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Long persistent luminescence materials developed to commercial standards are primarily concentrated in the blue and green regions, with only a few in the red region. Red, as one of the three basic colors, can be mixed in various proportions with blue and green to yield various colors. The development of red persistent phosphors has a broader application potential but remains a challenge. A solid-state reaction method was used to synthesize new red persistent luminescent materials of Ba 1- x Sr x Ga 2 O 4 :Sm3+ (x = 0–0.09). In BaGa 2 O 4 , both Sr2+ and Sm3+ preferentially occupy the Ba2+ site rather than the Ga3+ site. When exposed to UV light at 254 nm, the phosphors emit the characteristic red emission of Sm3+ at wavelengths ranging from 500 nm to 750 nm. After removing the UV light source, an intense red afterglow that lasted more than 1400 s was observed. The red afterglow signal reappears after a heating process. Doping Sr2+ reduces the trap depth and improves the red persistent luminescence significantly. Because the escaped electrons from traps compensate for the emission loss of Sm3+ during the heating process, the red phosphors have unimaginably luminescent thermal stability. Thus, the emission intensity at 200 °C is 1.6 times that at room temperature. The prepared red persistent phosphors show multimode luminescence, with the output signal being time and temperature sensitive, indicating that they are potential luminescent materials for anti-counterfeiting applications. Finally, a building-block strategy for advanced anti-counterfeiting applications of dynamic display information is proposed, with red persistent phosphors serving as an important component combined with upconversion phosphors of NaYF 4 :Yb3+, Tm3+, and green persistent phosphors of SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu2+, Dy3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting weeds rapidly and accurately using deep learning models is key to achieving intelligent weed management in the environment of agriculture. However, the high parameter and computational demands of existing deep learning models often result in increased hardware requirements, limiting the deployment of weed detection models on edge devices. We propose a lightweight weed detection model with global contextual joint features to address these problems. First, to better capture the global information of weeds, thereby enhancing detection speed and accuracy, we have devised a Channel Attention Mechanism termed SERMAttention, which is based on Squeeze Excitation (SE) and Style Refinement Module (SRM). Second, this lightweight Context Guided Network is integrated into the Channel-to-Pixel (C2f) feature extraction layer of You-Only-Look-Once-v8 (YOLOv8), introducing global contextual features to enhance the learning of fused features. Finally, an efficient Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network (BiFPN) is introduced into the neck network of YOLOv8 to reduce model parameters while maintaining accuracy. To validate the performance of this method, experiments were conducted on a self-built dataset, the publicly available CottonWeedDet12 dataset, and the 4Weed dataset. The proposed algorithm reduces the parameter count, the number of giga floating-point operations per second (GFLOPs), and the model output file size by 51.7%, 35.4%, and 48.4% respectively, compared to YOLOv8, without lowering the mean Average Precision (mAP) 0.5 of 95.3%, as indicated by experimental results on the self-built dataset. The algorithm swiftly and accurately detects single and multiple types of weeds while reducing deployment costs and complexity of weed detection edge devices. • In environments with limited resources, achieving comprehensive and precise identification of weeds poses significant challenges. • Reducing YOLOv8 parameters contributes to its better deployment in field-based weed detection devices. • The improved YOLOv8 adopts a novel strategy, resulting in the formation of LW-YOLOv8. • LW-YOLOv8 effectively alleviates the issues of missed and false detections at the edges of coexisting single and multiple plants of different weed species. • Compared to the original YOLOv8, LW-YOLOv8 maintains comparable weed detection accuracy with fewer parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particulate matter (PM) from the road resuspension dust of vehicles driving can deteriorate urban air quality. The goal of our study was to develop a discrete phase model and sliding grid technology to simulate the distribution characteristics of resuspension PM 2.5 from vehicle road dust, and to analyze PM 2.5 exposure of drivers and pedestrians caused by resuspension dust. The results indicated that the maximum height of PM 2.5 concentration at the XZ section at 1–10 s varied in a zigzag pattern, with the lowest at 3.37 m at 1 s and the highest at 5.85 m at 2 s. PM 2.5 concentration diffusion presented a "two lungs within one bracket" shape at Z = −0.03 m section and PM 2.5 was gradually diffused from the tire to the two sides of the