as Nigella sativa (NS) have been indicated to improve spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. The aim of the present study was to conduct a systemic review summarizing the effects of NS on male infertility. A number of electronic databases were searched namely Pubmed, Science Direct, Google scholar and Springer from the period January 2000 until June 2014. Searching was limited to articles in the English language. Patents and abstracts from symposiums and congress were excluded because they contained insufficient information for evaluation and comparison with other studies. The outcome of this study indicated that NS can positively influence sperm parameters, semen, Leydig cells, reproductive organs and sexual hormones. The main potential mechanism is through the antioxidant properties of NS. Thymoquinone (TQ) and unsaturated fatty acids are the main antioxidant components of NS. NS and TQ derived from NS can improve male fertility parameters through promoting antioxidant defence. Although the findings of this review suggest that NS is a good candidate for male infertility treatment, there is insufficient evidence to make recommendations for its use as an adjunct therapy in infertile men. More clinical trials are recommended to demonstrate the efficacy of NS on male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Nigella sativa (NS) oil on glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, 72 volunteer subjects at Endocrinology Clinics of Kermanshah were recruited. Participants were patients aged 30–60 years old with T2DM. They were randomly divided into intervention (n = 36) and placebo groups (n = 36) and received 3 g/day (one three times a day) NS oil or sunflower soft gel capsules for 12 weeks. At baseline and at the end of the trial, anthropometric indices, dietary intake and biochemical parameters were measured. Sixty-seven patients completed the trial (intervention n = 34, placebo n = 33). Since the data analysis was based on intention-to-treat approach, all 72 subjects (36 in each group) were included for data analysis. Two groups were similar in the baseline characteristics. After the intervention, weight and body mass index decreased in the intervention group compared to the baseline, but it was not significant between the two groups. Dietary intake in both groups changed compared to baseline. Comparison of the two groups indicated that fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein–cholesterol changed significantly in intervention group compared to the placebo group ( p < 0.05, adjusted for confounder factors). Insulin level and insulin resistance decreased and high density lipoprotein–cholesterol increased in the intervention group, but after adjusting for confounder factors, they were not significant. Supplementation with NS oil can improve glycemic status and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current evidence indicated beneficial effects of some medicinal herbs on metabolic parameters. Nigella sativa is an example of herbs which can ameliorate metabolic factors in diabetes mellitus. Despite several narrative review studies on medicinal properties of NS, it seems that there is no systematic review to summarize effects of NS on glucose homoeostasis and lipid profile in diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the aim of present study was to review effects of N. sativa on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus.Methods: Pubmed, Science Direct, Google scholar and Springer databases were searched from 1995 till January 2014. Key words were included: N. sativa, black seed, diabetes, glucose level, lipid and insulin. Searching was limited to articles with English language. Review articles, case reports, abstract in symposium and congress, studies on N. sativa mixed with other plants were excluded. Based on critically appraise, eligibility of included articles were evaluated.Results: Finally 19 eligible articles (2 human trials, 14 animal models and 3 in vivo/in vitro studies) were selected. They indicated that N. sativa can modulate hyperglycemia and lipid profile dysfunction with various potential mechanisms including its antioxidant characteristics and effects on insulin secretion, glucose absorption, gluconeogenesis and gene expression. Some studies compared effects of various types (extract, oil, powdered) of N. sativa with each other and they reported different characteristics with various types of black seed.Conclusion: N. sativa can improve glycemic status and lipid profile in diabetes models. However, more clinical trials are necessary to clarify beneficial effects of N. sativa, its effective type and dosage for diabetes management and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Chromium is a trace element present in many food sources. • There is a growing body of literature reporting the effect of chromium on oxidative stress parameters. • Chromium supplementation significantly increases GSH and TAC levels. • Chromium intake significantly decreases MDA levels. Trivalent chromium is a trace element thought to have a beneficial effect on oxidative stress (OS) parameters and inflammation. This review aimed to investigate the dose-response of chromium and summarize the effects of chromium supplementation on OS parameters in the literature. MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for RCTs published from inception to January 2021 evaluating the effect of chromium supplementation on OS parameters, namely MDA, TBARS, SOD, TAS, CAT, GPx, and GSH. A random-effects model was used to pool data and calculated standard mean difference and 95 % confidence intervals. Quantified heterogeneity among studies was assessed through Cochrane's I2 values. Nine studies enrolling 550 participants met the inclusion criteria. The obtained results indicate that chromium supplementation significantly increases TAC (SMD: 0.46; 95 % CI: 0.08, 0.84; I2 = 00.0 % n = 2) and significantly decreases MDA levels (SMD: −0.46; 95 % CI: −0.86, -0.07; I2 = 52.4 % n = 5). Supplementation did not significantly change CAT, GPx, GSH, SOD, TAS, and TBARS. Chromium supplementation may improve OS parameters, however, due