Search

First, to examine whether participants reported changes in (1) leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation and social inclusion variables and (2) well-being outcomes before and after joining a community-based LTPA program for adults with physical disabilities. Second, to explore the longitudinal relationship between LTPA and the other aforementioned outcomes. A double baseline longitudinal design with measurements at 4-6 weeks (baseline 1) and immediately (baseline 2) before and 2 and 4 months after joining the community-based LTPA program. Community. Adults (N=43) with a physical disability who reported no cognitive impairment, were new members of the community-based LTPA program, and spoke English or French. A community-based physical activity program for adults with physical disabilities. Participants were provided an individualized exercise program and accessed the program at designated times during the week. Primary: LTPA (LTPA Questionnaire for People with Spinal Cord Injury), participation (Patient-Perceived Participation in Daily Activities Questionnaire), and social inclusion. Secondary: depression severity, self-esteem, resilience, and life satisfaction. After joining the program, participants reported an increase in total LTPA (mean baseline2 , 177.80±211.32; mean 2months , 299.31±298.70; mean 4months , 288.14±292.14), moderate-to-vigorous LTPA (mean baseline2 , 83.95±123.95; mean 2months , 142.00±198.38; mean 4months , 163.23±182.08), and participation in health (mean baseline2 , 6.24±1.16; mean 2months , 6.58±1.25; mean 4months , 6.97±0.82) and family-related activities (mean baseline2 , 12.18±2.43; mean 2months , 12.60±2.30; mean 4months , 13.47±2.01). A significant increase (β=3.46, P <.001) in social inclusion before joining the program was followed by a decrease (β=−1.09, P <.05) 4 months later. Improvements related to depression severity were noted (β baseline1−baseline2 =−1.51, P <.05; β baseline2−4 months =−0.28, P >.05). The results support the role of a community-based LTPA program in increasing LTPA levels and enhancing participation in some activities among adults with physical disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address a gap between spinal cord injury (SCI) research and practice by rigorously and systematically co-developing integrated knowledge translation (IKT) guiding principles for conducting and disseminating SCI research in partnership with research users. The process was guided by the internationally accepted The Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch & Evaluation (AGREE) II Instrument for evaluating the development of clinical practice guidelines. North American SCI research system (ie, SCI researchers, research users, funders). The multidisciplinary expert panel (n=17) and end users (n=35) included individuals from a North American partnership of SCI researchers, research users, and funders who have expertise in research partnerships. Not applicable. Clarity, usefulness, and appropriateness of the principles. Data regarding 125 principles of partnered research were systematically collected from 4 sources (review of reviews, scoping review, interviews, Delphi consensus exercise). A multidisciplinary expert panel held a 2-day meeting to establish consensus, select guiding principles, and draft the guidance. The panel reached 100% consensus on the principles and guidance document. The final document includes a preamble, 8 guiding principles, and a glossary. Survey data showed that the principles and guidance document were perceived by potential end users as clear, useful, and appropriate. The IKT Guiding Principles represent the first rigorously co-developed, consensus-based guidance to support meaningful SCI research partnerships. The principles are a foundational tool with the potential to improve the relevance and impact of SCI research, mitigate tokenism, and advance the science of IKT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify characteristics (1) of high- and low-quality spinal cord injury (SCI) peer mentors; (2) that should be used to match SCI peer mentors and mentees. The study was conducted in partnership with three Canadian provincial SCI organizations using an integrated knowledge translation approach. The Delphi exercise was completed in three rounds. In Round 1, people with SCI completed a thought-listing exercise to identify characteristics of high- and low-quality peer mentors and for matching. In Rounds 2 and 3, people with SCI and community organization staff rated characteristics from the previous round on an 11-point scale. After the final round, the remaining characteristics were thematically analyzed. Community-based peer mentorship programs in three Canadian provinces. People with SCI and SCI community organization staff (Round 1, n=45; Round 2, n=27; Round 3, n=25). Not applicable. Consensus-based list of characteristics. Participants reached consensus on 215 characteristics of quality peer mentors and 11 characteristics for peer mentor-mentee matching (ICC=0.96). A consensus-based characterization of high- and low-quality peer mentorship was created and included six overarching themes: competencies, personality characteristics, emotional state, mentor outlook, reason for mentoring, and role model. A consensus-based characterization of quality peer mentorship was co-developed with input from over 50 members of the SCI community. Findings highlight that peers have both interpersonal and intrapersonal characteristics that contribute to quality mentorship. The findings highlighted the importance of matching mentors on lived experience and shared interests. Findings will inform future research and SCI peer mentorship programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: This study examined whether a video featuring an adult with a physical disability engaging in either sport, exercise, or an activity of daily living (ADL) can mitigate negative stereotypes of disability held by people without a disability. Design: This study used a pre-post design, involving three participant groups. Methods: Participants (n = 212) read a vignette describing an adult with a disability (target). Consistent with the stereotype content model, participants judged the target's warmth and competence. One week later, participants viewed a video of the target participating in sport, exercise, or an ADL and judged the target's warmth and competence. Results: Judgements of competence but not warmth changed over time. The greatest increases occurred in the sport condition. At follow-up, the typical high warmth low competence stereotype of disability was reversed; the character was judged as being more competent than warm especially in the sport condition. Conclusion: Videos of adults with a disability engaging in physical activity, particularly sport, have potential to mitigate negative stereotypes of disability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: New evidence-based physical activity (PA) guidelines and recommendations for constructing messages supplementing the guidelines have been put forth. As well, recent reviews have identified theoretical constructs that hold promise as targets for intervention: self-regulation, outcome expectancies and self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to examine the integration of messages targeting self-regulation, self-efficacy and outcome expectancies in existing physical activity brochures. Twenty-two PA brochures from Canadian and American National Health Organizations were assessed for their use self-efficacy, self-regulatory processes and outcome expectancies. Brochures were analyzed line-by-line using a modified