vehicle at 1–10 s. PM 2.5 concentration at y = 5.5 m line of X = −15 m section gradually decreased with ground height increasing. The average PM 2.5 concentration at Z = 1.25 m section at 1–10 s was 1.86, 3.17, 6.85, 8.85, 12.78, 14.69, 16.64, 18.96, 21.50, and 22.98 μg/m3, respectively. The average PM 2.5 concentration was directly proportional to the change in road dust mass flow rate. The range of PM 2.5 concentration of points a (left driver), b (right driver), c 1 (pedestrian standing still for 3 m on right side of right vehicle) and c 2 (pedestrian walking at a speed of 1.5 m/s) were 0–49.8, 0–183.0, 0–16.5, and 0–59.8 μg/m3, and the time of the maximum PM 2.5 concentration for a, b, c 1, and c 2 was 5, 6.5, 4.5 and 5 s, respectively. These results indicated that the driver of point b had the highest exposure concentration within 1–10 s, which was 5.8 times that of the driver of point a, 7.7, and 2.9 times that of pedestrians of points c 1 and c 2. These results can provide basic data for road dust emissions and population exposure risk management. [Display omitted] • Sliding grid technology was applied to simulate distribution of resuspension PM 2.5. • Diffusion of resuspension PM 2.5 for different sections of XYZ were analyzed. • PM 2.5 exposure concentration of driver and pedestrians were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endophytic fungus Harpophora oryzae is a beneficial endosymbiont isolated from wild rice. H. oryzae can not only promote rice growth and biomass accumulation but also protect rice roots from invasion by its close relative Magnaporthe oryzae . Autophagy is a highly evolutionary conserved process from lower to higher eukaryotic organisms, and is involved in the maintenance of normal cell differentiation and development. In this study, we isolated a gene ( HoATG5 ) which encodes an essential protein required for autophagy from the beneficial endophyte fungus H. oryzae . Using targeted gene replacement, a ΔHoATG5 mutant was generated and used to investigate the biological functions of autophagy in H. oryzae . We found that the autophagic process was blocked in the HoATG5 deletion mutant. The mutant showed increased vegetative growth and sporulation, and was sensitive to nutrient starvation. The ΔHoATG5 mutant lost its ability to penetrate and infect the wounded barley leaves. These results provide new knowledge to elaborate the molecular machinery of autophagy in endophytic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Norepinephrine (NE), from the locus coeruleus (LC), has been supported to affect GABAergic system and parallel fiber (PF)-Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic transmission via adrenoceptor in cerebellum cortex. However, the effects of NE on the spontaneous spike activity of cerebellar PCs in living mouse have not yet been fully understood. We here examined the effects of NE on the spontaneous activity of PC in urethane-anesthetized mice by electrophysiological and pharmacological methods. Cerebellar surface application of NE (2.5–25 μM) reduced the PC simple spike (SS) firing rate in a dose-dependent manner. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) was 5.97 μM. In contrast, NE significantly increased the spontaneous firing rate of molecular layer interneuron (MLI). Application of GABA A receptor antagonist, gabazine (SR95531, 20 μM) not only blocked the NE-induced inhibition of PC SS firing but also revealed NE-induced excitation of cerebellar PC. Blocking AMPA receptors activity enhanced NE-induced inhibition of PC spontaneous activity. Moreover, the effects of NE on PC spontaneous activity were abolished by simultaneously blocking GABA A and AMPA receptors activity. These results indicated that NE bidirectional modulated the spontaneous activity of PCs via enhancing both inhibitory inputs from MLIs and excitatory inputs of parallel fibers, but NE-induced enhance of inhibitory inputs overwhelmed the excitatory inputs under in vivo conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Sequential steps in rice cake hydrolysis are quantified. • The observed hydrolysis rates are related to processing methods. • Rice cakes have better prebiotic effects than inulin. Highly resistant starch rice (HRSR) is of particular interest in terms of its capacity to deliver short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to the colon in the prevention of diabetes mellitus and obesity. In this study, HRSR was processed into cooked rice, rice milk, rice cake, and rice popcorn, and the in vitro digestion and fermentation processes were monitored. The results showed that the starch digestibility of the four samples conformed to a first-order two-phase equation, and the resistant starch content of rice cake was the highest (11.98%). Compared with inulin, rice cake had a slower fermentation rate, and the butyrate concentration increased by 67.85%. The abundances of Prevotellaceae , which promotes the synthesis of SCFAs, and anti-inflammatory Faecalibacterium increased. The abundances of Proteobacteria and Megamonas , markers of gut microbiota imbalance, decreased. The results might facilitate the design and production of functional food products for type 2 diabetic and obese patients and improving colonic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goiter is one of common endocrine diseases, and its etiology has not been fully elucidated. The changes in trace elements' levels have an important impact on the thyroid. We designed a case-control study, which involved 383 goiter cases and 383 matched controls. We measured these elements in the urine of participants by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used to select the elements into multi-element models, conditional logistic regression models were applied to analyze the association between elements and goiter risk. