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In this study, an efficient mechanoluminescent material, namely Y 3 GaO 6 :Tb3+, with green emission was prepared by high-temperature solid-phase synthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the samples belong to the orthorhombic crystal system with the space group Cmc 2 1. The luminescence intensity of the materials is related to the content of the luminescent centers, and both photoluminescence (PL) and mechanoluminescence (ML) show that the optimum doping level of Tb3+ is 0.07. In both tensile and frictional applications, the ML intensity is linearly correlated with the magnitude of applied stress. Analysis of the thermoluminescence (TL) spectra indicates that the ML of the material arises from carriers released from the trap under stress stimulation, thus revealing its mechanism of ML property. Finally, the study demonstrates the mechanoluminescence pattern of Y 3 GaO 6 :Tb3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hesperidin shows promising results as a potential feed additive for enhancing gastrointestinal motility in animals. Gastrointestinal function plays a pivotal role in animal growth and the digestibility of dietary nutrients, with gastrointestinal motor function serving as a crucial component. However, limited research has been conducted on the application of hesperidin as a feed additive to promote gastrointestinal motility. The present study aims to assess the efficacy of Hesperidin as a feed additive in promoting gastrointestinal motility and elucidating its underlying mechanism. A total of 200 newly hatched (1-day-old) broilers with similar body weight were randomly allocated into 4 groups as follows: the control group receiving only the basal diet, and the other 3 groups supplemented with 50, 100, and 150 mg of hesperidin per kg of the basal diet, respectively. Each group consisted of 5 replicates with ten broilers per replicate, and the feeding trial lasted for a duration of 21 d. At 21 d of age, a 5% w/v Evans Blue solution in distilled water was utilized to measure intestinal transit rates (ITR). Gastric emptying (GE) was evaluated by administering a phenol red solution at a concentration of 0.05% w/v (1 mL/broiler). Fifteen broilers from each group were euthanized and immediately dissected to obtain gizzard, hypothalamus, duodenum, and jugular blood samples. Jugular blood samples were collected for brain-gut peptide content analysis, while gizzard, hypothalamus, and duodenum samples were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Real-time qPCR was performed on gizzard samples. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the GE and ITR of broilers in all treatment groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05), particularly in the 100mg/Kg and 150mg/Kg hesperidin group. Incorporation of hesperidin into the broilers' diet significantly enhances serum levels of ghrelin, encompassing serotonin (5-HT), motilin (MTL), cholecystokinin (CCK), and Stem Cell Factor (SCF) as well as substance P (SP) in the gizzard and duodenal tissues while reducing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels (P < 0.05). The group administered a dosage of 150mg/Kg exhibited the most pronounced effect.Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that hesperidin supplementation up-regulated SP protein content and down-regulated VIP protein content in the hypothalamus, gizzard, and duodenum of broilers (P < 0.05), with the most pronounced effect illustrated in the 150mg/Kg hesperidin group. Furthermore, addition of hesperidin to broiler feed resulted in a significant up-regulation of protein expression and gene expression related to SCF and The protein expression of Receptor tyrosine kinase (C-Kit) was significantly upregulated in the 150mg/Kg group, while the gene expression of C-Kit was significantly upregulated in the 50 mg/Kg group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, hesperidin exhibits promising potential as a feed additive for broilers, as its dietary supplementation of hesperidin improves gastrointestinal motility through modulation of both "gut-brain axis" signaling pathways and "SCF/C-Kit signaling pathways" within broiler chicken's digestive system. Notably, basal diet supplemented with 150mg/Kg hesperidin demonstrates superior efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoelectric sensors, which are capable to convert temperature gradients into electrical signals, hold promise for use in wearable body-temperature monitors and self-powered electronic devices. However, traditional flexible thermoelectric devices constructed with organic materials have been hampered by their low energy conversion efficiency, largely stemming from the lack of ideal materials and optimized device geometry. In this study, we utilize state-of-the-art Ag 2 S-based inorganic materials and fine-tune the geometric parameters of full-inorganic flexible thermoelectric devices through finite element simulation. Our research reveal that these geometric parameters significantly impact the output performance of the flexible thermoelectric device. With the temperature difference set up as 25 K, the optimized device demonstrates a notable performance enhancement, particularly in terms of power density, which is 84 % higher compared to the pre-optimization state. This work introduces a novel approach for enhancing the performance of full-inorganic flexible thermoelectric devices, and also delves into the potential application of this technology in the realm of respiratory monitoring, underscoring its significance and promising prospects. [Display omitted] • Ag 2 S-based thermoelectric materials can be applied to flexible temperature sensors. • The performance of flexible thermoelectric devices is related to their geometric structure. • The optimal matching between n-p type materials can optimize the performance of devices. • The power density of the device after full-size optimization has been greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]