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Une revue systématique visant à évaluer l'apport de l'échographie dans la détection de l'enthésite chez les patients porteurs d'arthrite juvénile idiopathique (AJI). Une recherche bibliographique a été menée dans les bases de données PubMed et Embase pour la période comprise entre janvier 1966 et mai 2021 ; les articles qui répondaient aux critères d'inclusion selon la définition de l'enthésite échographique et les propriétés métrologiques étudiées ont été sélectionnés. Nous avons évalué les caractéristiques cliniques de la population cible, le design de l'étude, le type et le nombre d'enthèses examinées, la définition et le système de cotation de l'enthésite échographique ainsi que les propriétés métrologiques définies par le filtre OMERACT (vérité, discrimination et faisabilité). La qualité méthodologique des études a été analysée au moyen de l'échelle QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2). Cinq publications remplissaient les critères d'inclusion (26 à 146 patients et 1 à 10 sites d'enthèse examinés bilatéralement). Toutes les études étaient axées sur les enthèses des membres inférieurs. Les lésions élémentaires incluses dans la définition de l'enthésite chez l'adulte ont été généralement évaluées. Peu d'études ont rapporté la fiabilité de l'échographie et aucune n'a évalué sa sensibilité au changement. Les anomalies échographiques des enthèses étaient visibles chez 9,4 % à 53 % des patients atteints d'AJI et 20 % à 83 % des cas d'arthrite liée à l'enthésite (ERA). Il n'a été retrouvé aucune anomalie significative chez les sujets sains. L'exploration échographique a été faiblement corrélée à l'examen clinique. La qualité globale des études était faible, en raison notamment de l'absence de test de référence. L'échographie est un outil qui affiche une bonne sensibilité pour la détection des anomalies des enthèses dans l'AJI. D'après les données actuelles, il n'existe pas de définition échographique standardisée de l'enthésite dans la population pédiatrique. Par ailleurs, les critères de validité externe et interne de l'échographie n'ont pas été établis. A systematic review to assess the value of ultrasonography (US) for detecting enthesitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published from January 1966 to May 2021; we selected those meeting the inclusion criteria according to the US definition of enthesitis and metric properties studied. We assessed the clinical features of the population, study design, the type and number of entheses examined, the definition and scoring system of US enthesitis and metric properties according to the OMERACT filter (truth, discrimination, feasibility). The quality of the studies was evaluated with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2. Five publications met the inclusion criteria (26 to 146 patients and 1 to 10 bilaterally examined entheses). All studies focused on lower-limb entheses. The elementary lesions included in the definition of adult enthesitis were generally assessed. Few studies reported US reliability, and none evaluated sensitivity to change of US. US revealed entheseal abnormalities in 9.4 % to 53 % of JIA patients and 20 % to 83 % of enthesitis-related arthritis cases. No significant abnormalities were found in healthy children. US findings were poorly correlated with clinical examination. The overall quality of the studies was low, mainly because of the lack of a reference standard. US is a sensitive tool to detect entheseal abnormalities in JIA. The current evidence highlights that a standardized US definition of enthesitis in children is lacking and US criteria and discriminant validity have not been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La spiritualité est une thématique souvent évoquée en psychologie existentielle, c'est aussi un terme complexe et ambiguë. Nous avons développé le concept de spiritualité implicite, c'est-à-dire que nous abordons la spiritualité qu'elle soit religieuse ou non religieuse (areligieuse) sans la nommer. Nous travaillons uniquement à partir des dimensions qui la constituent. C'est au fil de notre pratique professionnelle que le concept de « spiritualité implicite » a pris forme. Par conséquent nous présentons dans cet article la validation d'une échelle de spiritualité implicite. Spirituality is a theme often evoked in existential psychology, it is also a complex and ambiguous term. We have developed the concept of implicit spirituality, that is to say that we approach spirituality whether it is religious or non-religious (areligious) without naming it. We work only from the dimensions that constitute it. It is through our professional practice that the concept of "implicit spirituality" has taken shape. Consequently, in this article we present the validation of a scale of implicit spirituality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectif.- On constate une préoccupation croissante concernant la véracité des publications scientifiques. La probabilité qu'un résultat publié soit vrai peut dépendre de la puissance de l'étude et d'éventuels biais ; du nombre d'autres études sur le même sujet ; et, de manière cruciale, du taux de résultats positifs par rapport à celui de résultats nuls parmi les rapports étudiés par chaque domaine scientifique. Des simulations sont effectuées pour évaluer la probabilité qu'un résultat publié soit faux. Dans ce contexte, un résultat a une moindre probabilité de véracité quand le nombre d'études similaires effectuées dans un domaine donné est petit ; quand les tailles d'effet sont plus petites ; quand le nombre de relations étudiées est plus important et leur présélection plus petite ; quand il y a une plus grande flexibilité dans le protocole, les définitions, les mesures et la modalité d'analyse ; quand il y a un plus grand intérêt financier (avec le biais qui peut l'accompagner) ; et quand plusieurs équipes dans un domaine sont engagées dans une course aux résultats qui soient statistiquement significatifs. Pour de nombreux champs de recherche actuels, des résultats publiés ne sont ni plus ni moins qu'un reflet fidèle des biais régnants. Dans cet essai, j'explore les implications de ces problèmes par rapport à la conduite et l'interprétation de la recherche. There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of true to no relationships among the relationships probed in each scientific field. Simulations are performed to assess the likelihood that a published result is false. In this framework, a research finding is less likely to be true when the studies conducted in a field are smaller; when effect sizes are smaller; when there is a greater number and lesser preselection of tested relationships; where there is greater flexibility in designs, definitions, outcomes, and analytical modes; when there is greater financial and other interest and prejudice; and when more teams are involved in a scientific field in chase of statistical significance. For many current scientific fields, claimed research findings may often be simply accurate measures of the prevailing bias. In this essay, I discuss the implications of these problems for the conduct and interpretation of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermoeconomic analysis of two novel geothermal driven trigeneration systems is presented. • The systems are developed to operate in complete CHP or CCP modes independently. • The systems can be simply switched between summer and winter modes. • The levelized product cost of System II is 28.51 $/GJ for summer application mode • The proposed systems perform better than the available similar ones in the literature. Novel tri-generation systems are developed to operate in a complete CHP or CCP mode, with having relatively simple configuration to meet a cost-effective design. The system consists of conventional Rankine and ejector refrigeration cycles in which CO 2 is used as the environmentally-friendly working media (System I). To enhance performance of the proposed System I, a modification is made by incorporation of an internal heat exchanger to form the System II. Thermoeconomic performance of the systems are evaluated and optimized based on levelized cost of system products. Also, the reliability of the proposed systems are evaluated and discussed. It is found that, the proposed System II has exergy efficiency and levelized product cost of 39.68% and 28.51 $/GJ, for summer application mode. The results also indicated that at optimal operating conditions, System II has lower levelized product cost than System I by 10.4% and 2.3%, besides it has higher exergy efficiency than System I by 11.4% and 4.0%, for summer and winter modes, respectively. However, for winter applications, System I performs better than System II in terms of heating output and thermal efficiency by 97.3% and 34.1%, respectively. The results demonstrated that, the proposed systems offer opportunity of selecting a suitable one depending on the user's energy (power, cold or heat) demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• The reliability of R290 rotary compressor experimentally and numerically studied. • Study was conducted at ambient temperature (t a) 35°C, 46°C, 55°C, with SO, MO oil. • Oil sump viscosity decreases with the increase of t a , and solubility varies little. • Oil film thicknesses of bearings were analyzed at different t a. • The motor still works normally with condensing temperature 70°C. The R290 rotary compressor is suggested to use in split room air conditioners in hot climate areas for its higher efficiency, environmental-friendly, and lower discharge temperature. However the higher condensing temperature and pressure would result in reliability problems. In this paper the reliability of rotary compressor with R290&MO and R290&SO (mainly including the motor reliability; the oil sump viscosity, temperature and solubility; the oil film thickness of bearings) under the ambient temperature of 35 °C,46 °C,55 °C were studied experimentally and numerically. The results show that the motor temperature in R290 rotary compressor is lower than the allowable maximum temperature even under the condition of EXT/8 (condensing temperature = 70 °C). In addition, the oil sump viscosity of either synthetic oil (SO) or mineral oil (MO) decrease with the increase of ambient temperature (SO: from 4.7cp to 3.1cp; MO: from 2.2cp to 1.6cp), while under any condition, the solubility of SO (15%–16%) or MO (22%–25%) varies little. Besides, in the high ambient temperature (46 °Cand 55 °C), it is feasible to increase suction superheat to satisfy the proper viscosity when MO is used, while it is infeasible to SO. Influenced by oil viscosity and load, the oil film thickness of main bearing, sub bearing and eccentric bearing decrease with the increase of ambient temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ce manuscrit rapporte les résultats de trois études sur la fiabilité et la validité de l'Échelle de compréhension sociale des enfants (ÉCSE), une adaptation française du questionnaire parental Children's Social Understanding Scale développé par Tahiroglu et al. (2014). Dans une première étude administrée aux parents de 382 jeunes enfants, l'ÉCSE démontre dans sa fiabilité interne et ses corrélations avec d'autres construits des propriétés similaires à la version originale anglaise de l'échelle. Une deuxième étude (n = 63) démontre la fiabilité test-retest