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was used to depict elements' mixtures and evaluate their joint effects. Finally, 7 elements were included in the multi-element model. We found that the concentrations of lithium (Li), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) had a negative effect with goiter risk, and lead (Pb) and iodine (I) showed an extreme positive effect. Additionally, compared with the lowest levels, patients with highest quartiles of I and Pb were 6.49 and 1.94 times more likely to have goiter, respectively. On the contrary, in its second and third quartiles, arsenic (As) showed a negative effect (both OR<1). BKMR model showed a certain interaction among Pb, As, Sr and Li on goiter risk. Further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings in the future. [Display omitted] • Fifteen trace elements' exposure with goiter for Chinese population. • The toxic effects of I and Pb on goiter risk. • Li, As, Ba and Sr showed negative associations with goiter. • As, Sr, Pb and Li had significant interaction effects on goiter risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Akkermansia muciniphila , a member of the human intestinal microflora, is a potential next-generation probiotic. Therefore, the optimization of in vitro culture conditions for A. muciniphila is a promising research direction. In this study, an in vitro fermentation culture of A. muciniphila was implemented using a novel bionic large intestine dynamic digestion model. Compared with static culture, the new bionic large intestine dynamic digestion model achieved 55.37% more biomass, accompanied by the significant growth of metabolites, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. Moreover, the effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), blackberry concentrate powder, and metformin on the growth of A. muciniphila were compared. FOS, blackberry concentrate powder, and metformin did not significantly affect biomass growth, but FOS increased butyric acid generation by A. muciniphila by 32%. The outer membrane protein concentrations of A. muciniphila in FOS, polyphenols, and metformin are 30%–37% higher than that in the no added media. Electron microscopy indicated that the strains of the dynamic culture were superior to those of the static culture in terms of diameter and length. This study provides important progress in the industrial application of A. muciniphila as a probiotic. A novel bionic large intestine dynamic digestion model for probiotic fermentation. [Display omitted] • The biomass of the BGR-blm is 55% higher than that of the static culture. • Adding FOS can increase the output of butyric acid. • Adding FOS can increase the concentration of outer membrane protein. • The diameter and length of BGR-blm cultured strains are better than static culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study aims to "design an intelligent CTG classification model based on Deep Forest for antepartum fetal monitoring". • The main contribution is to solve the crossover between normal and suspicious class problem in antepartum CTG classification. • On external dataset, DF model outperformed traditional machine learning models, DNN and current CTG classification models. • The performance of DF model was furtherly verified on antepartum CTG dataset from several cooperative hospitals. Intelligent classification of antepartum cardiotocography (CTG) can assist obstetricians to make clinical decisions, which is helpful to improve the accuracy of fetal abnormality detection. However, most of the existing machine learning based classification models fail to meet the clinical requirements. In this work, a method is proposed to improve the classification accuracy by using Deep Forest (DF) algorithm. Principal component analysis and visualization were adopted to mine the distribution characteristics of the CTG data. After data preprocessing, deep forest multi-granularity scanning phase was used to explore the connection between the case characteristic. Then the cascade forest phase, which was designed to integrate Random Forest (RF), Weighted Random Forest (WRF), Completely Random Forest (CRF) and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) as the basic classifiers, performed deep iterations and finally got the best performance model. Compared with the traditional machine learning models, deep neural