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• A simple, polluting-free way to produce a weather-resistant, long-term effective coating. • The Reflectivity and emissivity of coating is 95.7 % and 99.08 %, and the net cooling powers is 53.2 W/m2 and 96 W/m2 during day and night, respectively. • With and without polyethylene film, the temperature was reduced to 6 °C and 4.5 °C below ambient, respectively. • The interior temperature of the sample house was 2.3 °C, 2.8 °C and 7 °C lower than that of the commercial paint, TiO 2 -FC paint, and blank house. Radiative cooling (RC) is an efficient cooling technology for the sustainable reduction of energy consumption. In this study, we have prepared a RC coating by embedding zirconia and silica aerogel in a water-based fluorocarbon (FC) resin. The highest solar reflectance is achieved by optimizing the pigment volume concentration, filler particle size, and coating thickness. The solar reflectance of the coating can reach 95.7 %, and the average broadband emissivity reaches 99.08 %. The coating is examined in a test device with and without polyethylene (PE) film, where its temperature becomes 6 and 4.5 °C lower than the ambient temperature, respectively. The coating with high emissivity achieves net cooling powers of 53.2 and 96 W/m2 during day and night, respectively. The prepared paint was applied to the roof of a wooden model house, and the indoor temperature of the paint was 2.3, 2.8, and 7 °C lower than that of the commercial paint, TiO 2 -FC paint, and blank house (without paint), respectively. The test results reveal that the coating has an excellent high-temperature resistance, ultraviolet aging resistance, and stain resistance, ensuring its long-term effectiveness. Furthermore, the simple preparation method of the coating and low emission of volatile organic components indicate its potential for large-scale practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid increase in the penetration of wind power in recent years, wind power ramp events (WPREs) have become the main factors affecting the safety and stability of electric power systems. Accurate detection of ramp events could help power systems better manage the extreme events and reduce economic losses. The previous ramp detection methods are either too complex to implement that influence the computing efficiency, or based on the value of points which cannot completely reflect the trend of data segments and lead to a decrease of accuracy. Based on the above problems and the on-site requirements, this paper proposes a novel improved dynamic swinging door algorithm (ImDSDA) to optimise the state-of-the-art in WPREs detection. Firstly, the swinging door algorithm (SDA) is used to extract ramp segments. Secondly, the dynamic programming method is used for ramp trend identification and segment combination. Finally, raw data obtained from three real-world wind farms in Hubei, China were applied to validate the performance of the proposed ImDSDA. The detection results show that the ImDSDA is more accurate and efficient than the traditional detection methods and could be a feasible option for WPRE detection in power systems. • A novel wind power ramp event detection algorithm is presented. • The algorithm is based on swing door algorithm(SDA) and sliding window(SW). • The optimal 'door width' of SDA is obtained. • The algorithm shows good performance both in accuracy and efficiency. • Enable auxiliary decision-making for power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is increasingly being considered as an effective solution for treating heavy-metal contaminated water. Surface modification of electrode materials with metal oxides is the key to yield high specific capacitance of transition metal oxides for enhancing the efficiency of CDI processes. In this study, we proposed a simple and effective strategy to produce a new, well-ordered Fe 2 O 3 @C composite for Pb2+ removal via CDI technology. Through controlling hydrofluoric acid-inducing solvothermal carbonization, Fe 2 O 3 dots were highly dispersed in carbonized substrates without using traditional high-temperature calcination. The products possessed regular octahedral morphology with a uniform distribution of α-Fe 2 O 3 in nearly quantum scale (∼20 nm) throughout the carbon matrixes. Compared with other similar materials, the well-dispersed Fe 2 O 3 in carbon matrixes significantly increased the surface areas (∼1832 m2 g−1) and specific capacitance (115.6 F g−1) of Fe 2 O 3 @C composites. Using the composites as electrodes, the Pb2+ adsorption capacity reached 830.17 mg g−1, which is 28% higher than reported materials. Furthermore, the composites electrode possess a high regeneration efficiency, after 10 cycles, 90.3% of the initial performance is still retained. Our study demonstrated great potential of the novel Fe 2 O 3 @C composites for the removal of heavy metal ions using CDI processes. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flow-through capacitive deionization (FT-CDI) is a promising technology for desalination due to its large-scale applicability and cost-effectiveness. However, binder-free monolithic carbon sponge (MCS) electrodes with robust structures, preferable permeability, and rapid electron transfer rate are desired to achieve high desalination performance. Herein, we developed a three-dimensional poly(m-phenylenediamine)@Fungi (PmPD@Fungi)-derived MCS (PMCS) by a simple strategy. The PmPD@Fungi monolithic sponge precursor was constructed using the cross-linked structure of fungi hypha as the skeleton based on its high aspect ratio. The NH 2 -rich PmPD layer served as a protective sheath and nitrogen source to be wrapped on the fungi surface by in situ polymerization. PMCS shows a superb CDI performance with an ion (Cl-) removal capacity of 11.82 mg g−1 due to its high-nitrogen content and optimized surface area, increasing by 162 % more than fungi-derived MCS (FMCS). Compared with FMCS, the electrical conductivity and compressive strength of PMCS were improved by 90 % and 27 %, respectively. The prepared PMCS electrode provides a promising alternative for FT-CDI towards future desalination technologies. • PMCS is a bind-free electrode readily prepared from the fungus suspension for CDI. • PmPD layer was a protective sheath to prevent rupture of hypha during calcination. • PMCS exhibits robust structure due to the support of PmPD-derived carbon layer. • The continuous and porous structure of PMCS enhances both electron and ion transfer. • PMCS with high N content shows a high desalination capacity of 11.82 mg Cl g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A star-shaped cross-linker of allyl-terminated PEG-functionalized POSS (POSS-PEG-Allyl) was synthesized. • Three POSS-PEG/PEG hydrogels with different solid contents were designed and developed through thiol-ene click reaction. • The mechanical strength and the degradation date can be adjusted by the solid content of the hybrid hydrogels. • The hybrid hydrogel has excellent cell compatibility which porous internal structure, which provide conditions for cell growth and proliferation. Tissue engineering provides therapeutic strategies for the loss or failure of human organs and tissues. As a three-dimensional biomaterial that simulates extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissue engineering, hydrogels have attracted much attention and been used as cell scaffolds. Herein, three POSS-PEG/PEG hydrogels with different solid contents were designed and developed through thiol-ene click reaction between a star-shaped cross-linker allyl-terminated poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized polyhedral oligosiloxane (POSS-PEG-Allyl) and poly(ethylene glycol)-dithiol (SH-PEG-SH). The chemical structures, microscopic morphologies, element distribution mapping, rheological properties, swelling properties, in vitro degradation and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels were further investigated. The results showed that the hybrid hydrogels contain a large amount of water, which can create a suitable water environment for cell growth. The mechanical strength of the hybrid hydrogels is improved by introducing POSS nanoparticles to the hydrogel system, and the ester groups in the cross-linker allow the hydrogel network can be biodegrade by hydrolytic cleavage. The mechanical strength and the degradation rate can be adjusted by the solid content of the hybrid hydrogels. Besides, the hybrid hydrogel has excellent cell compatibility and porous internal structure, which provide conditions for cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, it can be considered that the hybrid hydrogel has great application potential as a cell scaffold material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Free tyrosine acts as a reducing agent to remove ferryl hemoglobin. [•] Free tyrosine is also effective at preventing the formation of cytotoxic Hb-X. [•] 3-Chlorotyrosine with higher reducing activity exhibits stronger antioxidant property. [•] Tyrosine residues in HSA is related to the inhibition of heme redox cycling. [•] Tyrosine can protect against oxidative stress through ferryl heme reduction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A hybrid reinforced Al matrix composite (AMC) was prepared by hydrothermal carbonized deposition on chips (HTCDC) and a hot extrusion process. The microstructure, tensile strength, hardness and tribological properties of the (APC+B 4 C)/Al hybrid composites were investigated. The results reveal that nanosized B 4 C particulates (nano-B 4 C p) can be used as nucleation sites to facilitate nucleation and growth of amorphous carbon (APC) by encapsulating nano-B 4 C p. It was found that the strength of APC spheres formed by encapsulating nano-B 4 C p is higher than that of the original APC spheres. The dislocation density of the Al matrix increases in the conventional hot extrusion process because of the presence of nano-B 4 C p , which promotes recrystallisation nucleation. With increasing nano-B 4 C p content, the grain size of the Al matrix decreases from 18.80 µm to 8.62 µm. The strength and hardness of the (APC+B 4 C)/Al hybrid composites first increase and then decrease. For a nano-B 4 C p content of 3%, the (APC+B 4 C)/Al hybrid composite shows the highest strength and hardness of 95.8 ± 0.7 HV and 235.41 ± 1 MPa, respectively. The main reinforcement mechanisms for AMC were analysed, which include the grain refinement strengthening mechanism, the dislocation strengthening mechanism and the load transfer mechanism. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of the composites decrease with increasing nano-B 4 C p content from 0.41 and 2.87 × 10−5 mm3/(Nm) to 0.296 and 0.82 × 10−5 mm3/(Nm), respectively. The increased wear resistance is attributed to the increase in hardness of the composites and the formation of an APC lubricating film and oxide layer between the wear surfaces. • A novel (APC+B 4 C)/Al hybrid composite is successfully produced by a hydrothermal carbonized deposition on chips process. • Nano-B 4 C p can be well combined with the matrix by encapsulating and electrostatic adsorption of APC. • Nano-B 4 C p , as a nucleation site, can promote the nucleation and growth of APC spheres and reinforce APC spheres. • The main reinforcement mechanisms for strength and hardness of the (APC+B 4 C)/Al hybrid composites are analyzed. • The wear resistance of the (APC+B 4 C)/Al hybrid composite is improved mainly by the APC lubricating film and oxide film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N dopping can enhance the electrochemical efficiency of carbon materials, but the effect of N on the electrochemical-mediated removal of Cr(VI) has been mostly ignored. Here, we report highly porous N-doped carbon spheres for electrochemical-mediated removal of Cr(VI), and the role of N on Cr(VI) removal has been systematically investigated using both experimental evaluations and theoretical validation. Experimental findings revealed that the removal capacity of Cr(VI) reached 186.5 mg·g−1 with a removal rate of 100%. In addition, the underlying processes for the role of N species have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The result agrees with the findings from the experimental evaluations thus suggesting that the removal process of Cr(VI) was mainly distributed by pyridinic-N and oxidized-N. This study has demonstrated that the removal of Cr(VI) by N species forms a crucial part in the removal of Cr(VI) using N-doped carbon materials and offers a possible alternative approach for enhancing the removal efficiency of carbon materials. [Display omitted] • Carbon materials with varying N-doping contents were synthesized. • DFT calculations were the first to reveal the role of N doping in Cr(VI) removal. • Pyridine-N and oxidized-N are critical for Cr(VI) removal efficiency. • The removal capacity of Cr(VI) is 186.5 mg·g−1 and the removal rate is 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrostatic and complexation effects have been considered as the primary adsorption mechanisms for defluorination using aluminum based materials, while the effect of ion exchange between anions and fluorine ion has been mostly ignored, although synthesized alumina materials usually contain a large amount of anions, such as SO 4 2−, NO 3 −, and Cl−. In this study, the effect of anions exchanges and its key role on defluorination were systematically investigated for adsorption by aluminas loaded with various typical anions (SO 4 2−, NO 3 − and Cl−). Experimental results showed that SO 4 2-- loading alumina had the best defluorination performance (94.5 mg/g), much higher than NO 3 − (45.0 mg/g) and Cl− (19.1 mg/g). The contribution ratio of ion exchange between SO 4 2− and F− was as high as 20–60% in all potential defluorination mechanisms. By using Density Functional Theory calculation, the detailed mechanism revealed that the ion exchange process was mainly driven by the tridentate chelation of SO 4 2− which reduced the exchange energy (Δ F − − SO 4 2 − 4.8 eV). Our study clearly demonstrated that ion exchange between SO 4 2− and F− is a critical mechanism in defluorination using aluminum-based materials and provides a potential alternative method to enhance the adsorption performance of modified alumina. [Display omitted] • Alumina loaded with various typical anions was produced by hydrothermal. • The effect of various anions exchanges on defluorination were investigated. • Adsorption mechanism was first revealed by Density Functional Theory calculation. • The adsorption energy difference greatly affects the ion exchange effect. • The ion exchange effect of SO 4 2− is significantly higher than that of NO 3 − and Cl−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bauxite is robust with sufficient mechanical strength and naturally abundant. • Surfactants, oxidizing agents, acids, bases, and metals are used for modification. • Modification is the process of improving adsorbent's surface properties. • Modified bauxite have ordered and stable interlinked mesopores. • Fluoride sorption onto bauxite involves a physicochemical process. Fluoride has been reported as one of the major water pollutants with myriads of health implications when present in water beyond permissible limits (>1.5 mg L−1). While the adsorption technology of treating fluoridated water remains one of the best options, the choice of suitable adsorbent remains a problem. However, shortcomings of some adsorbents such as low adsorption capacity, slow adsorption rate, narrow pH range, and high-cost make them unsustainable. Modification of adsorbents has become the most attractive method for effectively improving the treatment of fluoridated water. The objective of this work was to bring to light the surface modifications and sorption mechanisms of bauxite as a sorbent for fluoride removal. Bauxite is robust with sufficient mechanical strength and naturally abundant making it a suitable candidate over other conventional adsorbents for fluoride removal. Four main types of surface modification of adsorbents were identified; thermal activation, impregnation, functionalization, and