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In this paper, we present a dual wide-band ingestible antenna design for wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) biotelemetry applications. The design process employs Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) and driven modal analysis. The effectiveness of the prototype antenna is afterward assessed through measurements using a tissue-equivalent phantom liquid model. We investigate the effects of antenna implantation depth and capsule shell thickness on its performance, providing insights into practical considerations. The proposed dual-band antenna demonstrates good performance in both the 1.4 GHz Wireless Medical Telemetry Services (WMTS) and 2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) bands, exhibiting measured impedance bandwidths of 36% and 22%, respectively. The measured peak realized gains are −22.9 dBi and −25.3 dBi for the WMTS and ISM bands, respectively, with a compact footprint of 78.5 mm2. To ensure health and safety and optimal performance, we evaluate the antenna's specific absorption rate (SAR) and link margin (LM). Additionally, we assess the performance of the proposed antenna in comparison with the state-of-the-art design for capsule antennas in WCE applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and economical method was developed for synthesis of 3-substituted indole by using electrochemically induced condensation of various aldehyde, indole and malononitrile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a circular polarization-agile and beam switching enabled reconfigurable cavity-backed antenna having the ability to steer its radiation beam in different directions is presented. The antenna consists of two E-shaped driven patches, a tunable phase shifter integrated with PIN diodes for pattern switching and four switchable feeding probes for implementing polarization agility. The proposed antenna can simultaneously change its polarization and pattern. Beam switching and polarization agility are independently controlled by altering the OFF-ON states of diodes loaded on the feed network and switchable feeding probes. For validity of the proposed concept, the antenna prototype is fabricated and tested. The proposed antenna has measured impedance bandwidth (S 11 < -10 dB) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths of 23% and 17.4% respectively for all states over the frequency range 4.7–5.6 GHz. The measured and simulation results show that the antenna can scan up to ± 30° with five reconfigurable beams and two polarizations states for each reconfigurable beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a synchronized phasor measurement based fast and accurate comprehensive wide area back-up protection scheme for transmission lines. The proposed scheme uses Koopman Mode Analysis (KMA) technique on fault current data obtained from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for fault identification in back-up protection. The principal advantage of Koopman operator is that it is based on spatiotemporal information system (STIS). In real world applications, often time and space exists together and hence, dealing with spatial aspect without considering temporal aspect is of limited use. The wide area back-up protection scheme is developed using STIS for fault identification and classification including wide variations in operating conditions of the power network. The New England 39 bus system is used as the test system which is developed on Dig-Silent power factory commercial software (PF4C) platform for evaluating the performance of proposed technique. Further, the efficacy of the proposed scheme is also tested for stressed conditions such as symmetrical fault during power swing and load encroachment and found to work effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new beat signal quality index (SQI) based majority voting fusion algorithm for robust heart rate (HR) estimation from multimodal physiological signals, namely, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular signals. A novel statistical and probabilistic based beat SQI assessment method has been developed for voting fusion. Modified slope sum function and Teager-Kaiser energy operator method has been used for beat detection in electrocardiogram (ECG) and non-cardiovascular signals. The performance of majority voting fusion method in beat detection has been evaluated on PhysioNet/CinC Challenge-2014 public training dataset and has achieved overall score of 94.93%. The performance of the algorithm has been tested on PhysioNet/CinC Challenge-2014 hidden test set and MIT-BIH Polysomnographic dataset and it has achieved scores of 90.89% and 99.77% respectively. The proposed method has improved average rMSE of HR estimate from 15.54 bpm to 0.24 bpm for noisy ECG signals and from 11.68 bpm to 0.84 bpm for noisy ECG and noisy ABP signals of PhysioNet/CinC Challenge-2014 public training database. The majority voting fusion method has yielded HR estimate with average rMSE of 1.80 bpm, when both ECG (avg. rMSE of 4.58 bpm) and ABP (avg. rMSE of 3.96 bpm) signals of MIT-BIH Polysomnographic dataset are noisy. The use of multimodal signals in fusion has increased