version of the validated Content Analysis Approach to Theory-Specified Persuasive Educational Communication (CAATSPEC; ). Two independent raters coded a third of the brochures (n = 7). Inter-rater reliability was acceptable for 17 of the 20 categories (rs > .79). Discrepancies in all categories were discussed and agreement was reached. The remaining brochures were coded by one of the two raters. Usage of the three key theoretical constructs accounted for only 36.43% of brochure content (20.23% self-efficacy, 10.40% outcome expectancies, 5.80% self-regulation). Brochures lacked the use of a variety of theoretical strategies, specifically goal-setting, planning and verbal persuasion and rarely highlighted the affective benefits of physical activity. In the future brochures should aim to place increased emphasis on self-regulation, self-efficacy, and affective outcome expectancies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Rationale Persons with physical disabilities report higher cigarette smoking rates and a lower likelihood of accessing health services (e.g., smoking cessation services). Explicit and systematic application of behaviour change theory may be a promising approach to addressing these inequities and developing impactful smoking cessation interventions for persons with physical disabilities. This scoping review aimed to explore how behaviour change theory and intervention components have been used to design smoking cessation interventions for persons with physical disabilities. Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science) were systematically searched. Smoking cessation interventions for persons with physical disabilities were identified. Behaviour change theory and intervention components, including behaviour change techniques, intervention functions, mode of delivery, intervention source, and setting, were extracted from the included articles. Among the eleven included articles, there were nine unique smoking cessation interventions for persons with physical disabilities. Three interventions mentioned theory, but none of these articles explicitly applied or tested the theory. Intervention components were consistently combined to deliver pharmacotherapy and behavioural counselling-based interventions. The results of this review highlight the scarcity of theory-based smoking cessation interventions for persons with physical disabilities. While the interventions were not theory-based, they were evidence-based and aligned with recommendations for smoking cessation treatment (i.e., behavioural counselling plus pharmacotherapy). Future research should take a theory-based approach to intervention development to enhance the likelihood that smoking cessation interventions for persons with physical disabilities are effective, replicable, and equitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) counselling research has mainly focused on identifying which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) are delivered by a counsellor. Less is known about how BCTs are received by clients. State Space Grids (SSGs) is a dynamic system method that can be used to study counsellor-client interactions by examining frequencies, durations and sequences of BCT delivery and receipt. In this methods paper, we show how SSG methods can be pragmatically used to characterize counsellor-client interactions during a PA behavioural support intervention for adults with disabilities. Methods were demonstrated through a secondary analysis of data from adults with spinal cord injury (age: 45.79 ± 13.63; females: n = 5; males: n = 9) who received PA counselling. Transcripts of 30 audio-recorded counselling sessions (total duration: ∼8.3 h) were double-coded for BCT delivery and receipt statements using a reliable coding method (>84% agreement) and analyzed in two different ways using SSGs methods. Applying the SSG analyses to our data demonstrated that frequencies, durations, and sequences of BCT delivery and receipt varied largely within and between dyads. Across all sessions, the counsellor and client spent on average 32–34% of their time on talking about BCTs related to goals and planning, ∼29% of their time talking about other BCTs (e.g., self-belief, support strategies), and the remaining 27–29% of their time talking about other topics (not BCT-specific). This paper showed how dynamic system methods can be pragmatically used to characterize counsellor-client interactions and illustrate the variability of how BCTs are delivered by a counsellor and received by clients in a PA behavioural support intervention. We demonstrated that SSGs methods can facilitate the examination of frequencies, durations and sequences of BCT delivery and receipt can help advance our understanding of PA behavioural support for adults with and without disabilities. • First using State Space Grids in exercise counselling in clients with disabilities. • Demonstration of how behaviour change techniques are delivered and received. • Show how State Space Grids may advance science and practice of exercise counselling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has extensively examined the adverse outcomes of being family support provider also known as a family caregiver, of someone with spinal cord injury (SCI) such as psychological distress, poor health, and burden. Despite clear evidence of the negative impact of this social role, few interventions exist aiming to support family support providers of people with SCI. This scoping review aimed to guide future intervention development by identifying the components necessary to develop an intervention to support SCI family support providers using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). Electronic databases (CINAHL, PsycINFO, Medline, Embase) were searched in May 2017. Articles relating to outcomes and/or behaviours of support providers of people with SCI were identified. Intervention components of the BCW, including behaviours, factors influencing behaviours, intervention content, and evaluation methods, were extracted from included articles. Of the 59 included articles, most emphasized the outcomes of being a support provider but provided little evidence of behaviours, which may influence such outcomes. The most commonly identified behaviours included engaging in leisure time or daily activities, problem-solving, and providing support. Very few measures were used to measure engagement in behaviours objectively. The literature suggests that behaviours are often influenced by family support providers' physical and social environments. However, barriers may vary between behaviours and contexts. The results of this review show that there are many viable behavioural targets for intervention. Therefore, intervention efforts may need to be tailored to individuals' needs. A promising intervention approach may be to use a theory which promotes change in the ecological context of family support providers while encouraging behavioural strategies to overcome individual barriers. Future research should further examine the factors that influence specific behaviours to more comprehensively understand the context of the behaviour as well as effective intervention strategies to promote change. • Review focuses on the needs of people who support those with spinal cord injury (SCI). • Being a support provider to someone with an SCI impacts many daily behaviours. • The use of behaviour change theory has been limited in intervention development. • Support providers face barriers related to their social and environmental contexts. • Interventions should target individuals' ecological context and specific barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]