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The current territorial management model under Renewable Portfolio Standards in China cannot fully develop renewable energy due to the mismatch between high energy-consumption regions and renewable energy-rich regions. Therefore, we proposed an inter-provincial coordinate model based on tradable green certificate options trading (CMTOT), which includes four components: (1) A dual-objective optimization model is established to minimize the RPS target realization cost and maximize the pollutant emission reduction based on Blacke-Scholes option pricing model. (2) The identification of buyer and seller provinces of tradable green certificate (TGC) options based on the above model. (3) An optimization model in buyers' or sellers' cooperation alliance is established. (4) The cost allocation models by Shapley value and Nucleolus are established to ensure the fairness in different scenarios. A case study of Tianjin, Shandong, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia shows that the CMTOT can effectively reduce the RPS target realization cost by 16.79 % and increase the pollutant emission reduction by 4.32 %. A sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the CMTOT. The results show that the CMTOT can both fully develop renewable energy and effectively reduce pollutant emission. Therefore, we proposed some policy recommendations to support the implementation of the CMTOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous Fe-doped In 2 O 3 nanorods derived from metal-organic frameworks (In/Fe-MIL-68s) were synthesized for NO 2 detection. The morphologies, structures and NO 2 gas-sensing performances of the Fe–In 2 O 3 nanorods were systematically investigated. Texture characterizations demonstrate that the as-prepared Fe–In 2 O 3 nanorods show rich porous structures, high specific surface areas and reduced grain sizes. Gas-sensing measurements display that the Fe–In 2 O 3 nanorods derived from In/Fe-MIL-68s with the Fe(Ⅲ) content of 5 mol.% (Fe(5)-In 2 O 3) exhibit high response (82) and short response/recovery time (70/65 s) towards 2 ppm NO 2 at 80 °C compared with their counterparts. Besides, superior selectivity and good stability are observed. The sensing mechanism studies reveal that the improved gas-sensing performances are attributed to the decrease in the gran size, the formation of rich oxygen vacancies and band gaps narrowing caused by Fe(Ⅲ) doping. Therefore, this work indicates that the Fe–In 2 O 3 nanorods derived from metal-organic frameworks precursors can be a promising candidate for NO 2 detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nano-sheet assembled NiO/ZnO microspheres with a diameter of ca. 2 μm have been synthesized via facile hydrothermal method followed by a thermal treatment process. The gas-sensing measurement results show that the sensor using nano-sheet assembled NiO/ZnO microspheres exhibits improved response to sulfur dioxide gas compared with the pure ZnO microspheres sensor. In particular, the sensor with a Ni/Zn molar ratio of 0.5 (0.5 mol% NiO/ZnO) shows high response value (S = 107) and superior selectivity to 10 ppm sulfur dioxide at a low operating temperature of 160 °C and the detection limit of the NiO/ZnO sensor toward sulfur dioxide is down to 1 ppm (S = 6). The enhanced sensing performance is attributed to the formation of p-n heterojunctions on the interface, the catalytic function of NiO and the three-dimensional microspheres composed of the lamellar structure with a large specific surface area. The three-dimensional microspheres provide more active sites for gas adsorption, and the interlayer gap facilitates the diffusion of gas in three-dimensional structure, resulting in high sensitivity and superior selectivity. This work provides a simple method for the synthesis of NiO/ZnO heterojunction microspheres with superior gas-sensing performance, which can be used as a potential material for sulfur dioxide detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reverse distribution of renewable energy-rich regions and high energy-consumption regions hinders further implementation of the territorial management model (TMM) under Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) in China. To overcome this hindrance, this study creatively proposes an inter-provincial transfer fee model (ITFM) which can integrate the different advantages of each province to improve the RPS. In the ITFM, the central government is the leader and aims to optimize the national renewable energy development cost; the 31 provincial governments are the followers and attempt to minimize the RPS targets realization cost. We applied Stackelberg Game to analyze the Nash equilibrium, established a bi-level programming model combined with optimization theory, and used Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition to solve the model scientifically. The case study of Tianjin, Shandong, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia shows that the costs of all the