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In high-performance sport, an athlete's ability to overcome setbacks and sustain their pursuit of long-term goals is essential for success. Grit (i.e., passion and perseverance over long-terms) has been linked to success in a variety of domains but is often critiqued for its limited predictive utility when compared to other psychological variables including self-control, conscientiousness, and mental toughness. The purpose of this study was to examine whether grit predicted important athlete outcomes (i.e., various measures of sport performance and athlete well-being) beyond other determinants of success. Data from 214 collegiate student-athletes (111 women, 103 men; M age = 21.02, SD = 2.26) from Western Canadian universities were analysed. When predicting performance, the addition of the grit subscales (i.e., consistency of interests, perseverance of effort, adaptability to situations) explained an additional 11% of variance (R 2 = 0.37, F [7, 203] = 7.16, p <.001) beyond self-control, conscientiousness, and mental toughness in subjective sport performance perceptions; however, grit did not add unique variance when entered into models predicting athlete goal achievement perceptions or highest level of competition. When predicting well-being, addition of the grit subscales added 18% of unique variance (R 2 = 0.43, F [7, 203] = 21.43, p <.001) beyond other determinants of success in eudaimonic well-being, and 5% (R 2 = 0.17, F [7, 203] = 6.95, p <.001) in satisfaction with sport, but did not add any unique variance to the model predicting mood. The partial support of the predictive utility of grit illustrates the complexity of forecasting success in sport and offers evidence that grit should continue to be studied as a motivational disposition in the domain of sport. • Grit subscales (PE, CI, AS) added unique variance to models predicting performance and well-being. • PE was a significant predictor of some measures of performance and well-being, while CI was not. • A new grit subscale—AS—was a significant predictor of some measures of performance and well-being. • Mental toughness was the most consistent predictor of our six performance and well-being. • Conscientiousness and self-control did not significantly contribute to regression models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the associations between women''s actual:ideal weight-related self-discrepancies and experiences of weight-related shame, guilt, and authentic pride using self-discrepancy (Higgins, 1987) and self-conscious emotion (Tracy & Robins, 2004) theories as guiding frameworks. Participants (N =398) completed self-report questionnaires. Main analyses involved polynomial regressions, followed by the computation and evaluation of response surface values. Actual and ideal weight self-states were related to shame (R 2 =.35), guilt (R 2 =.25), and authentic pride (R 2 =.08). When the discrepancy between actual and ideal weights increased, shame and guilt also increased, while authentic pride decreased. Findings provide partial support for self-discrepancy theory and the process model of self-conscious emotions. Experiencing weight-related self-discrepancies may be important cognitive appraisals related to shame, guilt, and authentic pride. Further research is needed exploring the relations between self-discrepancies and a range of weight-related self-conscious emotions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract Objectives The purpose was to explore the relationship between athletes' self-compassion and perceptions of their teammates' self-compassion (descriptive norm). A secondary purpose was to explore whether gender moderated this relationship. Design Cross-sectional, online survey. Method Team sport competitive athletes (N = 108; M age = 23.1 years; SD age = 4.68) reported their descriptive norm perceptions of their teammates' self-compassion as well as their own self-compassion. Results Hierarchical regression analysis indicated a positive relationship between descriptive norms and self-compassion, explaining 17.2% of the variance in self-compassion. The more it was perceived that teammates were engaging in self-compassion, the more likely athletes reported being self-compassionate (β = 0.39). There were no significant main or interaction effects of gender. Conclusions Athletes' self-compassion is related to their perceptions of how often their teammates are self-compassionate. Coaches and sport psychologists should encourage athletes to build awareness about how their cognitions and behaviours relate to others' cognitions and behaviours. Highlights • Team sport athletes (n = 108) participated via online surveys in a cross-sectional design. • Athlete perceptions of their teammates' self-compassion positively related to individual self-compassion. • Gender did not moderate the relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To examine self-compassion as a way to promote healthy responses in women athletes when faced with emotionally difficult sport-specific situations. Design Phase I, cross-sectional; Phase II, experimental. Methods In Phase I, participants ( N = 101; M age = 20.0, SD = 2.8 years) completed measures of self-compassion, self-esteem, and narcissism, as well as reactions, thoughts, and emotions in response to hypothetical (i.e., responsible for a team loss) and recalled scenarios. Participants returning for Phase II were randomly assigned to a brief self-compassion induction ( n = 21), self-esteem induction ( n = 20), or writing control ( n = 18) group. Following the induction, they responded to the same hypothetical scenario as in Phase I. Phase I results After partialling out self-esteem and narcissism, self-compassion was related ( p < .01) to negative affect ( r = −.40), catastrophizing thoughts ( r = −.30), personalizing thoughts ( r = −.32), and behavioral equanimity ( r = .28) for the hypothetical scenario. A similar pattern was found for the recalled scenario. Phase II results A MANOVA with Phase I self-compassion, self-esteem, and narcissism as covariates resulted in a non-significant group by time interaction, Wilks' Lambda = .75, F (12,96) = 1.27, p = .25. Follow-up hierarchical regression analysis showed Phase I levels of self-compassion as the only significant predictor for negative affect, personalizing thoughts, and behavioral equanimity. Conclusions Women athletes with higher self-compassion levels generally responded in healthier ways to emotionally difficult hypothetical and recalled situations in sport than their less self-compassionate counterparts. However, future research needs continued focus on evaluating self-compassion inductions and interventions for use in sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objectives: To examine whether