to high heterogeneity observed in the included studies, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Large RCTs on various patient groups evaluating the impact of chromium supplementation are needed to allow an adequate generalization of the benefits of chromium on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been recognized as a strong dietary antioxidant. • ALA consumption significantly decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA). • ALA supplementation is a good choice to control lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and its effect in reducing reactive oxygen species has been demonstrated in primary studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on oxidative stress (OS) parameters. We performed a comprehensive search in major electronic databases. A random-effects model was used to pool data and calculated standard mean difference and 95% confidence intervals. Fifteen studies were included in the meta-analyses. The outcomes of this meta-analysis indicated that ALA consumption significantly decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compare to control group. We found no significant effect of ALA supplementation on other antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress parameters. Overall, the present meta-analysis indicated that ALA supplementation might lead to an amelioration in lipid peroxidation. It can be recommended that the use of ALA supplementation in < 800 mg/day is a good choice to control lipid peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Omega-3 fatty acid (FAs) oral intake is beneficial in regulating gene expression of cardiometabolic factors. • Omega-3 FA intake significantly up-regulates gene expression of the PPAR-gamma. • Omega-3 FA intake significantly down-regulates gene expression of LDLR and IL-1. There is growing evidence of the beneficial health effects of omega-3 fatty acid (FAs) supplementation on gene expression of metabolic factors, but a summation of outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking. Our aim was to investigate the state of the evidence on the potential impacts of omega-3 FA oral intake on gene expression of factors related to inflammation and oxidative stress (IL-1, IL-8, Sirt-1 and TNF-α) and cardiometabolic parameters (LDLR, PPAR-gamma, adiponectin, Lp(a), and GLUT-1). Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until December 2020. RCTs which evaluated the effect of oral intake of omega-3 FA on gene expression of cardiometabolic risk factors were included. Data were extracted using STATA software and analyzed using a random effect model. The effect size is given in a standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The quality of the included RCTs was assessed by Cochrane tool and almost all studies had a fair quality. Thirteen trials were included in this systematic review. Current analysis indicated that omega-3 FA intake significantly up-regulated the PPAR-gamma (SMD: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.48; I2 = 73.9%) and down-regulation of LDLR (SMD: −0.75; 95% CI: −0.38, −0.13; I2 = 77.8%) and IL-1(SMD: −0.89; 95% CI: −1.24, −0.54; I2 = 00.0%). However, these outcomes also indicate that omega-3 FA intake has no significant effect on the gene expression of adiponectin, GLUT-1, Lp(a), IL-8, Sirt-1 and TNF-α. This analysis suggests that omega-3 FA intake may improve gene expression of PPAR-gamma, LDLR and IL-1. However, large well-designed, and long-duration RCTs are still required to clarify the effect of omega-3 FA intake on the expression of critical factors related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic parameters codifying genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed the beneficial effects of sumac (Rhus coriaria) on cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the entirety of the evidence has yet to be summarized in a systematic review.Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of sumac on several cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with MetS and related disorders.Methods: We reviewed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane CENTRAL for RCTs published from inception to December 2020 evaluating the impact of sumac in adults with MetS or related disorders. Outcome measures included anthropometric measures, glycemic indices, blood lipids, blood pressure and liver enzymes. Pooled effect sizes were reported as standard mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Trials were pooled using a random effects model.Results: Nine studies enrolling 526 participants met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. Our results indicate that sumac intake significantly decrease fasting blood sugar (FBS) (SMD: -0.28; 95% CI: -0.54, -0.02; I2 = 00.0%), insulin (SMD: -0.67; 95% CI: -0.99, -0.36; I2 = 03.7%), and insulin resistance (measured through the Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)) (SMD: -0.79; 95% CI: -1.24, -0.34; I2 = 50.1%). Sumac intake did not have a significant impact on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT).Conclusion: Sumac, as an adjuvant therapy, may decrease serum levels of FBS, insulin and HOMA-IR. However, due to high heterogeneity in the included studies, these findings must be interpreted with great caution. Larger, well-designed placebo-controlled clinical trials are still needed to further evaluate the capacity of sumac as a complementary treatment to control MetS risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Curcumin is a biologically active phytochemical ingredient found in turmeric. It has several pharmacologic effects that might benefit patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Objective: We hypothesized curcumin to be effective in improving blood sugar levels, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in individuals with PCOS.Methods: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, individuals with PCOS were treated with curcumin (500 mg three times daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. Primary outcome measures were fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FI), sex