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Avermectins, as a new type of environmental pollutant, have received significant attention in recent years. Previous research has shown that acute exposure to avermectins can induce oxidative stress and inflammation in non-target fish species, such as carp. Flavonoid lignans, particularly Silybin, have demonstrated promising biological activities, including regulation of non-alcoholic fatty liver and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study aims to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation with Silybin on the intestinal damage in carp caused by chronic exposure to avermectins and to improve the health status and production of carp in aquaculture. Silybin was used as a dietary supplement by adding it to the experimental feed, and an animal experimental model was utilized to assess its effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell apoptosis in carp intestine. Additionally, intestinal barrier integrity, digestive capacity, and fish growth were evaluated. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with Silybin effectively alleviated the oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure to avermectins in carp intestine. Furthermore, Silybin improved intestinal barrier integrity and digestive capacity by modulating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. This study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with Silybin can effectively mitigate the intestinal damage caused by chronic exposure to avermectins in carp, providing a sustainable solution for the aquaculture industry to enhance the overall health and production of cultured fish. The research expands our understanding of avermectin environmental pollution and offers a potential remediation approach. [Display omitted] • Silybin protects the intestinal tract of carp from chronic exposure to Avermectin. • Silybin exerts antioxidant effects in the oxidative stress of carp intestinal tract induced by chronic Avermectin exposure. • Silybin alleviates intestinal inflammation induced by chronic Avermectin exposure. • Silybin exerts anti-apoptotic effects in carp intestinal tissue exposed to chronic Avermectin. • Silybin reverses the intestinal developmental and growth inhibition in carp fry caused by chronic Avermectin exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: As blueberries are rich in phenolic compounds, which possess a demonstrated antimicrobial activity, it may be interesting to further elucidate its real potential and properties. As such, the main goal of this work was to evaluate the potential antimicrobial activity of Vaccinium corymbosum dry fruits and leaves aqueous extracts against several contaminants/pathogenic microorganisms while at the same time assessing the effect of V. corymbosum over lactic acid bacteria. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens is associated with Clostridium perfringens type A, carrying the NetB toxin. C. perfringens type A is also a member of the normal intestinal microbiota of broilers. Clinically healthy chickens carry several different C. perfringens clones in their intestine. In flocks suffering from necrotic enteritis, however, mostly only one single clone is isolated from the gut of all the diseased animals. Selective proliferation of these clinical outbreak strains in the gut and spread within the flock seems likely, but an explanation has not yet been given. The hypothesis that necrotic enteritis associated C. perfringens strains might suppress the growth of normal microbiota C. perfringens strains, was therefore tested. Twenty-six C. perfringens strains isolated from healthy broilers and 24 clinical outbreak isolates were evaluated for their ability to induce intra-species growth-inhibition in an in vitro setup. A significantly higher proportion of the C. perfringens clinical outbreak strains inhibited the growth of other C. perfringens strains compared to C. perfringens strains isolated from the gut of healthy chickens. It is proposed that, in addition to toxin production, intra-species growth-inhibition may be a virulence trait that contributes to the ability of certain C. perfringens strains to cause necrotic enteritis in broilers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In our previous microarray analysis searching for genes differentially regulated by androgens in the rat ventral prostate, we identified GADD45γ (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible, gamma) as one of the genes up-regulated by androgens. GADD45γ was initially identified to be a gene involved in negative growth control and its overexpression induced cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro. In this study, we showed that GADD45γ was transiently up-regulated by androgens in the androgen-responsive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. The GADD45γ up-regulation was blocked by an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, bicalutamide, suggesting the involvement of the androgen receptor. However, this up-regulation was inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating that GADD45γ induction by androgens requires new protein synthesis. Overexpression of GADD45γ inhibited cell growth of LNCaP and PC3 cells and resulted in dramatic morphological changes in both cell lines, arguing that GADD45γ is likely to participate in the differentiation program induced by androgens in the prostate. The above observations provide evidence that GADD45γ is an androgen-responsive gene with growth-inhibitory activity in human prostate cancer cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystal growth experiments in the presence of the polystyrene sulfonate were made at ambient temperature. This polyelectrolyte inhibits the crystal growth in all directions and modifies the crystal structure and morphology. Further, the unstable vaterite CaCO3 crystalline structure was stabilized in the precipitation medium in the presence of the polyelectrolyte. Thus, at moderate polyelectrolyte concentration, spherical CaCO3 particles are obtained having a smaller size compared to the rhombohedral particles obtained in the absence of the polyelectrolyte. By increasing the polyelectrolyte concentration, the CaCO3 particles mean size and size-polydispersity index decrease. The microelectrophoresis studies indicate that in the presence of the anionic polyelectrolyte, the CaCO3 particles are negatively surface charged. The results obtained indicate a correlation between the CaCO3 particle sizes, their surface charges and the equilibrium pH of the aqueous CaCO3 dispersion. Finally, the data obtained was used to throw light on the mechanism by which polymeric additives affect the morphology, size and crystalline structure of calcium carbonate CaCO3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]