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Laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) has become a common surgery for the treatment of liver tumor. To evaluate the surgical quality of laparoscopic hepatectomy under the context of precision surgery with Textbook outcome (TO), a comprehensive and holistic assessment approach. A total of 1056 patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy from May 2016 and December 2022 were enrolled in the study. All the patients were performed hepatectomy. The rate of TO and factors associated with achieving TO were examined. Among the 1056 patients, 75 % patients achieved TO. The main reason limited patients achieving textbook outcomes was prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS). The univariate analysis indicated that age>65, ASA classification ≥3, liver cirrhosis, tumor size > 3 cm, tumor number ≥2, type of primary cancer, and IWATE DSS were significantly associated with non-achievement of TO. The multivariate analysis indicated that the ASA classification ≥3 and advanced difficulty level in IWATE DSS independent factors associated with achieving TO. Reaching TO can significantly prolong the postoperative recurrence time and overall survival time of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In the context of precision surgery, 75 % patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy achieved a TO. Patients who achieved TO had significantly improved survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Si 3 N 4 coating was proposed and prepared as bonding layer for improving the high temperature thermal shock resistance of carbon/carbon composites (C/C). It is found that the mass loss of the AO20/Si 3 N 4 coating was 0.60% after oxidation at 1723 K for 69 h in air, and 2.86% after oxidation at 1673 K for 134 h. In particular, the coating sample has excellent thermal shock resistance, where the mass loss of the sample is only 0.03% after 33 times of thermal shock from 1673 K to room temperature. The excellent oxidation and thermal shock resistance are mainly attributed to the better thermal expansion mismatch of the coatings, self-healing ability of the glass layer, and the formation of Si 2 N 2 O, which expected to enhance the potential application of C/C in more severe thermal shock environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal optimization problems, which involve multiple global optima, are common in real-world applications. So far, plenty of multimodal evolutionary algorithms (MMEAs) have been proposed, where niching techniques are widely utilized to locate different optima by trying to cover each modality with an exclusive niche. However, most existing MMEAs deal with niches independently without considering their similarity and redundancy, which greatly limits the performance of the algorithms. Directing against this issue, this study proposes a multi-niche cooperation based MMEA, where a knowledge transfer strategy (KTS) and a collaborative search mechanism (CSM) are designed. Specifically, given the high similarity shared by different modalities, KTS cooperatively evolves the corresponding niches by transferring knowledge among them, thereby accelerating their convergence. For niches possibly covering the same modality, CSM explicitly measures the search intensity on the modality and adaptively deactivates redundant niches, so that excessive searches on the modality can be avoided. This study incorporates the above two strategies into a classic MMEA named NEA2, and thus leads to a multi-niche cooperation based NEA (MNC-NEA). Experiments conducted on 20 benchmark functions demonstrate that KTS and CSM are efficient and complementary, and they together endow MNC-NEA with a significant competitive advantage over 11 state-of-the-art MMEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following China's pilot program of the released Carbon Emission Trading (CET) in 2011, affected companies were forced to alter their production and operational choices, which had an impact on their labor demand and employment structure. This study examines the employment adjustment effect and employment transfer effect of CET in China using propensity score matching (PSM) and difference-in-differences (DID) method, based on the panel data of Chinese listed companies (2009–2019). We found that China's CET has expanded the scale of employment and changed the employment structure in the pilot regions. The employment adjustment effect of CET mainly comes from the First-tier pilot regions, and it mostly affects the highly educated work force. CET increased the proportion of highly-educated labor through the increase of R&D innovation and investment, while reduced the proportion of production worker employed due to the increase of production cost, it promotes the transfer of labor from underdeveloped regions to First-tier pilot regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart hydrogels that can adsorb both anionic and cationic dyes and have excellent mechanical properties have not been reported yet, despite bright prospect in dye adsorption. The emergence of polyampholyte made it possible for the preparation of novel hydrogels. PMAD (copolymer of AM, AA and DMC) is a novel thermo-responsive hydrogel based on polyampholyte, whereas poor mechanical properties limit its application. Herein, we designed a novel polysaccharide crosslinker, which integrates chemical-crosslinking network and physical-entanglements to fabricate PMAD hydrogels. Chemical-crosslinking network maintains the shape of hydrogel as backbone, whereas physical-entanglements enhance the energy-dissipation capacity by disentangle upon deformation. Synergistic effect of the above structure improves the fracture strength and elongation of PMAD by nearly 4700% and 900%, respectively. Moreover, the hydrogel can be used as controllable adsorption material towards both cationic and anionic dyes, which could greatly increase adsorption