four provincial regions under the ITFM are reduced, and the total cost is reduced by 72.98×108 CNY, 12.27%. A sensitivity analysis certifies the robustness of the model. The results prove that the ITFM can provide a flexible and efficient way for all the provinces, and fully exploit renewable energy in the whole country. Therefore, we propose some policy recommendations for the implementation of the ITFM. • An inter-provincial transfer fee model (ITFM) under RPS is established. • The ITFM can overcome the bottleneck of renewable energy development effectively. • The ITFM can provide a flexible and economic way to meet the target of RPS. • Stackelberg Game and KKT condition are used to ensure the scientificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased metabolic activity usually provides energy and nutrients for biomass synthesis and is indispensable for the progression of the cell cycle. Here, we find a role for α-ketoglutarate (αKG) generation in regulating cell-cycle gene transcription. A reduction in cellular αKG levels triggered by malic enzyme 2 (ME2) or isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) depletion leads to a pronounced arrest in G1 phase, while αKG supplementation promotes cell-cycle progression. Mechanistically, αKG directly binds to RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and increases the level of RNAPII binding to the cyclin D1 gene promoter via promoting pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly, consequently enhancing cyclin D1 transcription. Notably, αKG addition is sufficient to restore cyclin D1 expression in ME2- or IDH1-depleted cells, facilitating cell-cycle progression and proliferation in these cells. Therefore, our findings indicate a function of αKG in gene transcriptional regulation and cell-cycle control. [Display omitted] • Cyclin D1 is critical for ME2-mediated cell-cycle progression and proliferation • ME2 promotes RNAPII-mediated cyclin D1 transcription via αKG • αKG promotes RNAPII transcription by forming a complex with RPB1 and TFIIS • αKG restores G1-to-S transition and cell division in ME2-depleted cells Yang et al. find a role for ME2 in modulating cell-cycle control via promoting generation of αKG. αKG binds to RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and increases the level of RNAPII binding to the cyclin D1 gene promoter via promoting pre-initiation complex (PIC) assembly, consequently enhancing cyclin D1 transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) has been implemented by a number of the world's most economically developed nations, to address the great challenges faced regarding energy problems and climate change. However, the current non-cooperation model (NCM) of the RPS in China cannot effectively overcome the bottleneck of renewable energy development due to the disparity between renewable energy-rich regions and high energy-consuming regions. To resolve this dilemma, this study proposes an inter-provincial cooperation model (ICM) under the RPS in China. The ICM consists of two parts: (1) an optimization model to obtain the lowest RPS target realization cost and ensure efficiency, and (2) cost allocation models based on the Shapley value, core, and nucleolus methods, to ensure fairness in different situations. The cases of Beijing, Shandong, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia show that the total cost of the four provincial regions covered by the ICM will be reduced by 57.07 × 108 CNY, or 8.25% compared with the NCM. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the impact of different parameter values on the ICM results. Based on these results, we propose policy recommendations to promote implementation of the ICM. • An inter-provincial cooperation model (ICM) under RPS is constructed and validated. • The ICM can overcome the bottleneck of renewable energy development effectively. • The ICM ensures the efficiency and fairness in different situations. • The ICM can reduce the cost of each participating province significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic disease of unknown aetiology with limited effective treatment options. It is important to explore novel therapeutic targets and develop potential drugs for IPF.Purpose: The aim of the present study was to analyse nontargeted plasma metabolites in patients with IPF and investigate whether cannabinoid receptor (CB2) activation mediates the antifibrotic effect of icariin (ICA).Methods: We used an untargeted metabolomics method to detect the global metabolic profiles in the plasma of stable IPF patients and patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as healthy subjects. The untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis revealed that IPF showed differential metabolites and perturbed signalling pathways. ICA is pharmacologically bioactive and possesses extensive therapeutic capacities such as osteoprotective, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protective, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and reproductive function. Therefore, ICA was administered to a pulmonary fibrosis rat model for 4 weeks and then the effect of ICA on pulmonary fibrosis was examined by dissection and histology.Results: The metabolites in the plasma were determined by untargeted LC-MS. An unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) was used to observe the distribution of each sample, and a supervised partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results showed that there was significant separation between any two groups. ROC curve analyses revealed that 8 metabolites with high AUCs above 0.7 between the three groups of plasma samples. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 3 metabolites are involved in retrograde endocannabinoid signalling. Meanwhile, Retrograde endocannabinoid signalling was identified significantly different in IPF group from other groups by Kyoto encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and then we further confirmed the endocannabinoid signalling by detecting the expression of the main receptors in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, COPD rat model and normal rats. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the elevation of CB1 and CB2 in the lung tissues could be a signature of the pulmonary fibrosis rat model. Importantly, ICA may alleviate bleomycin-induced lung injury by decreasing CB1 and CB2 expression in the bleomycin-induced rat model.Conclusion: Taken together, we measured the global metabolic profile of IPF patients and identified CB2 as a novel potential target. ICA treatment demonstrated outstanding therapeutic effects on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and targeting on CB2 may be the main underlying mechanism. ICA is a promising drug candidate to cure pulmonary fibrosis and mediate antagonists of the CB2 receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: With the rapid of information technology development represented by computer and Internet, various types of digital resources emerge in endlessly, different kinds of digital resources system and the related increasing query platform promoted the rapid development of digital library. Based on detailed analysis of heterogeneous data and various digital resource structure of the digital library, has put forward and designed the method of digital resources integration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Human-induced hepatocyte-like cells (hiHeps) are new cell sources for bio-artificial liver (BAL), as a potential treatment for acute liver failure (ALF), which calls for 1010 cells at a minimum. However, high-density hiHeps loaded in BAL have a high demand for oxygen, leading to hypoxia during culture. At present, the effects of hypoxia on hiHep proliferation and functions are still unclear. Here, it was proved that hiHeps were hypoxic at day 8 of culture, even though the seeding density were 4 × 107 cells/cm3 in the PET-loaded bioreactor. Hypoxia impaired hiHep functions, such as albumin secretion, urea synthesis and drug metabolism. HIF-1α up-regulated its downstream genes related to glucose metabolism, including PDK-1 , Glut1 and LDHA under hypoxia. Meanwhile, HIF-1α down-regulated the gene expressions of PGC-1α , NRF-1 , TFAM , TFB1M and TFB2M. This study found that PGC-1α was a downstream mediator of HIF-1α, and HIF-1α/PGC-1α axis repressed the protein expressions of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Our findings revealed that hypoxia affected the proliferation and functions of hiHeps via HIF-1α/PGC-1α axis, and showed that perfluorodecalin (PFDC) emulsion reversed the adverse effects of hypoxia during high-density perfusion culture. [Display omitted] • It was proved that high-density hiHep perfusion culture resulted in hypoxia. • The proliferation and functions of hiHeps were inhibited by hypoxia. • The correlation between HIF-1α and PGC-1α was demonstrated in hiHeps under hypoxia. • The adverse effects of hypoxia on hiHep functions were relieved by PFDC emulsion in the PET-loaded bioreactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary fibrosis is a manifestation of the progression of interstitial pulmonary disease. Icariin (ICA) has been found to exhibit protective effects on multiple chronic diseases like diabetes, liver, heart, and renal fibrosis. Here, a systemic pharmacological study was designed to investigate whether ICA treatment alleviates bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The rat pulmonary fibrosis model was constructed by non-invasive endotracheal intubation instillation of BLM to observe the intervention effects of ICA on pulmonary fibrosis in the whole process of inflammation and fibrosis. ICA reduced the collagen deposition and inflammation induced by BLM in rat. The comparative RNA-sequencing was conducted to analyze the lung gene expression profiles in rat. KEGG analysis indicated that most of the genes were enriched in Hippo pathway, NF-κB pathway, and B-cell receptor signaling pathway, etc. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the expression of YAP was significantly elevated in the model group and decreased in the ICA treatment group. Taken together, the anti-fibrotic effect of ICA appears to be mediated by its inhibitory of YAP, which is the core transcriptional regulator of Hippo pathway. [Display omitted] • Bleomycin-induced histopathological and fibrotic changes is attenuated by treatment of ICA in lung tissues. • ICA reduces bleomycin-induced lung inflammatory response. • ICA reduces the expression of fibrotic mediators, leading to prevent and reverse pulmonary fibrosis. • ICA protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis at least partially through Hippo/YAP pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen doping has been proven an efficient strategy to modulate the electronic structure of metal oxides to tune their properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of N-doped SnO 2 microspheres through calcining the pristine SnO 2 in NH 3 atmosphere. Texture characterizations show that N–SnO 2 microspheres exhibit 3D-porous architectures with a diameter of ca. 300–500 nm. After NH 3 treatment, the SnO 2 exhibits the formation of the N-doping and oxygen vacancies on the surface of the material, rich free-electrons and the narrow energy band. It is found that the as-prepared N-doped SnO 2 microspheres at 200 °C (N–SnO 2 -200), show superior selectivity and high response (S = 155 to 5 ppm NO 2) compared with its counterparts. DFT calculations and experimental results illustrate that N impurities and oxygen vacancies as N-induced active sites favor the adsorption of NO 2 molecules; rich free-electrons increase the amount of adsorbed NO 2 molecules; and the narrow energy band promotes the effectively electron transfer during the sensing reaction. Therefore, in this work we unravel the improved NO 2 gas-sensing performances of the N-doped SnO 2 and provide new guidance for the development of highly efficient metal oxide sensing materials for NO 2 detection. • The N-doped SnO 2 nanospheres were synthesized via NH 3 heat treatment of the pristine SnO 2. •The correlation between the content of N doping and the gas-sensing property was further studied. •The N–SnO 2 nanospheres obtained at 200 °C shows improved response and selectivity to NO 2 at 80 °C. •The improved sensing mechanism of the N–SnO 2 sensor to NO 2 was further studied via DFT calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Performance of advanced turbulence models was compared. • Flow acceleration numbers are used to determine model applicability. • The structure effect of buoyancy in mixed convection cannot be ignored. • Provide reference for the selection and improvement of turbulence model. The extreme thermophysical property changes of fluids near the pseudocritical point lead to strong buoyancy and acceleration effects, posing challenges for turbulence modelling. This paper aims to assess the performance and applicability of various turbulence models, with the intention of providing a useful reference for quickly selecting appropriate models and for models' further improvement. Additional Favre-averaged turbulence models were implemented through user-defined scalars in ANSYS Fluent and compared to published experimental and high-fidelity simulation data. This study found that the tested turbulence models have different sensitivities to molecular Prandtl numbers, buoyancy effects, and flow acceleration. For forced convection, all turbulence models can be applied in the case of the flow acceleration number Kv < 1.37 × 10 − 8 , and the ZXY model has the widest application range. None of the tested turbulence models showed generalizability under mixed convective conditions. The Lien-PSA model qualitatively reproduced the wall temperature trends for all tested cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: • The research aims to solve the bottleneck of helical baffled heat exchangers in heat transfer. • The optimization on elliptical tube layout improves the uniform of velocity distribution. • The heat transfer of optimized heat exchangers is enhanced without large increase of pressure drop. • The comprehensive performance of optimized heat exchangers is improved by about 50%. Abstract Helical flow is an optimal flow pattern in shell-and-tube heat exchangers, but the poor heat transfer performance has been always the bottleneck. Aiming to improve heat transfer without tremendous increase of pressure drop, the optimized continuous helical baffled heat exchangers with varying elliptical tube layouts are proposed and investigated by numerical simulation. It concludes that the tube-array angle influences the characteristics of flow and heat transfer significantly. The optimized tube layout can improve heat transfer in fully-developed section and decrease vortices at the back of tubes to some extent. The mean convective heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop are respectively 2.10–2.33 times and 1.82–4.46 times higher than that of the original heat