de l'échelle alors qu'une troisième étude (n = 68) confirme que les réponses parentales sur l'ÉCSE corrèlent positivement avec les scores des enfants sur une échelle comportementale de théorie de l'esprit. Ces données confirment la fiabilité et la validité de l'ÉCSE, offrant un nouvel outil aux chercheurs travaillant avec des populations d'enfants francophones. This manuscript presents data on the reliability and validity of a French translation of the Children's Social Understanding Scale (CSUS; Tahiroglu et al., 2014), a parent-report scale assessing theory of mind in young children. In a first study, parents of 382 typically developing children (34–82 months; M = 55 months; 193 males) completed an online questionnaire (215 in English and 167 in French) including the CSUS or its French translation, l'Échelle de compréhension sociale des enfants (ÉCSE), as well as subscales of the short-form Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ; Putnam & Rothbart, 2006) and demographic questions. Internal consistency of the CSUS/ÉCSE was high and similar between French and original English versions (French: long form α =.929, ρ =.933, n = 99, short form α =.896, ρ =.901, n = 128; English: long form α =.935, ρ =.936, n = 100, short form α =.860, ρ =.869, n = 146). Correlations between the mean CSUS/ÉCSE score and children's age in months were significantly positive and similar across languages, English: r =.478, P <.001, French: r =.569, P <.001, difference: Z = 1.21, P =.226, ns. In both languages, the CSUS/ÉCSE correlated positively with CBQ subscales of attention (English: r (205) =.298, P <.001; French: r (165) =.353, P <.001) and inhibition (English: r (205) =.538, P <.001; French: r (165) =.421, P <.001). A confirmatory factor analysis constraining variances and covariances of the six CSUS/ÉCSE subscales to be equal between languages yielded a non-significant Chi2, χ 2(33) = 6.204, ns. In a second study, French-speaking parents completed the ÉCSE twice one week apart for 63 children (M child age: 50 months; 31 females). Test-retest reliability was high, r =.967. In a third study, 68 children (33–78 months; M = 54 months; 30 males) were administered the four easiest tasks of a widely used behavioral theory of mind scale (Wellman & Liu, 2004) and their French-speaking parents completed the ÉCSE. Behavioral theory of mind from the Wellman & Liu (2004) scale and parent-report theory of mind from the ÉCSE were positively correlated (long form: r (68) =.350, P =.003; short form: r (68) =.364, P =.002), and these correlations held even after controlling for age (long form: r =.281, P =.021; short form: r (68) =.242, P =.049). Together, these findings support the reliability and validity of the French-language ÉCSE. Translated items are provided in appendix for use by researchers working with francophone populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary Objective This study aimed at identifying the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the Ruffier Index (RI) when performed by children. Methods A total of 352 6/11/2018participants (mean age: 10.41 ± 1.02 years; 47.2% girls) carried out the Ruffier test twice with an interval of one week between both evaluations, to identify the RI test-retest reliability. The maximal oxygen consumption as estimated by the Course-Navette test was used to determine its convergent validity. Results The RI showed a "poor" test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.43–0.64). The relationship between RI and estimated maximal oxygen consumption was "acceptable" for both the test (r = −0.37; P = 0.003) and retest (r = −0.32; P = 0.01) in the girls' case, while for the boys it was "poor" (r = −0.12; P = 0.04 and r = −0.25; P = 0.02). Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that the RI shows a "poor" test-retest reliability and a convergent validity ranging from "acceptable" to "poor", when administered to children under 12 years of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectifs Il ne fait pas de doute que les circonférences, mesurées à différents endroits des segments corporels, ont de nombreuses applications. Les études utilisant les circonférences ont souvent des applications cliniques mais sont basées sur une supposée. De façon générale, la littérature nous offre peu ou aucune justification pour le choix d’une circonférence particulière pour une application particulière. Le but de ce travail est d’établir une relation entre chaque circonférence et (i) les masses tissulaires du segment et (ii) avec les masses tissulaires du corps entier afin d’établir un rapport de fiabilité de chaque circonférence. Matériel et méthodes Après un protocole anthropométrique, les cadavres bien conservés de 23 sujets caucasiens minces (9 hommes âgés de 74,8 ± 5,7 ans et 14 femmes âgées de 79,2 ± 7,3 ans) ont été disséqués selon le modèle à 5 composants et les résultats ont été exprimés au niveau du système tissulaire, à savoir peau, muscle, tissu adipeux, viscères et os. Résultats La relation va de r = 0,80 à r = 0,99 ( p < 0,01). Cependant, le constituant auquel la circonférence est liée n’est pas toujours celui auquel on s’attendait ; le tour de taille reflète la mesure de la masse musculaire, celle du bras le tissu adipeux et celles du coude, de l’avant-bras et du poignet, celle de la peau. D’un autre côté, un certain nombre de circonférences représentent le constituant de la composition corporelle auquel on s’attendait ; le tour de tête est le reflet de la masse osseuse ; le tour de thorax et celui des hanches reflètent le tissu adipeux ; le cou, le haut de la cuisse, le milieu de la cuisse et le mollet reflètent la masse musculaire. Conclusion Cette étude suggère la réappréciation