network and the state-of-art CTG classification models, the results show that the accuracy value, average F1 value and Area Under the Curve (AUC) value were 92.64 %, 92.01 % and 0.990 respectively in the external public data set, and were 91.64 %, 88.92 % and 0.9493 respectively in the internal private data set, which were the most excellent among all comparison models. In conclusion, the proposed DF model is effective and feasible, and has a good application prospect in the intelligent assessment of antenatal fetal health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• VPA alleviates SNL-induced mechanical allodynia. • VPA ameliorates neuroinflammatory response. • VPA inhibits spinal microgliosis and mediates microglia polarization following SNL. • VPA suppresses SNL-induced spinal cell apoptosis. • VPA modulates SNL-induced the STAT1/NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. Spinal inflammation is a pathophysiological state of neuropathic pain (NP). The subsequent microglial activation and neuroinflammatory response are contributing factors for long-lasting behavioral hypersensitivity. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties for clinical use in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of its effects on NP have not been determined. This study aimed to clarify the possible mechanisms by which VPA alleviates NP in rat models induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Intraperitoneal injection of VPA (300 mg/kg) efficiently attenuated mechanical allodynia in rats with NP. VPA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, cytokines interleukin-1β, cytokines interleukin-6; TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor-β, cytokines interleukin-10, cytokines interleukin-4; TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-4). Additionally, VPA suppressed spinal microgliosis and promoted the polarization of microglia towards the M2 phenotype to further ameliorate spinal neuroinflammation. VPA also exerted neuroprotective effects by decreasing spinal cell apoptosis. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects may have depended on changes in nuclear histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression following VPA treatment. Moreover, VPA treatment inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 nuclear expression and upregulated acetylated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). In addition, VPA suppressed SNL-induced phosphorylation of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Taken together, our results demonstrate that VPA is a promising anti-inflammatory agent suitable for NP therapy that regulates microglial function and suppresses spinal neuroinflammation via the STAT1/NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanoid robots, avatars, as well as some machines or tools possessing distinctive human features or characteristics, have been studied and developed in recent years. Alongside these developments, a new research area has emerged, known as individual-like research, the aim of which is the creation of physical or digital entities that resemble, to a certain extent, an existing human individual. Such individual-like entities could generate novel and as yet undreamed-of applications in fields such as lifestyle management. A general or comprehensive model of an individual's character is the key to individual-like research. Derived from the personality model in psychology, this paper proposes a structuralized and computable model, namely the Personal Character Model of affect, behavior and cognition (ABC). We first assign mathematical abstractions to the proposed personal character model, then present a general computing process of personal character in the model, and finally perform an experiment to collect the state data of twenty subjects and further analyze the results pertaining to personal emotional stability and attention ability, as well as the relational characteristic of each subject's affect and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Using RC-YOLOv5s avoids the impact of background noise. • Propose an improved Gaussian curve fitting that reduces coordinate fluctuations. • Improve the normal vector grayscale center of gravity method. The center line extraction of line structured light strip is very important for 3D measurement. A new sub-pixel extraction method of laser center line is proposed. Firstly, the RC-YOLOv5s algorithm is used to extract the effective area of the light strip, which accelerates the extraction speed of the laser light strip and avoids the influence of background noise. An improved Gaussian curve fitting algorithm is used to initially extract the subpixel centerline of the light strip, and the normal direction is calculated based on the initial extracted point. Improved the grayscale center of gravity method based on normal vectors, which is used to calculate the subpixel centers of light strips and achieve high-precision 3D reconstruction of brake calipers. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a significant improvement in the accuracy of light strip extraction, with a lower runtime than the Steger algorithm, and a significant improvement in the effectiveness of 3D reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The endophytic filamentous fungus Harpophora oryzae is a beneficial endosymbiont isolated from the wild rice. H. oryzae could not only effectively improve growth rate and biomass yield of rice crops, but also induce systemic resistance against the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae . In this study, Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation (ATMT) was employed and optimized to modify the H. oryzae genes by either random DNA fragment integration or targeted gene replacement. Our results showed that co-cultivation of H. oryzae conidia with A. tumefaciens in the presence of acetosyringone for 48 h at 22 °C could lead to a relatively highest frequency of transformation, and 200 μM acetosyringone (AS) pre-cultivation of A. tumefaciens is also suggested. ATMT-mediated knockout mutagenesis was accomplished with the gene-deletion cassettes using a yeast homologous recombination method with a yeast– Escherichia – Agrobacterium shuttle vector pKOHo. Using the ATMT-mediated knockout mutagenesis, we successfully deleted three genes of H. oryzae ( HoATG5 , HoATG7 , and HoATG8 ), and then got the null mutants Δ Hoatg5 , Δ Hoatg7 , and Δ Hoatg8 . These results suggest that ATMT is an efficient tool for gene modification including randomly insertional mutagenesis and gene deletion mutagenesis in H. oryzae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO), a promising biomedical nanomaterial, has attracted increasing attention regarding its potential hazards to environment and health. However, data on its multigenerational toxicity in mammals are scarce, especially regarding GO exposure during pregnancy and lactation. In this study, we investigated the effects of low-dose (0.01–1 mg/L) GO exposure during pregnancy and lactation on reproduction, development and neurobehavior in mice through a multigenerational approach. There were no significant differences in the duration of pregnancy, litter size or survival index of the offspring between the maternal mice treated with GO and those in the control group. However, a significantly altered sex ratio was observed in F1 mice exposed to 0.01 mg/L GO. Additionally, alterations in anxiety state and decreased swimming velocity were observed in maternal mice treated with 0.01 and 1 mg/L GO. The effects of GO on neurobehavior seemed to be intensified in F1 mice, as evidenced by increased stress sensitivity, altered anxiety, decreased learning and memory, and inhibited AChE activity. Although some neurobehaviors returned to normal in F2 mice, anxiety-like behavior, increased antioxidant levels and an atrophic liver were observed in the GO 1 group. Furthermore, increases in the movement velocity and distance of F2 mice were observed in GO 0.01 group. These findings provide valuable data for evaluating the transgenerational risks associated with GO exposure among mammals. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NBTI degradation caused by hole trapping in gate insulator process-related preexisting traps (∆ V HT ) and in generated bulk insulator traps (∆ V OT ) can recover in several seconds (< 10 s), whereas the long-term recovery is dominated by interface trap generation (∆ V IT ). In this paper, various explanations of NBTI recovery have been reviewed and a compact analytical long-term NBTI recovery model in which the slowing down diffusivity and locking effect of H 2 are involved has been derived. The triangular diffusion profile of H 2 is approximated and the fitting coefficient ξ of slowing down diffusivity is related to the stress and recovery time. Our proposed model has been validated by the previous theories and numerical calculation. Moreover, the investigation of NBTI recovery on a 40-nm CMOS process has been experimentally carried out and the results show that our compact NBTI recovery model can describe the long-term recovery well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate parameters of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) model are essential to predict the circuit lifetime during circuit design. This paper presents the extraction methods of NBTI model parameters for the NBTI reaction-diffusion (R-D) and trapping/detrapping (T/D) models. The R-D model parameters extraction mainly includes two steps: linear approximation and optimized extraction. In the first step, the term of Δ V th 1/2 n is described as approximately linear with t 0.5 after the coordinate system conversion, where Δ V th is the degradation in threshold voltage and t is elapsing time. Then, the model parameters can be roughly calculated. In the second, an objective function of the genetic algorithm (GA) has been built up and its constraints can be determined by referring the values gotten from the first step. After solving the function, a set of accurate parameters of the NBTI model can be achieved. Similarly, the T/D model parameters extraction involves the curves fitting and further