capacity after reaching the critical temperature due to its unique temperature-sensitive characteristics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor mechanical properties of PMAD (the copolymer of AM, AA and DMC) hydrogel derived from its high-density rigid crosslinking structure is main obstacle for its functional application. Herein, inspired by spring-like structure, nano-SiO 2 based crosslinker was used to fabricate mechanical robust thermo-responsive PMAD-matrix hydrogel. Nano-SiO 2 was modified with poly (ethylene imine) (PEI), which was further introduced in crosslinking network of PMAD hydrogel. Flexible PEI chains can elongate under stress, which endows crosslinking network deformability, like that of spring in tension. Meanwhile, nano-SiO 2 can improve the tensile strength of the hydrogel, and amino groups in PEI can improve its dispersity in water. When content of the crosslinker is 15‰, tensile strength and elongation at break can be improved by nearly 3540% and 503% respectively owing to synergistic effect of PEI and SiO 2. More interesting, mechanical properties of hydrogels can be designed flexibly by controlling the structure of the nano-SiO 2 based crosslinker, which realizes structure management of hydrogel. Moreover, hydrogel prepared by this method also shows thermo-responsivity, endowing it potential for functional application. [Display omitted] • Novel crosslinker SiO 2 -PEI-AGE inspired by spring-like structure was synthesized. • Synergistic effect of SiO 2 and PEI can improve both strength and fracture. • Tensile strength and elongation of PMAD can be increased by 3540% and 503%. • Structure management of PMAD can be realized by structure control of SiO 2 -PEI-AGE. • PMAD hydrogel prepared by this method also shows UCST thermo-responsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Crosslinked microspheres can be prepared by eco-friendly aqueous dispersion polymerization. • Chain transfer reaction of crosslinker can be used to achieve the crosslinking. • Zwitterionic interaction can be utilized to provide temperature-responsive property. • The microspheres can be reused due to their deformability. • The influence law of process conditions on diameter of microspheres can be obtained in this paper. Aqueous dispersion polymerization is an environmentally friendly and low-energy method for the preparation of micron polymer microspheres. Crosslinked polymer microspheres could be obtained by aqueous dispersion polymerization via methods such as controlled radical polymerization. However, most of these commonly used cross-linking methods are complicated and the product is toxic. Herein, we provided a facile approach for the preparation of temperature-responsive crosslinked polymer microspheres (c-PMAD) by aqueous dispersion polymerization. Chain transfer reaction of 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) instead of traditional crosslinkers was used to achieve the crosslinking. It is found that the microsphere is a spherical material with uniform surface, which has an average particle size of 5.21 μm in deionized water at 25 °C. It has a relatively high thermal stability. The microsphere has the upper critical solution temperature transition (UCST) behavior at 66.5 °C. The particle size of c-PMAD could increase with increasing temperature and decrease with increasing dosage of NaCl. Moreover, diameter of c-PMAD could decrease to original size with decreasing temperature, which endows it the feature of reusing. The UCST behavior of c-PMAD could be kept in 8 wt% NaCl solution. In addition, the effect of process conditions of preparation on the particle size of microspheres were studied in this paper. Micron-sized microspheres could be obtained at 45–65 °C. Microspheres size decreased with increasing initiator dosage, decreasing monomers concentration, increasing of acrylamide dosage and increasing of crosslinker dosage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic skins (I-skins) mimic the sensing function of natural skin based on ionic conduction have essential applications in wearable sensors for human motion detections. However, the fragile, low electrical sensitivity, lack of adhesive and self-healing performances still limits their practical applications and service life. Herein, we reported an ionic skin which was fabricated by the ionic liquid, acrylic acid and Fe3+ through the one-pot method. The polyacrylic acid network is cross-linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the complexation of Fe3+, where the ionic liquid can bind through reversible electrostatic interactions. Such design endows the resultant hydrogel with superior tensile properties (tensile strength 341 kPa, strain at break 2042%), good notch insensitivity, air/underwater dual adhesive property for the surface of various solid materials (including glass, iron, copper and aluminum) and excellent healability (self-healing efficiency as high as 80.5% at room temperature). In addition, the I-skin exhibits ultra-high electrical sensitivity (GF = 13.12) and an extensive strain monitoring range (5%–300%). Not only can it be used as expression and human motion detector, but also can realize "information programming". The rich application scenarios and functions prove its potential to be used as wearable sensors. [Display omitted] • Physical cross-linking hydrogel prepared by one-pot method. • Not-insensitive, air/underwater adhesive. • Mechanical/electrical dual self-healing. • Wearable strain sensors for human motion detection. • Electrical signal conversion through Morse code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogel is an ideal choice as wearable sensors for human motion detection. However, low electrical sensitivity, narrow strain detection range and lack of self-healing performance still limit the further application and service life of hydrogel sensors. Herein, we report a self-healing ionic hydrogel based on copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM), in