de la circonférence de la taille. Cette mesure n’est pas fiable pour les individus minces mais pourrait l’être pour les obèses. Il semble que la combinaison du tour de poitrine et de celui des hanches pourrait avoir une application plus générale en santé publique. Au total, ces données confirment la signification attribuable d’une série de circonférences alors que d’autres semblent douteuses ou sont rejetées. Summary Objectives There may be no doubt that circumferences, measured at different sites of body segments, have a variety of applications. Studies using girths are often used for clinical applications but they are based on assumed logic. Within a general context, no literature is found as to the origin of choice of a particular circumference for a particular application. The purpose of this study is to relate each circumference (i) with the segmental tissue masses and (ii) with all whole body tissue masses; in order to provide a complete constitutional reliability report of each girth available. Material and methods Subsequent to an anthropometric protocol, twenty-three (9 male aged 74.8 ± 5.7 years and 14 female aged 79.2 ± 7.3 years) well-preserved white Caucasian cadavers, of lean subjects were dissected according the 5-component model and expressed on its tissue-system level e.g. skin, muscle, adipose tissue, viscera, and bones. Results The relations range from r = 0.80 to r = 0.99 ( P < 0.01). However, the constituent to which the circumference is related to is not always the a priori assumed/expected constituent; waist circumference as a measure of muscle mass; upper arm circumference as a measure of AT mass; elbow, forearm and wrist circumference as measures of skin mass. On the other hand, a number of circumferences do represent the body composition constituent that is expected; head circumference as a measure of bone mass; chest and hip circumference as measures of AT mass; neck, upper thigh, mid-thigh and calf circumference as measures of muscle mass. Conclusion This study suggests the appreciation of the waist circumference. This measure is not valid for lean individuals, but might be for the obese. It is suggested likewise that a combination of chest and hip circumference may have a more general application within the public health sector. In summary, evidence confirms the reliability of a series of circumferences but creates doubts or rejects other colloquially established perimeters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Chez la femme, l’hormone anti-müllérienne (AMH) est sécrétée par les cellules de la granulosa des follicules en croissance. Son dosage est donc fortement corrélé au compte folliculaire antral et représente un marqueur fiable de la réserve ovarienne. Elle a de plus l’avantage d’être très reproductible puisqu’elle n’a que peu de variation intra- et inter-cyclique. Cependant, elle semble être un bon reflet quantitatif de la réserve ovarienne et non qualitatif. Cet obstacle ne fait pas de ce dosage un bon prédicteur de la fertilité féminine dans la population générale. Par contre, l’intérêt de l’AMH dans le cadre de certaines situations à risque ou dans la prise en charge de différentes pathologies est bien établi et elle peut devenir un marqueur indirect de la fertilité féminine. En effet, le dosage de l’AMH se révèle très utile dans le dépistage de situations à risque telles que l’insuffisance ovarienne prématurée débutante ou au contraire le syndrome des ovaires polymicrokystiques. Son intérêt n’est plus à prouver en procréation médicale assistée où elle est une aide précieuse aux choix des techniques envisagées, des protocoles de stimulation ovarienne et de la dose de gonadotrophines. L’AMH est enfin très informative dans le suivi des patientes atteintes de cancer ayant nécessité l’utilisation de produits ovario-toxiques ou ayant subi des chirurgies mutilantes pour les ovaires. En conclusion, bien qu’elle ne puisse être considérée isolément comme un prédicteur fiable de chance de grossesse chez la femme, l’AMH fait partie des dosages incontournables dans la prise en charge de la fertilité féminine. In women, the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is secreted by the granulosa cells of growing follicles. Its measurement is strongly correlated with antral follicle count and represents a reliable marker of ovarian reserve. It also has the advantage of being highly reproducible since it has little variation within and between cycles. However, although it seems to be a good quantitative reflection of the ovarian reserve, it does not assess the oocyte quality. This drawback precludes any good prediction of female fertility in the general population. However, the AMH assay can become an indirect marker of female fertility in some situations at risk for premature ovarian failure or in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Its interest is no more to be proven in assisted reproductive technology where it is a valuable aid to the choice of the proposed techniques, ovarian stimulation protocols and gonadotropin doses. AMH is finally very informative in monitoring cancer patients having received ovariotoxic drugs or having undergone mutilating ovarian surgeries. In conclusion, although it cannot be considered itself as a reliable predictor of pregnancy in women, AMH is now a must in the management and treatment of female infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Objective The present study aimed to examine the reproducibility of heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) values obtained during different incremental treadmill tests. Equipment and methods Twenty male, recreational, endurance-trained runners (10-km running pace: 10–15 km·h −1 ) performed, in a counterbalanced order, three continuous incremental exercise tests with different speed increments (0.5 km·h −1 , 1 km·h −1 and 2 km·h −1 ). Thereafter, each participant performed the three tests again, maintaining the same order as before. The reproducibility of the HR and RPE values were analyzed for all protocols during submaximal intensities (8, 10, 12, and 14 km·h −1 ). In addition, it was examined the reproducibility of maximal HR (HR max ) and peak RPE (RPE peak ). Results The variability of both the HR and RPE values showed a tendency to decrease over the stages during the incremental test and was not or slightly influenced by the incremental test design. The HR at 14 km·h −1 and HR max presented the highest reproducibility (CV < 2%). In contrast, the submaximal RPE values showed higher variability indices (i.e., CV > 5.0%). In conclusion, the HR values were highly reproducible during the stages of the incremental test, in contrast to the RPE values that presented limited reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectifs Évaluer la faisabilité et la fiabilité de la cœlioscopie dans la prise en charge thérapeutique des cancers utérins (cancer de l’endomètre [CE] et du col utérin au stade précoce [CCUP]) chez les patientes présentant un IMC ≤ 30 kg/m 2 , dans un service d’oncologie gynécologique favorisant la cœliochirurgie. Patientes et méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude descriptive monocentrique rétrospective réalisée entre janvier 2003 et mai 2011 à l’institut Claudius-Regaud, centre de lutte contre le cancer, Midi-Pyrénées. Depuis 2003, une politique privilégiant la cœlioscopie en première intention a été mise en place. Résultats Deux cent trois patientes ont été analysées, dont 85 atteintes d’un CCUP, et 118 d’un CE. Elle rapporte une fiabilité élevée de la cœlioscopie s’élevant respectivement pour le CE, et le CCUP à des valeurs de l’ordre de 98,8 %, avec une faisabilité de 80,1 % et 97,6 % chez les patientes non obèses. Le taux de laparoconversion était de 1,2 % et de 3,1 %, et le taux de complications peropératoires de 5,9 % et 7,4 %. Les complications postopératoires de grade ≥ 3 selon la classification de « Memorial secondary events grading system » était de 3 (3,5 %) pour le CCUP et 3 (2,5 %) pour le CE. Discussion et conclusion Cette étude retrouve une fiabilité et une faisabilité élevées de la cœlioscopie dans la prise en charge des cancers utérins chez les patientes non obèses. La concurrence de la chirurgie robot-assistée ne peut donc s’envisager que chez les patientes obèses. Elle ne dispense pas de la formation à la chirurgie endoscopique avancée. Objectives Evaluate the fiability and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for the management of uterine cancers [endometrial cancer (EC) and early-stage cervical cancer (ESCC)] with patients who have a BMI ≤ 30 kg/m 2 , within the setting of a gynaecological oncology department. Patients and methods This retrospective, monocentric and descriptive study was carried out between January 2003 and May 2011 at the Institute Claudius-Regaud, a centre for cancer diagnosis, treatment and research. A policy promoting laparoscopy as a first choice treatment has been established at the institute since 2003. Results Two hundred and three patients were included. Eighty-five patients were early-stage cervical cancer patients and 118 patients were endometrial cancer patients. The study shows a high fiability rate for laparoscopy in non-obese patients, with a 98.8% rate for EC patients and a 98.8% rate for ESCC patients. The feasibility rates were 80.1% and 96.6%, respectively. The incidence of laparoconversion was reported at 1.2% and 3.1% for ESCC and EC patients, respectively, while the incidence of peroperative complications was 5.9% and 7.4%. The incidence of postoperative complications rank ≥ 3 according to “Memorial secondary events grading system” was 3 (3.5%) for CCUP and 3 (2.5%) for CE. Discussion and conclusion The results of this study show high fiability and feasibility levels for the laparoscopic treatment of uterine cancers in non-obese patients. There is no need to implement the more expensive robotic-assisted surgery in this group of patients. Mastering advanced laparoscopic surgery remains a mainstay in gynaecologic oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Objective The purposes of this descriptive and exploratory study were to examine electrophysiological measures of ulnar sensory nerve function in disease free adults to determine reliability, determine reference values computed with appropriate statistical methods, and examine predictive ability of anthropometric variables. Methods Antidromic sensory nerve conduction studies of the ulnar nerve using surface electrodes were performed on 100 volunteers. Reference values were computed from optimally transformed data. Reliability was computed from 30 subjects. Multiple linear regression models were constructed from four predictor variables. Results Reliability was greater than 0.85 for all paired measures. Responses were elicited in all subjects; reference values for sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude from above elbow stimulation are 3.3 μV and decrement across-elbow less than 46%. No single predictor variable accounted for more than 15% of the variance in the response. Conclusion Electrophysiologic measures of the ulnar sensory nerve are reliable. Absent SNAP responses are inconsistent with disease free individuals. Reference values recommended in this report are based on appropriate transformations of non-normally distributed data. No strong statistical model of prediction could be derived from the limited set of predictor