proxy efficacy could be increased through an intervention targeting the four sources of efficacy using a written message. Design: Phase 1 (N = 33) tested the stimulus materials to ensure that the intervention message contained significantly more sources of efficacy than the controls. Phase 2 (N = 86) was an intervention assessing the effectiveness of the stimulus materials in increasing proxy efficacy. Method: In Phase 1, female novice exercisers were randomly assigned to read either an attention control (AC) or proxy efficacy-enhancing (PEE) message about an exercise class leader. Participants completed manipulation checks assessing content, readability, and inclusion of the sources of efficacy. In Phase 2, participants were randomly assigned to AC or PEE groups and read the stimulus materials tested in Phase 1. In order to establish baseline efficacy, all participants read an AC message at Time 1. At Time 2 one week later, the PEE group read the PEE message while the AC group read a second AC message. Participants'' proxy efficacy was assessed at both time points in Phase 2. Results: In Phase 1, results revealed that the participants who read the PEE message agreed that their stimulus material contained significantly more efficacy-enhancing information than did participants who read the AC messages. In Phase 2, MANCOVA revealed that, after controlling for Time 1 proxy efficacy, the PEE group had significantly greater proxy efficacy at Time 2 than the AC group. Conclusions: Results suggest that proxy efficacy can be increased through targeted written messages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There is minimal research on the sport experiences of racialized young women athletes in Canada. When studying racialized groups, an inclusive and meaningful approach to research is necessary because ethnicity and race are integral to understanding identity, diversity, discrimination, and overall experiences in sport. The purpose of this qualitative description study was to explore the identities and body-related sport experiences of racialized young women athletes in a variety of sports in Canada. Eight racialized young women athletes (ages 14–18 years; M age = 16.63, SD = 1.19) participated in multiple semi-structured one-on-one interviews and reflexive photography. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted, and three overarching themes were generated that describe the athletes' identities and body-related sport experiences: (a) Who I am vs who they say I am; (b) My unique body in sport; and (c) The importance of representation. From these findings, three critical factors – intersectionality, discrimination, and diversity – are examined that influence the quality of sport experiences for racialized young women athletes in Canada. • Racialized young women athletes have intersecting identities that are vital in navigating their sport experiences in Canada. • Discrimination, systemic stereotyping, and conflicting expectations influence the sport experiences of these athletes in Canada. • Physical bodies that represent diversity in sport influence the quality of sport experiences of racialized young women athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore how seriously injured women athletes perceive and experience global and sport psychological well-being (PWB) during sport injury recovery. Adopting an interpretivist constructionist approach, we conducted one semi-structured interview with twelve participants (12 interviews total), aged 18–23. All participants were currently seriously injured, with a range of six months out of sport. Through a reflexive thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2019) we analyzed patterns within the data related to how injured athletes perceived and experienced global and sport specific PWB during sport injury recovery. Four overarching themes were developed: (1) my life is chaos and out of control, (2) pressures shaping response to sport injury, (3) maybe I can: adaptation from the disruption of sport injury, and (4) sport injury growth (SIG). Participants experienced an initial disruption of sport PWB and global PWB, however once they were able to adapt, they could rebalance their PWBs. Once rebalanced, participants reappraised the injury experience to be an opportunity for psychological growth and development, leading to the possibility of SIG. Findings suggest that sport injury can initially hinder one's PWB, however once one can rebalance their PWB sport injury is perceived as a positive event that can lead to SIG. These findings reveal that it is important to consider the role of PWB during sport injury, as it has been identified that there are disruptions to one's PWB. These findings help further our understanding of injured athletes' experiences of PWB during sport injury and how athletes could be better supported to protect their PWB and mental health during recovery. • At first the psychological ramifications of injury are perceived as negative. • Social support was perceived only as valuable if it came from those with personal experience with injury. • Adaptation was a process of reorganizing self-structure; rebalancing PWB through expansion of the self. • Global PWB is viewed as the foundation to sport PWB. • Reappraisal of injury as a threat to an opportunity for SIRG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous athletes living in remote or rural areas, interested in pursuing sport at elite levels, often relocate from their home communities to urban "mainstream" centres. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the psychological well-being and multicultural adjustment experiences of two relocating First Nations athletes. Conversational group interviews and photovoice reflections were adopted to hear stories from six participants: two First Nations female siblings who relocated from a rural First Nation community to pursue hockey, the athletes' parents, and the athletes' billet parents. Five themes were created to explain how the athletes adjusted and strove to flourish in their new environment: (1) Interconnected webs of support; (2) Managing emotional challenges; (3) Progressing during setbacks; (4) Comfort in new environments; and, (5) Maintaining cultural connections. Findings suggest that First Nations athletes who relocate from their home communities may require a robust support network and nurturing environment to flourish in an urban mainstream sport context. • Emotion regulation is a key coping strategy athletes and parents use during relocation. • Maintaining cultural connections is significant to athletes' overall well-being. • Indigenous athletes use available support networks as a communal coping resource. • Adjusting requires a collaborative effort from various stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]