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Abstract: Ghrelin is a multi-functional peptide hormone that affects a range of processes, including growth hormone and insulin release, appetite regulation, reproduction, and cancer cell proliferation. The main focus of this review is to advance the hypothesis that the ghrelin gene locus encodes an array of biologically active molecules in addition to ghrelin and is far more complex than currently appreciated. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative post-translational cleavages sites may give rise to novel ghrelin gene-derived peptides that potentially act through different receptors and have novel biological functions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ghrelin is a recently identified 28 amino acid peptide capable of stimulating pituitary growth hormone release in humans. The actions of ghrelin are mediated via the naturally occurring ghrelin receptor, also known as the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin and its receptors are now being recognized as components of the growth hormone axis and are therefore potentially involved in tissue growth and development. As is the case for other members of this axis, evidence is rapidly emerging to indicate that ghrelin/GHS-R may play an important autocrine/paracrine role in some cancers. This review highlights the evidence for the expression, regulation and potential functional role of ghrelin and its receptor in hormone-dependent cancers, such as prostate and breast cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]