variables. Significance Reliability analyses combined with relatively low level of measurement error suggest that ulnar sensory reference values may be used with confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Research in Telemedicine / La Recherche Européenne en Télémédecine is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Objectives: At birth, evaluation of neonatal well-being is crucial. It is though important to perform umbilical cord blood gas analysis, and then to analyze the samples. We wanted to establish the feasibility and reliability of systematic umbilical cord blood sampling in a French labour ward. Patients and methods: Study of systematic umbilical cord blood gas analysis was realized retrospectively from 1000 consecutive deliveries. We first established the feasibility of the samples. Feasibility was defined by the ratio of complete cord acid-base data on the number of deliveries from alive newborns. Afterwards, we established the reliability on the remaining cord samples. Reliability was the ratio of samples that fulfilled quality criteria defined by Westgate et al. and revised by Kro et al., on the number of complete samples from alive newborns. At last, we looked for factors that would influence these results. Results: The systematic umbilical cord blood sample feasibility reached 91.6%, and the reliability reached 80.7%. About the delivery mode, 38.6% of emergency caesarians (IC 95% [30.8–46.3]; P <0.0001) led to non-valid samples, when only 11.3% of programmed caesarians (IC 95% [4.3–18.2]; P <0.0001) led to non-valid samples. Umbilical cord blood analysis were significantly less validated during emergency caesarians. Discussion and conclusion: Realization of systematic cord blood gas analysis was followed by 8.4% of incomplete samples, and by 19.3% that were uninterpretable. Training sessions should be organized to improve the feasibility and reliability, especially during emergency caesarians. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Objectives: Treatment complexity of cerebral palsy (CP) patients imposes outcome evaluation studies, which may include objective technical analysis and more subjective functional evaluation. The Edinburgh Gait Score (EGS) was proposed as an additive or alternative when complex instrumented three-dimensional gait analysis is not available. Our purposes were to apply a translated EGS to standard video recordings of independent walking spastic diplegic CP patients, to evaluate its intraobserver and interobserver reliability with respect to gait analysis familiar and not familiar observers. Methods: Ten standard video recordings acquired during routine clinical gait analysis were examined by eight observers gait analysis interpretation experienced or not, out of various specialities, two times with a two weeks interval. Kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient were calculated. Results: Better reliability was observed for foot and knee scores than in proximal segments with significant differences between stance and swing phase. Significantly better results in gait analysis trained observers underlines the importance to either be used to clinical gait analysis interpretation, or to benefit of video analysis training before observational scoring. Conclusion: Visual evaluation may be used for outcome studies to explore clinical changes in CP patients over time and may be associated to other validated evaluation tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Pulse oximeters are routinely used in severely ill patients to detect hypoxemia early. In various clinical situations, however, conventional devices may be unable to display valid values or any value whatsoever. The usefulness of the Signal Extraction Technology (SET) in these situations has not yet been investigated. Method: Twenty-five adult patients requiring norepinephrine, regardless of the reason or dosage, or having a defective signal with a conventional oximeter were equipped with both their conventional saturation sensor (Oxymax Nellcor™) and a SET saturation sensor (Masimo™) connected to its monitor. Saturation values displayed by each pulse oximeter and the SaO2 measured concomitantly by cooximetry were gathered on inclusion and then whenever one of the two sensors did not display a value, or when the difference between the values was greater than five saturation points, or at any time a blood gas analysis was done. Results: During the study period, 83 measures were collected. Using the Bland and Altman method, SaO2 estimates by the SET system were more accurate than those by the conventional system (bias±2 S.D. of 0.0%±3.1% vs 2.1%±11.0%, respectively), even when only valid values (values accompanied by a satisfactory quality index) were considered (0.0%±2.7% vs 1.2%±7.0%). Conclusions: In situations at risk of producing defective signals when using conventional sensors, the SET system provided more valid SaO2 estimates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Résumé: Objectif: L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la fiabilité intra- et interobservateur de la classification de Modic modifiée pour les modifications de l’aspect de la moelle osseuse du rachis lombaire en imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM), en prenant en compte les signaux mixtes. Méthodes: Les IRM lombaires de 94 patients ayant des lombalgies ont été évaluées indépendamment par deux spécialistes du rachis (senior [senior1], junior) et un radiologue (senior2). Un relecteur (senior1) a revu les images IRM deux fois à trois semaines d’intervalle pour l’étude de la fiabilité intraobservateur. Les relecteurs senior2 et junior ont évalué les images IRM une fois. Les modifications de