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Serum canine α 1 -proteinase inhibitor (cα 1 -PI) concentrations were evaluated in dogs with pancreatitis ( n = 24), exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI; n = 29), chronic hepatitis (CH; n = 11) or proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD-P; n = 61) to determine whether systemic proteinase/proteinase-inhibitor balance is altered in these conditions. Dogs with CKD-P had significantly lower cα 1 -PI concentrations than dogs with pancreatitis, EPI or CH; 16% of dogs with CKD-P had serum cα 1 -PI concentrations below the reference interval. Serum and urine cα 1 -PI concentrations were inversely correlated in dogs with CKD-P, but not in dogs with CH. This suggests that renal loss of cα 1 -PI contributes to decreased serum concentrations in dogs with CKD-P, while hepatic cα 1 -PI synthesis with CH either is not compromised or is counterbalanced by extrahepatic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Calprotectin is a useful biomarker of inflammation in dogs. • At least a moderate change in serum calprotectin is needed to be considered as relevant. • A population-based reference interval may or may not be appropriate for serum calprotectin. • The ELISA-reference interval for serum calprotectin concentration is 0.6–11.8 mg/L. Abstract Calprotectin is a useful biomarker of inflammation in dogs. However, the biological variation of serum canine calprotectin is unknown. Indices of biological variation were determined in serial serum samples (n = 147) from 11 healthy dogs (males/females: 4/7, median age: 5 years): analytical (3.0%), intra-individual (29.9%), and inter-individual variation (33.2%), reciprocal index of individuality (1.1), and index of heterogeneity (4.9). Serum calprotectin concentrations measured by ELISA and by the previous radioimmunoassay were highly correlated, but a constant and proportional bias exists between both assays. A de novo ELISA-reference interval (RI) for serum calprotectin concentration was established (0.6–11.8 mg/L). Moderate changes in serum calprotectin (minimum critical difference: 6.4 mg/L) between sequential measurements are needed to be considered relevant, and a population-based RI may or may not be appropriate for serum calprotectin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]