chemical grafting. Materials such as surfactants, oxidizing agents, acids, bases, and metals could be used for surface modification. Modified bauxite demonstrated higher adsorption capacity over their unmodified ones due to the significant improvement in their surface area, pore size, pore-volume, and some structural transformations such as ordered and stable interlinked mesopores which facilitated effective chemisorption. This guarantees a stable chemical structure with more active sites and requires a minimum dose to reach equilibrium at a wider pH range (3–11). Finally, the mechanisms of fluoride sorption onto bauxite is a complex process involving intra-particle diffusion, physisorption, and chemisorption processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliable wind power and ramp event prediction is essential for the safe and stable operation of electric power systems. Previous prediction methods struggled to forecast large fluctuations in wind power caused by extreme weather conditions, severely limiting the development of wind power prediction techniques. Based on this problem, an improved hybrid model is presented in this study, that utilises long short-term memory (LSTM) by considering wind power ramp events (WPREs). First, the LSTM network was driven by numerical weather prediction (NWP) to forecast day-ahead wind power. Second, a novel improved dynamic swinging door algorithm (ImDSDA) and a fuzzy C-means (FCM) model were utilised for WPRE detection and classification respectively. Third, a similarity-matching mechanism was proposed to correct the predicted WPREs. Finally, the predicted wind power was reconstructed using the optimised WPREs.The model, which was validated in three mountainous wind farms in central China, can capture the temporal dynamics of wind power using deep learning and WPRE prediction. The proposed model's results outperformed a few existing methods and can provide scientific guidance for the safe dispatching and economic operation of power systems. • A novel short-term wind power forecasting method is presented. • The algorithm is based on LSTM model and ramp events forecasting. • The predicted ramp events are corrected by a similarity matching approach. • The method shows good performance in accuracy. • Enable auxiliary decision-making for power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Iron precipitates at different oxidation degrees are obtained by H 2 O 2. • Ms value of Fe 3 O 4 shows a decrease and then recovery with oxidation. • Magnetic properties are affected via a Fe-O bond length-related mechanism. • The "magnetic iron oxides" method is promoted for industrial iron precipitation. Large quantities of hazardous waste are generated in the removal process of iron in zinc hydrometallurgy, which poses a severely permanent threat to the environment. Recently, an innovative magnetite (Fe 3 O 4) method for iron precipitation has been proposed. Whereas, the magnetic separation performance and phase composition of Fe 3 O 4 are sensitively disturbed by the oxidizing conditions in the pregnant leach solution from zinc hydrometallurgy. In this work, a series of Fe 3 O 4 samples with different oxidation degrees were in-situ formed. We found that oxidation did not worsen the Fe removal and that all samples have a relatively high iron content (>42.3%). Meanwhile, although the magnetic properties of the samples showed a decrease (from 32.31 to 6.56 emu/g), it could be recovered (10.60 emu/g) by controlling the oxidation to a certain degree. This is correlated with the phase transition of iron oxides as the oxidation degree increase. Furthermore, it is clarified that the mechanism by which the oxidation affects the magnetic properties was the change of Fe-O bond length, as revealed by Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer measurement. This work provides a new strategy for the practical implication of the "magnetic iron" instead of the magnetite precipitation method in zinc hydrometallurgy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SbSI nanowires (SbSI NWs) and SbSI microrods (SbSI MRs) were synthesized by simple sonochemical and hydrothermal methods, respectively. The SbSI NWs possess better catalytic performance due to the smaller size and larger specific surface area. Meanwhile, the piezoelectric effect and photocatalytic performance of SbSI were combined for the first time. The degradation rate of methyl orange (MO) solution (30 mg/L) by SbSI NWs reaches 97.1% within 2 min under the synergistic effect of visible light and ultrasonic vibration, which is 4.83 times of photocatalysis and 14.22 times of piezocatalysis. The reactive oxide species (ROS) such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O 2 −) were examined by radical trapping experiments to demonstrate their critical role in degrading MO molecule. Furthermore, a possible mechanism of the piezo-photocatalytic process was proposed and degradation pathway of MO dyes by SbSI NWs was suggested based on the HPLC-MS results. It shows that the degradation process of MO includes the breakage of azo double bond, the removal of sulfonic group, the breakage of carbon nitrogen bond, and finally the formation of NO 3 −, SO 4 2−, CO 2 and H 2 O. This work provides a promising case for the practical application in dye wastewater treatment of piezoelectric semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies reported that oxidative and nitrative stress might be important in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the development of its complications. In this study, we showed that α-enolase (EC 4.2.1.11, 2-phospho- d -glycerate hydrolase) was identified as the important target for oxidative and nitrative modifications in diabetic hepatic proteins. After 6 weeks of streptozotocin-administration, α-enolase expression and nitration were clearly increased in diabetic rat liver, whereas the enolase activity and oxidation status were not significantly changed in diabetic group. By means of immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, it was found that Tyr 12 and Tyr 257 of α-enolase were the most susceptible to nitration in diabetic rat liver. Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a likely alternative mechanism for nitrative modification of α-enolase in vivo was apparently facilitated by the presence of higher MPO level and activity in diabetic liver, and fact that Tyr 12 and Tyr 191 of enolase was nitrated by MPO/nitrite/H 2 O 2 system in vitro. Further studies in vitro indicated that carbonyl formation, rather than tyrosine nitration, might make a major contribution to the inactivation of enolase. The present results provided the new evidence for α-enolase as a susceptive target for MPO-catalyzed nitrative modification in diabetes. They also suggested a potential contribution of nitrative and oxidative modifications of enolase to an impaired glycolytic activity in diabetic hepatic injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is considered a great challenge for human communities and imposes both physiological and mental burdens on patients. Natural products have widely been used to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, asthma, neurological disorders, and infections. To seek potential natural products against AD, in the current review, we searched the terms "atopic dermatitis" and "natural product" in Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science，Science Direct, Embase, EBSCO, CINAHL, ACS. The results show that many natural products, especially puerarin, ferulic acid and ginsenosides, cound protect against AD. Meanwhile, we discussed the therapeutic mechanisms and showed that the natural products exert their anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the quantity and activity of many inflammatory cell types and cytokines, including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, Langerhans cells, interleukins (ILs, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4), TNF-α, and TSLP, IgE. via inhibition of JAK/STAT, MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways, thereby, halting the inflammatory cascade. Future investigations should focus on studies with more reflective of the clinical characteristics and demographics, so as to develop natural products that will be hopefully available for the treatment of human AD disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electro-adsorption is attracting increasing attention as an emerging technology for removing ionic species from water but suffer from low selectivity. In this work, a bismuth/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite electrode was fabricated by a facile and green method. Based on this material, an electrode with improved selectivity by electrochemistry deionization system was successfully fabricated. The bismuth nanoparticles were uniformly covered with reduced graphene oxide plates and the ratio of Bi on the whole materials is 79.56%. Bismuth/reduced graphene oxide showed ions selectivity in the order of Cl− > F− ≫ SO 4 2 − . The average Cl− removal capacity can reach as high as 62.59 mg g−1. Moreover, bismuth/reduced graphene oxide electrodes have good regeneration performance. Typically, in the 10 adsorption-desorption multicycles, the salt absorption/desorption capacity of the hybrid capacitive deionization system is stable and reversible. This research opened a hopeful window to design and synthesize effective materials to selectively remove the ionic species to purify the water. Image 1 • A novel Bi/rGO composite electrode was fabricated by a green method for EDI system. • The Bi/rGO electrode presented high selectivity for F− and Cl− and regeneration. • The mechanism of F− and Cl− selectively adsorption was illuminated. • The electrochemical adsorption process of Cl−, F−, S O 4 2 − and N O 3 − is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel efficient adsorbent of bacterial cellulose/poly(m-phenylenediamine (BC/PmPD) was prepared for Cr(VI) removal by combining the advantages of high adsorption capacity of PmPD and easy reclamation of BC. Through monomer (mPD) pre-adsorption on BC, the stable hybrid structure of PmPD nanoparticles functionalization on BC fibril was successfully realized by in-situ oxidative polymerization of adsorbed mPD. The morphology and structure of the adsorbents were analyzed by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and XPS techniques. The interaction between BC and PmPD and adsorption mechanism were also analyzed. The optimized BC/PmPD has Langmuir Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 434.78 mg/g, much higher than many reported adsorbents. The Cr(VI) adsorption on BC/PmPD was ascribed to the Cr(VI) adsorption on protonated NH and NH 2 groups and the redox