hormone levels, and hirsutism (Ferriman-Gallwey [mFG] score). Secondary outcomes included anthropometric measurements.Results: Of 72 randomized individuals, 67 completed the trial. The two groups were comparable at baseline. At the end of the study, FPG and Dehydroepiandrosterone levels had decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to control (difference of change (post-pre) between intervention and placebo groups: -4.11 mg/dL; 95% CI: -8.35, -0.35 mg/dL; p = 0.033 and -26.53 microg/dL; 95% CI: -47.99, -4.34 µg/dL; p = 0.035, respectively). We also observed a statistically non-significant increase (p = 0.082) in Estradiol levels in the intervention group compared to control. No serious adverse events were reported throughout the trial.Conclusions: Curcumin might be a safe and useful supplement to ameliorate PCOS-associated hyperandrogenemia and hyperglycemia. However, longer trials investigating different dosages in longer durations are needed to underpin these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets are emerging in popularity. Several athletics have adopted LCHF diets in an attempt to improve exercise performance and body composition by enhancing fat utilization. However, these diets impair maximal and supramaximal exercise performance due to limited glycogen stores as well as increasing ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). All of these factors may impact training volume and compliance, leading to less optimal training adaptations over time. In contrast, LCHF diets is an effective strategy for weight and fat mass loss and is beneficial for a variety of metabolic processes. One potential nutritional strategy to off-set the negative aspects of a LCHF is creatine (Cr). Creatine supplementation has been shown to increase muscle power output and reduce the rate of fatigue; thereby allowing individuals to work at a higher intensity for a greater duration. Furthermore, Cr supplementation may positively enhance body composition (gains in muscle mass and possibly aid in fat mass loss). Despite the popularity of both LCHF and creatine supplementation, there is no data available investigating the effects of Cr supplementation on exercise performance and body composition during LCHF diets in humans. We would hypothesize that Cr supplementation may augment exercise performance (anerobic power and strength) during a LCHF diet compared to a LCHF diet and placebo. In addition, combining Cr with a LCHF diet would further increase body fat loss and improve body composition compared to a LCHF diet and/or low-fat diets (LFDs) placebo. Our hypotheses would be under the assumption that total caloric intake and protein intake are matched. Future research is warranted to examine chronic exercise with LCHF diets with and without creatine and compare performance and body composition changes to high carbohydrate diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Data obtained from 6 studies with 342 children and adolescents participants were meta-analyzed. • Evidence of the limited number of published trials does not show that omega-3 FAs supplementation changes anthropometric indices in children. • Further large-scale trials with sufficient sample size in children is needed to clarify the effects of omega-3 FAs on anthropometric measures. • Background Childhood obesity is a major public health problem with a global prevalence greater than 23 %. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) supplementation may improve anthropometric indices by increased energy expenditure, attenuated appetite, elevated adiponectin levels, though current evidence is still inconclusive. • Objective The aim of this systematic review was to conduct the first comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the association between omega-3 FAs supplementation and anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. • Methods We performed an extensive online database search of the published literature using the SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases from the index date through April 2019. Six studies met inclusion criteria. Changes in anthropometric indices (weight, BMI and waist circumference) were extracted from each article. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by calculating the I2 statistic. We used the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidence interval. The meta-analysis was performed based on a random effects model. • Results This meta-analysis demonstrated that omega-3 FAs supplementation had no effect on reducing body weight (SMD = -0.00, 95 % CI -0.26 to 0.25), BMI (SMD = -0.07, 95 % CI -0.32 to 0.17) and waist circumference (SMD = -0.16, 95 % CI -0.51 to 0.19). • Conclusions Omega-3 FAs supplementation did not change anthropometric indices in children and adolescents. Further large-scale studies with larger sample sizes in children and adolescents are needed to clarify the effects of omega-3 FAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. • Probiotics have been shown to have beneficial effects in some GI disorders. • Lactobacillus strains, may have beneficial effects on H. pylori -associated FD-like symptoms. • This review suggested that probiotics could improve GI dyspeptic symptoms in patients with FD. The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD) remains poorly understood, but alterations of the small intestinal microbiome have been observed. The place of probiotics in treatment is uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the currently available randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the potential beneficial effects and risks of probiotics in FD. Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched (up to May 2019) for RCTs evaluating the effects of probiotic supplementation compared to placebo in adults with FD. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility, trial quality and extracted information from identified articles. To compare the effects of probiotics with placebo, risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random effects models. Six trials, including 422 participants were included but only three RCTs could be included in the meta-analysis. Lactobacillus strains showed potential positive effects in terms of improving upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with FD. Probiotic supplementation tended to improve global dyspepsia score (n = 3 RCTs, risk ratio [RR]: 1.35, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.84; P = 0.061) and bacterial composition in the GI tract. Probiotics were well tolerated without any serious adverse events. While the available data suggest that supplementation with probiotics may improve GI symptoms in patients with FD, the evidence is insufficient to draw clear conclusions regarding efficacy. Thus, high-quality RCTs are needed to establish the beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation on FD outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pomegranate contains remarkable amounts of phenolic ingredients and it has been related to the antioxidant capacity of this fruit. Several primary studies show that pomegranate intake can improve antioxidant status. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis consisted in investigating the effect of pomegranate on oxidative stress (OS) parameters.Methods: A comprehensive electronic database search in Scopus, Web of science, Embase, Cochrane library and Medline was performed to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A meta-analysis of included studies was performed on selected variables using a random-effects model. Quality assessment was conducted by means of Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.Results: Systematic search yielded 575 references. A total of 11 RCTs reporting data from 484 participants included. Meta-analysis of data from 11 included RCTs did not support convincing evidence as to a significant increasing effect of pomegranate intake in TAC (SMD: 0.43 ; 95 %CI: -0.19, 1.06), Gpx (SMD: 0.18, 95 % CI: -0.25, 0.62, p = 0.4) and paraxonase (SMD: 0.36, 95 % CI: -0.50, 1.22, p= 0.41) as well as not significant decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: -0.81, 95 % CI: -1.79, 0.09, P = 0.08).Conclusion: Future well-designed clinical trials are needed before definite conclusive claims can be made about the effect of pomegranate on OS parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin is a bioactive ingredient found in the Rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Curcumin is well known for its chemopreventive and anti-cancer properties. Recent findings have demonstrated several pharmacological and biological impacts of curcumin, related to the control and the management of gastrointestinal cancers. Mechanistically, curcumin exerts its biological impacts via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through the interaction with various transcription factors and signaling molecules. Moreover, epigenetic modulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been revealed as novel targets of curcumin. Curcumin was discovered to regulate the expression of numerous pathogenic miRNAs in gastric, colorectal, esophageal and liver cancers. The present systematic review was performed to identify miRNAs that are modulated by curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers. [Display omitted] • Curcumin is a bioactive ingredient that found to be effective in management of cancer. • MiRNAs, play multiple cellular functions in cancer such as cell growth, proliferation and tissue development. • Several beneficial effect of curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers conducted through its effect on miRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D and calcium insufficiency has been related to elevated blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effect of calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation on BP. A systematic search was conducted of electronic databases, including Web of Sciences, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, along with searches of gray literature and reference lists from included trials. There were no language restrictions, and the databases were searched from inception to October 2019. Randomized controlled trials, using calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation and reporting mean systolic BP and/or diastolic BP (DBP) with SDs, were included in the systematic review. Articles were evaluated independently by 2 researchers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A random effects model was conducted to synthesize the data. Eight trials were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of these 8 trials indicated a nonsignificant reduction in systolic BP in the calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation group compared with control (standardized mean difference, −0.23; 95% CI, −0.52 to 0.06). Conversely, there was a statistically significant decrease in DBP (standardized mean difference, −0.29; 95% CI, −0.55 to −0.02). Subgroup analysis suggested that young adults achieve a greater reduction in DBP than other age groups. Calcium and vitamin D co-supplementation can modulate DBP and should be investigated more specifically in large, well-designed trials of hypertensive populations. (Clin Ther. 2020;42:XXX–XXX) © 2020 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) are thought to pose beneficial effects on inflammatory responses and oxidative stress (OS). Thus, the present systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to assess the net effects of CLA supplementation on various OS parameters and antioxidant enzymes. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for publications on CLA supplementation effects on OS parameters up to March 2021. The data extracted from eligible studies were expressed as standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals and then combined into meta-analysis using the random-effects model. Overall, 11 RCTs (enrolling 586 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were included in meta-analysis; however, since those trials evaluated different OS parameters, meta-analysis was carried out considering different sets for each parameter separately. According to our results, CLA supplementation significantly increases 8-iso-PGF 2α urinary concentration (SMD: 2; 95% CI: 0.74, 3.27; I2 = 87.7%). On contrary, the intervention does not seem to change 15-keto-dihydro-PGF 2α urinary concentration, nor the serum levels of CAT, SOD, GPx and MDA. Taken all together, CLA supplementation does not appear to have substantial effects on OS markers in general; albeit due to relatively small sample size and high level of heterogeneity between studies, the obtained findings should be interpreted with caution. Further large well-designed RCTs, investigating the impact of CLA and including various groups of patients, are still needed. [Display omitted] • CLA claimed to possess strong anti-oxidant capacity and can be used to prevent oxidative stress. • CLA supplementation increase 8-iso-PGF2α levels. • CLA supplementation seems not to have substantial effects on other oxidative stress markers in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from herbs, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation. • Acute pancreatitis triggering auto-degradation of pancreas accompanied by local and systemic inflammation. • Resveratrol seems to have several beneficial effects on Acute pancreatitis. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic ingredient extracted from herbs, suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation. We performed a comprehensive review to find any evidence about the effects of Resveratrol on acute pancreatitis (AP). Resveratrol has been found to directly impact cytokine generation. As these factors play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of AP, resveratrol might attenuate AP and its complications. Mechanistically, resveratrol exerts its pharmacological effects through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms via interaction with different signaling molecules and transcription factors. Indeed, resveratrol might prove to be an effective therapeutic component for AP treatment in the future. In this review, we shed light on potential most recent pathways through which resveratrol might impact the management and control of AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Oxidative stress (OS) signaling regulates miRNAs synthesis in GI cancers. • MiRNAs function as imperative molecular players in GI cancers. • There is interplay between miRNAs and OS signaling pathways in GI cancers. • Molecular cross-talking between miRNAs and the OS improves our insight into GI carcinogens. • Therapeutic strategies focusing on miRNA and OS may be delineated in GI cancers. Molecular mechanisms underlying development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are mediated by both oxidative stress (OS) and microRNAs (miRNAs) involvement. Notably, OS signaling may regulate the expression of miRNAs, and miRNAs function as imperative players in OS-initiated tumors. Given the defined biological roles of both OS systems and miRNAs in GI carcinogenesis, a possible interplay between these two key cellular networks is considered. A growing body of evidence has indicated a reciprocal connection between OS signaling pathways and miRNA regulatory machines in GI cancer development and progression. Illumination of the molecular cross-talking between miRNAs and the OS would improve our pathophysiological insight into carcinogens. Also, understanding the molecular mechanisms in which these systems are reciprocally regulated may imply in future medical practice mainly GI cancer therapy. Nowadays, therapeutic strategies focusing on miRNA and OS in GI cancer treatment are increasingly delineated. Since the use of antioxidants is limited owing to the contrasting consequences of OS signaling in cancer, the discovery of OS-responsive miRNAs may provide a potential new strategy to overcome OS-mediated GI carcinogenesis. Given the possible interaction between OS and miRNAs in GI cancers, this review aimed to elucidate the existing evidence on the interaction between OS and miRNA regulatory machinery and its role in GI carcinogenesis. In this regard, we will illustrate the function of miRNAs which target OS systems during homeostasis and tumorigenesis. We also discuss the biological cross-talk between OS systems and miRNAs and corresponding cell signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Soy products and isoflavones has been widely used as protein source and functional foods. • Soy products and isoflavones intake have been shown to exert antioxidant effects. • The results of our study show that soy products and isoflavones intake are effective in improving oxidative stress parameters. Soy products and isoflavones intake have been shown to exert antioxidant effects. There are several randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of soy products intake on oxidative stress (OS) parameters. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the results of RCTs evaluating the effect of soy products and isoflavones intake on OS parameters. Randomized trials that assessed the effect of soy products and isoflavones intake on OS parameters in adults were identified through searching in electronic databases: Cochrane clinical trial center, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences up to April 2020. Random effects model was used to calculate the effects sizes of soy intake on OS parameters. Twenty-four trials with 1,852 participants were eligible and were included in the meta-analysis which measured OS parameters. Soy intake compared to control group significantly reduced MDA levels (SMD: −0.53; 95% CI: −0.86, −0.19; I2 = 88.3%), increased GSH levels (SMD: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.88; I2 = 72.4%), SOD activity (SMD: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.99; I2 = 84.1%), TAC (SMD: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.82; I2 = 49.3%) and TRAP (SMD: 1.74; 95% CI: 0.82, 2.65; I2 = 81.3%) significantly compared to control group. Soy products and isoflavones intake are effective in improving OS parameters in adults compared with controls; thus, it could be a valuable advise to control OS progress in chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]