optimization based on the GA. Both the R-D and T-D extraction methods have been validated using a 40-nm CMOS process, and it is easy to implement the extraction procedures in a program extractor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously reported that an air-puff stimulation on the ipsilateral whisker pad evoked responses in molecular layer (ML) and Purkinje cell (PC) layer in cerebellar cortex folium Crus II. We used anterograde tracing and electrophysiological methods to investigate the anatomical and functional relationships between the trigeminal tactile response area in the cerebellar cortex Crus II and deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) in living mice. We found that the axons of tactile activated PCs projected in anterior part (IntA) and posterior part (IntP), and dorsolateral hump (IntDL) of ipsilateral interposed cerebellar nucleus (ICN). In ICN, the tactile stimulus evoked-field potential expressed a sequence of two negative components N1 and N2, while extracellular recordings from ICN neurons revealed that an increase in spike frequency in response to tactile stimulus. When the duration of facial air-puff stimulus were ≥30 ms, stimulation off response ( R off ) were observed in the ICN, but an increase in the duration of facial air-puff stimulation did not significantly affect the amplitude of R on (N1 and N2) and R off . The latency and time to peak of N1 in ICN were significantly shorter than that of N1 in the ML, but the latency and time to peak of N2 in ICN were significantly later than that of P1 in the ML. The present results suggest that the facial sensory information, at least in part, is transferred to ICN by PC axons from Crus II, which evokes excitation in ICN neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, MOSFET layout-dependent gate-around capacitance which include gate-to-source/drain fringing capacitance ( C f ) separated from gate-to-contact capacitance ( C co ), has been extracted in SPICE model. This work focuses on layout-dependent-effect (LDE) in AC characteristics such as C f and C co of MOSFET. To separate C f and C co , novel test structures have been designed and fabricated by 40 nm process. According to the silicon data, the apparent variation of C f with contact to poly space (CPS) and contact to contact space (CCS) has been modeled and exactly extracted. The errors between silicon data and simulation are mainly under 5%. The extraction and modeling of the layout-dependent C f in this work will contribute high accuracy for digital and RF circuit simulation in advanced CMOS node. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel vertical channel dual-nitride-trapping-layer ROM (VDNROM) flash memory with oxide–nitride–oxide–nitride–oxide (ONONO) dielectrics stack is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Compared with the conventional planar NROM cell, since the cell area of the proposed vertical structure is independent of the gate length, the VDNROM structure can relax the limitation of the gate length scaling, and can have high capability of cell area shrinking. The fabrication process of this VDNROM device is basically compatible with planar CMOS technology. The VDNROM cell can be programmed and erased by the hot carrier injection to the localized trapping dual-nitride layers, so it can achieve a four-physical-bits storage capability each cell. The reliability behaviors including the cycling endurance and the bake retention at 150°C have also been investigated and show the acceptable characteristics. The experiment results verify the VDNROM cell as a good candidate for high density applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presented here was the spectrum and laser performance of a Tm:YAP (YAlO 3) laser crystal under 1 MeV electron irradiation. It was demonstrated that, under the radiation of S 3E15 , the absorption spectrum was enhanced of about 1.2 times at the absorption peak at 688 nm, and the absorption peak at 794 nm was enhanced of about 1.16 times, the laser threshold increased from 2.7 W to 2.93 W, the maximum output power reduced from 2.89 W to 2.585 W an d the slope efficiency decreased of nearly 3% at pump power of 13.325 W, the center wavelength drifted from 1991.68 nm to 1992.76 nm, the wavelength FWHM increased by about 0.7 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel vertical channel self-aligned split-gate floating-gate flash memory (VSAS_FG) was proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The floating-gate of VSAS_FG can be self-aligned realized without additional mask. Moreover, the VSAS_FG has higher scalability since the cell area of vertical channel device is independent on gate length. With enhanced electrical fields for programming and erasing, the fabricated VSAS_FG can achieve ∼10μs programming time and ∼10ms erasing time. The cycling endurance and the bake retention were also investigated. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the VSAS_FG concept as a promising candidate for low-power, high-density flash memory application. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]