reaction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by the reduction of amine, followed by Cr(III) chelation on imino groups of PmPD. The recycling test indicated that the BC/PmPD has good regeneration and reusability capacity with its fast-reversible macroscopic assembly and disassembly features, and high stabilization of PmPD on BC. Findings in the present study demonstrated that the BC/PmPD can be considered as a promising adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal due to its high adsorption capacity, efficient reclamation, good regeneration performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the adsorption mechanisms for removing fluoride based on experimental and modeling studies. Lanthanum-aluminum perovskite was designed for treating wastewater contaminated by fluoride. A fluorine-species model was developed to calculate the concentrations of different species of fluorine: F−, HF, HF 2 −. Multiple kinetic models were examined and the pseudo-second order model was found the best to fit the experimental data, implying fast-chemisorption. The thermodynamic data were fitted by the Langmuir model and Freundlich model at different temperatures, indicating heterogeneous adsorption at low temperature and homogeneous adsorption at high temperature. The La 2 Al 4 O 9 material had less influence from negative ions when adsorbing fluoride. The adsorption mechanisms were further studied using experiments and Density Functional Theory calculations. The adsorption experiments could be attributed to the lattice plane (1 2 1) and La, O, Al sites. More Al sites were required than La sites for the increase of fluoride concentration. By contrast, more La sites than Al sites were needed for increased pH. Image 1 • The hollow Lanthanum-aluminum perovskite was first applied to remove fluoride. • The species of F−, HF, HF 2 − played a more important role at different pH. • The Lanthanum sites had more important effect than Aluminum at higher pH. • Ηigher concentrations of fluoride required more Aluminum than Lanthanum sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heteroatoms doping is an important modification method in carbon electrode for CDI technology. In this study, a new facile approach of homogeneous phosphorus doping in carbon matrix was proposed via crosslinking polymerization of m -phenylenediamine and phytic acid. The carbonized composites (NPC) showed the characteristics of phosphorus/nitrogen co-doping with excellent hydrophilicity, high electrochemical performance, lower inner resistance and good cycling stability, far beyond that of carbon without phosphorus doping. Compared with reported similar materials and commercial carbon, the chloride adsorption capacity of NPC used as electrode for deionization capacitors was significantly improved (21.4 mg g−1 in a 500 mg L−1 Cl− solution at 1.2 V). Particularly, based on the charge distribution analysis of phosphorus doping in carbon matrix by using Material Studio calculation, the possible enhanced dichlorination mechanism of the carbon composites as electrode for deionization capacitors was carefully explored. The phosphorus/nitrogen co-doped carbon displayed a promising prospect for chloride removal in the application of CDI technology. Unlabelled Image • A new facile approach of homogeneous phosphorus doping in carbon matrix was proposed. • The obtained N/P co-doped carbon materials exhibited excellent hydrophilicity and electrosorption capacity. • Explained the mechanism of phosphorus doping to improve the desalination performance of carbon materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel modified method of hollow tubular alumina was investigated for improving the ability to remove fluoride. In this paper, we designed two parts to improve the adsorption capacity of fluoride: (1) increased the exposed surface area by compounding hollow tubular structure; (2) hydroxylated with different concentrations of H 2 O 2 from 0 to 10 wt%. The modified alumina had uniform hollow tubular and crystal form of γ-Al 2 O 3. Modified hollow tubular alumina exhibited a good performance of 74.25% with 1% H 2 O 2. The kinetic and thermodynamic were thoroughly explained to fit different models. It demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich model, indicating that chemical and heterogeneous adsorption. The adsorptive velocities of 1% H 2 O 2 /Al 2 O 3 were 8.07 × 10−8 and 1.39 × 10−6 m/s when the initial concentrations were 10 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. The adsorption mechanism was discussed and the adsorbent was stable after adsorbing fluoride. The addition of hydrogen peroxide promoted the more hydroxyl groups, and the exchange hydroxyl groups with fluoride were the main mechanism of adsorption. The ratio of hydroxyl groups with the form of Al–O–OH and Al–OH descended from 80%, 29.3%–30.4%, 20.1%, respectively. These results show hollow structure and modified with H 2 O 2 are the economic and environmental methods for enhancing to remove fluoride. Image 1 • The hollow tubular structure was designed to investigate the performance of removing fluoride. • Hydrogen peroxide was applied to improve the density of hydroxide radicals. • The equilibrium capacity of modified aluminum oxide reached 84.25 mg/g. • Hydroxyl sites played an important role in removing fluoride during the mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]