exchanger with concentric annular layout, and the comprehensive performance proves to be improved by about 50%. The results show that the optimized elliptical tube layouts with varying tube-array angles can realize the initial objective, especially when the Re number of flow is relatively small. This research is beneficial for further optimization on helical baffled heat exchangers to improve heat transfer as well as comprehensive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the optimization and pathways of lignosulfonate biodegradation by a newly isolated lignin-degrading bacterial strain, Sphingobacterium sp. HY-H. The optimal conditions for lignosulfonate degradation capability were determined by Taguchi's orthogonal matrix method to be: initial pH, 7.0; temperature, 30 °C; and a lignosulfonate/nitrogen (as NH4Cl) mass ratio of 5. Under optimal conditions, the maximum lignosulfonate degradation capacity of strain HY-H was 31%. In order to characterize the changes in residual lignosulfonate and the metabolic products, FTIR spectra, functional groups, and elemental and GC–MS analysis were introduced. An examination of the data suggests a possible route of lignosulfonate degradation by strain HY-H was that lignosulfonate was first depolymerized to low-molecular-weight compounds; then the side chains of lignosulfonate were partially oxidized and further decarboxylated to produce carbon dioxide. If properly optimized and controlled, strain HY-H may play a role in the treatment of pulp and paper wastewater containing a high concentration of lignosulfonate, as well as in the lignocellulose breakdown for biofuel and chemicals production. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Carbonized polyacrylonitrile (cPAN)-coated 3D porous TiP 2 O 7 was simply fabricated. • N-doped carbon coating layer improved the electronic conductivity of TiP 2 O 7. • Oxygen vacancies induced by N-doping facilitated Li+ diffusion and pseudocapacitance. • The designed TiP 2 O 7 /cPAN anode revealed outstanding rate capability. TiP 2 O 7 is a hopeful anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its three-dimensional (3D) open skeletons, excellent ion transfer kinetics, and good structural stability. However, the inferior intrinsic electronic conductivity degrades seriously the electrochemical performance of LIBs. Herein, a strategy of carbonized polyacrylonitrile-coated TiP 2 O 7 (TPO/cPAN) with 3D porous structures was proposed to enhance Li+-storage capability. The TPO/cPAN modified with 30 wt% polyacrylonitrile and calcined at 800 ℃ delivers superior long-term cycling stability at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent rate capacities of 558.7, 523.8, 477.5, 409.8, and 303.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 A g−1, respectively. Structural characterizations and electrochemical analysis reveal that the pyrolytic N-doped carbon layer markedly ameliorates the electron transferability and protects the electrode from organic electrolyte erosion. Meanwhile, the design of 3D porous structures and the generation of rich oxygen defects facilitate Li+ transport and pseudocapacitance energy storage. The work provides a novel pathway for optimizing the electron/ion migration of polyanionic electrode materials. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rod-like manganese molybdate (MnMoO 4 ) crystallines with two-dimensional nanoflakes has been successfully synthesized by a novel and facile wet chemical method with the assistance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Experimental results demonstrate that PVP participation is significant to control the size distribution of rod-like MnMoO 4 crystallines. As the electrode material of supercapacitor, the rod-like MnMoO 4 crystallines achieved a high specific capacity of 109C g −1 at a current density of 1 A g −1 after 2000 cycles and the capacities of 93.9C g −1 and 75.8C g −1 at the current densities of 2 and 4 A g −1 corresponding to 86% and 69% of the capacity obtained at 1 A g −1 , respectively. The rod-like MnMoO 4 crystallines showed superior long cycling and rate performances arising from two-dimensional nanoflakes, which provided more interfacial contacting between MnMoO 4 active material and electrolyte facilitating the diffusion of electrolyte and the charge transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The flow and heat transfer of supercritical CO 2 natural circulation in closed loop were studied. • Normal heat transfer and heat transfer deterioration were also observed. • A heat transfer deterioration criterion for natural circulation was obtained. • A heat transfer correlation applicable to supercritical CO 2 natural circulation is developed. The natural circulation system based on supercritical CO 2 has attracted attention due to its simple structure and safety compared with the forced circulation system. This work presented an experimental investigation of the heat transfer characteristics of CO 2 based on natural circulation. Two heat transfer modes can