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Verbal communication during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) procedures is essential for safe and efficient cardiac surgery, yet sensitive to failure due to a current lack of standardization. The goal of this study was to improve communication during CABG by identifying critical items in verbal interaction between surgeons, anesthetists, and perfusionists. Based on 6 video recordings, a list was assembled containing items of communication in CABG procedures. Personal interviews and a consecutive focus group meeting with surgeons, anesthetists, and perfusionists revealed which of these items were considered critical. Afterward, the recordings were systematically analyzed on the communication of these critical items. Practitioners considered 64 items to be critical to verbally communicate for safe CABG surgery. On average, these critical items were verbalized in 4.4 out of 6 recorded CABGs. Observations also show that the surgical subteam is the most verbally active subteam and the initiator of the majority of all exchanges. The exchange type involved was mainly "direction" and "status." The majority of communication during critical events is between 2 subteams and occurs in the form of call-back loops. Over half of the call-backs are substantive and communication is rarely directed at a specific team member by name. In this study, a list was developed containing 64 items that practitioners unanimously considered critical to verbalize during a CABG procedure. It forms the foundation of a quality standard for verbal communication during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and can increase safety and efficiency of cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the smart city vision increasingly shapes our urban life globally, it becomes ever more urgent to integrate participatory futuring in ongoing smart city-related technology development. This study aimed to find starting points for such integration by unraveling the 'guiding visions' of corporate technological innovators in the smart mobility and transport sector around Amsterdam. We conducted and analyzed interviews with innovators from 12 smart city start-ups and scale-ups based on three elements of guiding visions: (1) the desired future city, (2) the purposes of technologies they expect to fulfill, and (3) how technologies are thought to relate to their wider societal context. The interviewed innovators appeared to envision a clean, frictionless future city, whereby smart city technologies fulfilled four purposes: catalyzing efficiency, nudging citizens, customizing user experiences, and connecting places and people. Innovators' ambitions for societal participation were modest and mainly aimed at end-users to optimize design features. Overall, the innovators' guiding visions highlight the need for participatory futuring approaches that appeal to innovators' motivation to make a social contribution, but also help them to widen and deepen their understanding of the public values that citizens perceive to be at stake in the smart city. • Tech start-up innovators express optimistic and critical smart city visions. • Innovators' optimistic visions deserve enrichment through participatory futuring. • Innovators' critical visions make them battle comrades in participatory futuring. • Our identified visions serve as input for participatory futuring formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]