the accuracy of HR estimates in noisy ECG and ABP signals. The majority voting fusion algorithm based on beat SQI has enabled effective and reliable use of non-cardiovascular signals in robust HR estimation from multimodal physiological signals, even when both ECG and ABP signals are noisy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a data-mining model based adaptive protection scheme enhancing distance relay performance during power swing for both compensated and uncompensated power transmission networks. In the power transmission network, the distance relays are sensitive to certain system event such as power swings, which drive the apparent impedance trajectories into the protection zones of the distance relay (zone-3) causing mal-operation of the distance relay, leading to subsequent blackouts. Further, three-phase balanced symmetrical fault detection during power swing is one of the serious concerns for the distance relay operation. This paper proposed a new adaptive protection scheme method based on data-mining models such as DT (decision tree) and RF (random forests) for providing supervisory control to the operation of the conventional distance relays. The proposed scheme is able to distinguish power swings and faults during power swing including fault zone identification for series compensated power transmission network during stress condition like power swing. The proposed scheme has been validated on a 39-bus New England system which is developed on Dig-Silent power factory commercial software (PF4C) platform and the performance indicate that the proposed scheme can reliably enhance the distance relay operation during power swing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact eight-element MIMO antenna for wideband applications with dual-band sharply dispensation characteristics is presented. A same oriented two-element antenna is placed in orthogonal symmetric fashion on an octagon-shaped substrate cross-section area of 0.4374 λ 0 2 (at 3.03 GHz), forms an eight-element MIMO antenna. A combination of stubs between same oriented elements and dual I-shaped stubs between a pair of corner elements are used to the interconnected ground for high isolation. The proposed MIMO antenna achieved a −10 dB measured fractional bandwidth (S ij ∈ i = j) of 133.98% (3.03–15.33 GHz) and obtained a minimum isolation value (S ij ∈ i ≠ j) of 15.5 dB. The dual quarter-wavelength slits are created in each radiator for dual notched-bands at 5.1–5.8 GHz and 6.7–7.3 GHz. The measured and simulated results are found in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ideal trip characteristics of the distance relay is greatly affected by pre-fault system conditions, ground fault resistance, shunt capacitance and mutual coupling of transmission network. This paper presents an extreme learning machine (ELM) based fast and accurate adaptive relaying scheme for stand-alone distance protection of transmission network. The proposed ELM based fast adaptive distance relaying scheme (FADRS) is extensively validated on the two terminal transmission lines with complex mutual coupling and shunt capacitance and, the performance is compared with the conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) based adaptive distance relaying scheme (ADRS). The simulation results show significant improvement in the performance indices such as relay speed and selectivity. Further, the performance of proposed FADRS is tested for stressed condition such as power swing and found to be effective and reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an adaptive distance relay setting for parallel transmission network connecting wind farms. The ideal trip characteristics of distance relay is greatly affected in presence of mutual coupling of parallel transmission lines as the apparent impedance is significantly affected. Similarly, the reach setting of the relay for the lines connecting wind farms is significantly affected as the relay end voltage fluctuates continuously. Thus, the proposed study focuses on developing adaptive relay setting for parallel transmission network including wide variations in operating conditions of wind farms and effect of mutual coupling, together. Further, the performance of the proposed adaptive relay setting for parallel lines including Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) indicates the potential ability of the proposed analytical approach in handling distance relaying in transmission system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the design of a 2 × 1 reconfigurable beam steering array. We have used a simple and cost-effective technique to implement the concept of reconfigurability by applying the phase difference between the two elements of the antenna array using the RF PIN diodes. A demonstration antenna has been simulated, fabricated, and measured to verify the proposed concept. This antenna array is designed on an FR4 substrate in which the two elements are fed through a microstrip line. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna can rotate its radiation pattern between −36° to +36° with respect to the antenna broadside within the overlapping bandwidth from 5.12 GHz to 5.41 GHz. The simulated and measured results are found in good agreement. The advantage of the proposed design is that it provides a larger steering angle using the same profile as other references with minimal design complexities due to its planar structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper presents a new method based on EMD for classifying muscle diseases from electromyogram signals. • In the proposed method, the suitable IMF for feature selection is determined using the t-test based approach. • The two visual features namely area (A) and circumference (CF) are computed using the complex plane plot of the IMF. • The proposed algorithm has been trained and validated using a feed forward neural network, SVM, and decision tree. • The proposed method is given better performance compare to exiting methods in terms of performace parameter. Muscle activity decreases due to various conditions like age factors and muscle diseases namely, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and myopathy. Electromyogram (EMG) signals are regularly explored by specialists to analyze the irregularity of muscles. Manual investigation of EMG signals is a tedious task for medical practitioners. Therefore, this work proposes a new method for classifying the ALS, myopathy, and normal EMG signals. In the proposed method, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is applied to decompose the EMG signals into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The suitable IMFs for feature selection are selected using the t-test based approach and used to compute the foot distances denoted as fp 1 and fp 2 by constructing the complex plane plot. The quadrilateral is drawn over a complex plot by considering fp 1 and fp 2 as a diagonal of it, followed by calculating the area (A) and circumference (CF) of the quadrilateral. These measures are utilized for separating the three classes of myopathy, ALS, and normal EMG signals. The proposed algorithm has been trained and validated using a feed forward neural network (FFNN), support vector machine (SVM), and decision tree. The algorithm, when tested with a FFNN, achieved the maximum classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 99.53%, 99.25% and 99.60%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the ideal correction of intraocular lens (IOL) power for sulcus implantation. Design: Retrospective, comparative case series. Participants: The records of 679 patients undergoing cataract surgery from June 2007 to June 2008 were reviewed. Intervention: Eyes in this series underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation with local anesthesia. Patients in our study population had their IOL power reduced by 0.5 or 1 diopter (D) from that calculated by the SRK-T formula for in-the-bag implantation. The IOL implanted was the foldable 3-piece acrylic Acrysof MA60AC (Alcon Laboratories Inc., Fort Worth, TX). Main Outcome Measures: In each case, the difference between actual spherical equivalent (SE) refraction and that predicted by biometry using the SRK-T formula was calculated. Results: Posterior capsule tears requiring implantation of IOL in the ciliary sulcus occurred in 36 eyes. When comparing eyes in which the power was reduced by 0.5 D with those in which the reduction was 1.0 D, those with a power reduction of 1.0 D had significantly less unexpected error (0.49 vs. 1.01 D SE). After stratifying eyes by axial length (AL), we found higher unexpected refractive error in short eyes (<22 mm AL). Likewise, eyes with a predicted IOL power >25 D had a greater postoperative refractive error. Conclusions: This is the first comparative clinical review examining adjustment of power of the sulcus-implanted IOL. We found that the IOL power should be adjusted according to the measured AL and predicted IOL power. For patients with a predicted IOL power from 18 to 25 D, power should be reduced by at least 1 D; for lenses >25 D, power should be reduced by 1.5 to 2 D. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient one pot, multicomponent synthesis of 4 H -benzo[ g ]chromene and pyrano[2,3- g ]chromene derivatives are reported by electrochemically stimulated condensation of an aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile and some enolizable acidic compounds in ethanol at room temperature under constant current density. By utilizing common electrode materials and a simple constant current protocol, this method is a new alternative to conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient one pot, multicomponent-tandem synthesis of highly functionalized 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3- c ]-pyrazole-5-carbonitrile is reported by electrochemically induced condensation of ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, malononitrile and various aromatic aldehydes. The reaction is carried out in an undivided cell, at a constant current in the presence of NaBr as a supporting electrolyte and ethanol as solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] This study reveals new CPV mutants are spreading in India. [•] CPV vaccines failed to generate protection in vaccinated dogs. [•] On molecular analysis, CPV isolates clustered away from vaccine strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]