also be observed in supercritical CO 2 natural circulation, normal heat transfer and heat transfer deterioration. The development of heat transfer deterioration criterion and heat transfer correlation is significant for the application of supercritical CO 2 natural circulation, but there are few related studies. Direct adoption of the supercritical CO 2 forced convective criteria and heat transfer correlations to natural circulation introduces large deviations. By analyzing the existing research results of forced convection in supercritical CO 2 and introducing new dimensionless parameters SBO and K , a deterioration criterion and a heat transfer correlation suitable for natural circulation of supercritical CO 2 are developed based on experimental data. The new criterion can well distinguish the two heat transfer modes, and the new correlation improves markedly. The results can benefit engineering applications in advanced power cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvent-free soft biomaterials with fluorescent property are highly attractive because of their wide prospective applications in bioimaging and anticounterfeiting. However, in solvent-free condition, developing soft fluorescent DNA materials is very challenging. In this study, a type of fluorescent solvent-free DNA thermotropic liquid crystal (DNA- TPEA) is developed via the electrostatic complexation of DNA and tetraphenylethene-containing ammonium surfactant TPEA. Under UV light, DNA- TPEA could give bright luminescence with good quantum yield, which has been tested as an anticounterfeiting labeling biomaterial working at high temperatures and in aqueous condition. An investigation on the photoluminescence lifetime of DNA- TPEA indicates that the TPEA molecules are in two different environments, and for which a working mechanism is illustrated. This work provides a new strategy for developing fluorescent biomaterials in solvent-free condition by fusing AIE surfactants and biomolecules together via electrostatic force, which gains synthetic convenience compared to the covalent modification of biomolecules with fluorescent proteins. The reported solvent-free DNA thermotropic liquid crystal could be fluorescent labeling biomaterial suitable for working at high temperatures and aqueous conditions. [Display omitted] • A fluorescent solvent-free DNA thermotropic liquid crystal is developed. • The soft liquid crystalline DNA material would be an ideal structural biomaterial. • The water-insolubility makes DNA material suitable for the application with water-resistance requirement. • The excellent thermostability allows soft liquid crystalline DNA material to work in harsh conditions. • The electrostatic complexation presents a convenient way for fabricating soft luminescent biomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicting reconstructions of Holocene variability of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) from speleothem versus other types of proxy records have yielded widely divergent estimates of its phase relationship with the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and Northern Hemisphere summer insolation (NHSI). This apparent discrepancy has been partly attributed to the uncertainties in the climatic representation of Chinese speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) records. Here we present a composite speleothem δ18O record of the last ∼14 kyr from Shennong Cave in southeastern China and model-simulated data of rainfall and meteoric δ18O over eastern China. Our synthesis of the proxy-model data suggests that the spatial patterns in both speleothem δ18O and paleo-rainfall over eastern China during the Holocene are diverse at orbital and multi-millennial scales. Our findings imply that: 1) speleothem δ18O in the EASM regime is largely controlled by the large-scale circulation and concomitant latitudinal shifts of the monsoon rain belt; notwithstanding the heterogeneous spatiotemporal pattern of Holocene rainfall as inferred from various proxy records, a coherent orbital-scale speleothem δ18O variability across most Asian monsoon regions (except southeastern China) indeed stems from the NHSI-forced changes in overall monsoon intensity; overall monsoon intensity is not equivalent to monsoon rainfall amount but a manifestation of the large-scale atmospheric circulation; 2) divergent phase relationships with NHSI between speleothem δ18O and other proxy records are consistent with—rather than contradictory to—the NHSI forcing mechanism. Speleothem δ18O and rainfall records reflect two different aspects of the monsoon dynamics. These results may thus, largely help to reconcile the divergent views of the Holocene Asian monsoon variability. • Holocene speleothem δ18O and rainfall show heterogeneous pattern in eastern China. • East Asian speleothem δ18O reflects large-scale circulation and monsoon rain belt shift. • Divergent phases between speleothem and other proxy records are not contradictory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]