signaux des plateaux vertébraux uniquement œdémateuses étaient classés type I Modic et les modifications purement graisseuses étaient classées type II de Modic. Des modifications mixtes type I et II à prédominance œdémateuse étaient classées Modic I-2 et les modifications mixtes à prédominance graisseuse Modic II-1. Résultats: L’accord intraobservateur était excellent (index pondéré kappa : 0,85). L’accord interobservateur était modéré à important (index pondéré kappa : 0,56–0,74). La fiabilité interobservateurs dépendait de l’expérience de l’observateur, soulignant ainsi l’importance de l’apprentissage. Conclusion: Cette étude montre que la classification modifiée de Modic est fiable et facile à appliquer par des praticiens ayant des expériences cliniques différentes. L’inclusion de modifications mixtes de la moelle dans la classification modifiée pourrait avoir des implications cliniques et thérapeutiques. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The French Classification of the Mental Disorders of the Child and Teenager (CFTMEA), has an Interview of Risk Factors (FR), able to produce psychopathological Signals of Alarm (SA), which hasn’t been modified in the revision 2000-R. Objective: To show the reliability and the validity of the FR interview of the CFTMEA. Subjects: 64 children and teenagers, 32 of them are children of parents with severe mental disorder and the other 32 are children of parents of the general population, paired by age and sex. Material: All the subjects are explored with the FR interview of the CFTMEA, the Observational Scale of the Development of Secadas (EOD), the Scale of Psychopathology of Childhood and the Adolescence of Silva and Martotell (EPIJ-EPC), and the Interview of Psychopathological Alarms for Childhood and Adolescence (ESAPIA). Method: Psychometrics statistical techniques are used to show the reliability and the validity of the FR interview of the CFTMEA. Results: The reliability measured by alpha of Cronbach is high for the FR of the environment (0.8660) and a little minor for FR organics (0.6320). The validity established by the discriminator analysis, like capacity of FR to classify the case in psychiatric or not psychiatric, is more than 80%. The validity established by the correlation between the number of FR in the school age (6–11 years) and the number of sa in adolescence (12–17 years) is high (r =0.75). Conclusion: The reliability and the validity of the FR investigation of the CFTMEA are high. Their use can be advised in order to detect populations with mental health in risk, singularly at the school age (6-11 years). The FR Interview of the CFTMEA can be used for research, by taking into account that the total number of FR collected by the CFTMEA, is different according to the context, due to the fact that certain FR tend to join others, according to the context. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the variability of EEG power spectrum data, considering the time course of the EEG spectrum in resting conditions, and the relationship between the spectral parameters and the length of the analyzed segments. Recordings were performed in 57 normal subjects, with a protocol consisting of regular cycles with open eyes (5 s) followed by closed eyes (55 s) repeated during 10 min. Towards the end of the recording there was a decrease in the alpha and beta power and an increase in the delta and theta power. The coefficient of variation (CV) for the power of 4 s epochs was in the range 0.49–0.67 (delta), 0.53–0.58 (theta), 0.58–0.76 (alpha), 0.37–0.49 (beta) and 0.09–0.12 for the alpha peak frequency. CV decreased with the increase of the sample size, being inversely proportional to the square root of the sample size. Increasing the recording length from 40 to 400 s increased CV by 36% (alpha), 41% (beta), 29% (delta) and 35% (theta), while the standard error of the mean decreased by 55–60%. It is concluded that the power estimates of the EEG activity are heavily dependent on the length of the analyzed segments, and the way they are selected. This observation is particularly relevant for clinical and drug studies where short recordings are often used, thus significantly biasing the estimation of the EEG parameters. The present data provide an estimate on the minimal length of EEG required for a given level of variability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTR) are the most frequently reported acute adverse effects of blood products, and should be notified within 48 h according to the hemovigilance regulation. In order to study the conformity of these notifications and to search for factors associated with non-conformity, we retrospectively studied all FNHTR notified by voluntary centers of the AIRSEH group from 1st September 1994 to 31st December 1999. Seven hundred and sixty-one FNHTR were registered by 10 centers, most of them were benign (grade 1); 67.8% were non-conform. The non-conformity was associated with the number of biological investigations performed (median number, respectively, 4.24 and 2.94—P = 0.038—in non-conform and conform notifications—P = 0.038) in univariate analysis. Using a logistic regression model, center and severity were the only two factors significantly associated with non-conformity. Different center practices, and in particular the interface between the hospital and the blood bank, may be responsible for the effect center. Moreover, the non-conformity concerns first of all benign FNHTR. A stronger separation between alert and epidemiological surveillance is proposed in order to improve the notifications’ conformity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Résumé Objectifs Le cancer de l’endomètre est le cancer gynécologique le plus fréquent en France. La stratégie de prise en charge dépend du degré d’envahissement du myomètre par la tumeur, la stadification reposant sur un critère d’envahissement de plus ou moins 50 %. L’examen de première intention est l’échographie pelvienne, mais l’imagerie par résonance magnétique est l’examen recommandé. Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer les performances respectives de l’échographie et de l’IRM pour la stadification des cancers localisés. Méthodes Il s’agit d’une étude observationnelle rétrospective, réalisée de juillet 2012 à juillet 2014, au CHU de Nancy, portant sur toutes les patientes prise en charge pour un cancer de l’endomètre de stade I, ayant bénéficié d’une échographie pelvienne et d’une IRM pour l’évaluation de l’infiltration myométriale. Résultats Vingt-neuf patientes ont été incluses, avec un âge moyen de 69 ans et un IMC de 30 kg/m 2 . On retrouve pour la performance de l’évaluation de l’envahissement myométrial en échographie, une sensibilité de 58 %, une spécificité de 100 %, une valeur prédictive positive (VPP) de 100 %, une valeur prédictive négative (VPN) de 70 % et une fiabilité de 75 %. En IRM, une sensibilité de 83 %, une spécificité de 100 %, une VPP de 83 %, une VPN de 88 % et une fiabilité de 86 %. Conclusion L’échographie par voie endovaginale doit être réalisée devant des métrorragies post-ménopausiques. Elle reste envisageable dans la stadification des cancers localisés. Objectives Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in France. The therapeutic management is based on preoperative staging. The recommended imaging examination remains the MRI. This is to evaluate ultrasound and MRI in the staging for localized cancers. Methods This is a retrospective observational study, conducted from July 2012 to July 2014, at the University Hospital of Nancy, on all patients care for endometrial cancer stage I, who underwent a pelvic ultrasound and MRI for the assessment of myometrial infiltration. Results Twenty-nine patients were included with a mean age of 69 years and a BMI of 30 kg/m 2 . Using ultrasound, we have a sensitivity of 58%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 70% and an accuracy of 75%. Using MRI, we have a sensitivity of 83%, a specificity of 100%, a PPV of 83%, a VPN of 88%, and an accuracy of 86%. Conclusion Transvaginal sonography should be performed before post-menopausal bleeding. It remains possible in the staging of localized cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le contrôle postural en station debout est généralement évalué par l'observation du déplacement du centre de pression. Il existe cependant un manque de standardisation quant au nombre d'essais à effectuer. Ce présent projet vise à proposer un nombre d'essais à effectuer lors de l'évaluation du contrôle postural en condition de simple et double tâche. Trente jeunes adultes ont été divisés en deux groupes égaux : simple tâche (22,4 ± 3,00 ans) et double tâche (21,2 ± 1,26 ans). Chaque participant devait se tenir debout sur une plateforme de force avec les pieds collés, les bras le long du corps et les yeux fixés vers l'avant pendant 20 essais de 60 secondes. De plus, le groupe de double tâche devaient effectuer une tâche cognitive continue et silencieuse durant les essais. La fiabilité de différentes variables du centre de pression (air d'oscillation, vitesse moyenne, écart-type et sample entropy) a par la suite été calculée à l'aide du coefficient de corrélation intra-classe (CCI[2,k]). Les CCI ont été calculés en ajoutant un essai à la fois jusqu'à ce qu'une valeur de 0,900 soit obtenue pour deux essais consécutifs. Les résultats suggèrent que la quantité d'essais nécessaire pour obtenir deux CCI consécutifs de 0,900 varie entre trois et sept pour le groupe de simple tâche et entre cinq et neuf pour le groupe de double tâche selon la variable observée. Cette étude permet de donner un référentiel quant au nombre d'essais à effectuer avec un protocole similaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction La baropodométrie électronique est un outil important pour localiser les hyper-appuis plantaires sous les têtes métatarsiennes en pratique podologique. L’objectif principal était d’étudier la fiabilité de la localisation visuelle des hyper-appuis en statique. Matériel et méthodes Cinquante-quatre pieds (27 patients) ont été analysés (condition statique, 30 secondes, 3 acquisitions) sur une plateforme Win-Pod (Medicapteurs, Toulouse), à deux temps différents (T1 et T2). Cinq cadrans (correspondant aux 5 têtes métatarsiennes) ont été définis graphiquement sur l’empreinte pour localiser l’appui maximal. Une localisation visuelle de l’appui maximal a été réalisée par 5 podologues. Le taux d’erreur inter-évaluateur et les reproductibilités intra- (à T1 et T2) et inter-évaluations (entre T1 et T2) ont été analysés. Résultats Le taux d’erreur inter-évaluateur était de 30 %. Le taux moyen d’erreur par empreinte était de 20 % (maximum pour le cadran de la 5 e tête). La reproductibilité intra- et inter-évaluations montrait un taux d’erreur de 20 à 30 %, maximal au niveau des têtes métatarsiennes moyennes. La réalisation d’une seule acquisition à chaque temps n’augmentait pas le taux d’erreur. Discussion–conclusion L’erreur de localisation visuelle des hyper-appuis par les podologues est souvent due à une confusion entre intensité et surface de l’appui, d’où l’intérêt d’une automatisation du processus de localisation par le logiciel, basé sur une méthode graphique. La multiplication des essais ne semble pas nécessaire à l’obtention d’un résultat stable dans le temps en utilisant une acquisition statique de 30 secondes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]