which Fe3+ and tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) can bind with carboxylate through complex crosslinking and electrostatic interaction, respectively. Attribute to its supramolecular forces (including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds) and complex cross-linking structure, the stretchable hydrogel has electrical-mechanical dual self-healing properties, that possess excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength at ∼320 kPa and strain at break ∼1600%), dual self-healing ability (∼87.5% self-healing efficiency in mechanical and instantaneous self-healing in electrical), ultra-high electrical sensitivity (GF = 18.26), and an extensive monitoring range (0.1–300% in strain and 8.15–31.56 kPa in pressure). This hydrogel shows great potential in wearable sensors for human motion detection. [Display omitted] • Physical cross-linking hydrogel prepared by one-pot method. • Electrical-mechanical dual self-healing. • Ultra-high electrical sensitivity (GF = 18.26). • Strain and pressure dual sensing ability. • Ionic self-healing hydrogels as wearable sensors for human motion detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising biodegradable resin, poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is often blended with starch to reduce the cost. In this paper, 1-buyl-3-methylimidazolium halide pre-plasticized corn starch (CS) was blended with PBS to prepare PBS/corn starch blend material modified by ionic liquid (PBS/CS-IL). Ionic liquid (IL) acted as plasticizer and compatibilizer, and the effects of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium halide with different halogen anion on PBS/Starch blends were explored. The effects of IL on the structure and tensile property of PBS/Starch blends were evaluated by FTIR, SEM, DSC, TGA and XRD, respectively. Test results showed that the addition of IL significantly reduced the crystallinity of PBS/Starch blends, and the size of starch particles in the PBS matrix was also effectively reduced. IL also acted as a compatibilizer of starch and PBS, and induced the morphology of the blends to change from "sea-island" structure to homogeneous phase. The results of the tensile test showed that compared with the PBS/Starch blend without IL, the elongation at break of PBS/CS-IL increased from 22% to 93%. This study provided a simple and feasible method for the preparation of low-cost PBS bio-composite materials, and provided theoretical support for future industrial production. Mechanism of interaction between ionic liquid modified corn starch and PBS. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 3 (NSD3) is an attractive potential target in the therapy for human cancers. Herein, we report the discovery of a series of small-molecule NSD3 degraders based on the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) strategy. The represented compound 8 induces NSD3 degradation with DC 50 values of 1.43 and 0.94 μM in NCI–H1703 and A549 lung cancer cells, respectively, and shows selectivity over two other NSD proteins. 8 reduces histone H3 lysine 36 methylation and induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung cancer cells. Moreover, the RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry assays showed that 8 downregulates NSD3-associated gene expression. Significantly, 8 , but not 1 (a reported NSD3-PWWP antagonist) could inhibit the cell growth of NCI–H1703 and A549 cells. A single administration of 8 effectively decreases the NSD3 protein level in lung cancer xenograft models. Therefore, this study demonstrated that inducing NSD3 degradation is a more effective approach inhibiting the function of NSD3 than blocking the NSD3-PWWP domain, which may provide a potential therapeutic approach for lung cancer. [Display omitted] • A potent and selective PROTAC degrader of NSD3 was designed, synthesized and evaluated. • Compound 8 decreased NSD3-associated genes and H3K36me3. • Compound 8 induced lung cancer cell growth arrest and apoptosis. • Compound 8 inhibited proliferation and clone formation in lung cancer cells. • A single dose of compound 8 effectively reduced NSD3 in xenograft tumor tissue in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capacitive performances of carbon materials greatly rely on the porous structure and conductive network. However, the compromise of carbon materials with suitable porosity and 3D conductive framework still exists difficulty. Herein, a hierarchical porous free-standing carbon nanofiber (CNF) membrane was obtained from electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofiber membrane via one-step carbonization and activation process. The influence of carbonization temperature on microstructure and electrochemical performance of carbons are investigated. The 800 °C carbonized sample CA-CNFs-800 exhibits large specific surface area of 720.8 m2 g−1 and suitable pore size distribution. The micropore dominated structure and three-dimensional conductive carbon networks enable fast electron/ion transport. The specific capacitance reaches 229.4 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 with good rate performance of 72.8% capacitance retention at 20 A g−1 for CA-CNFs-800. Moreover, CA-CNFs-800 possess high capacitance retention of 97.3% after 40,000 cycles at 20 A g−1. The CA-CNFs outperform other bio-based carbon materials, highlighting the great promise of CA-based CNFs for improving the capacitive performance of supercapacitors in electronic energy storage devices. [Display omitted] • The free-standing carbon nanofiber membranes are fabricated via electrospinning, and following one step carbonization/activation process. • The cellulose acetate derived carbon nanofiber membranes display hierarchical porous structure with high specific surface area. • The as-prepared electrode materials with 3D conductive network exhibit high specific capacitance and good cycling stability. • The a single supercapacitor assembled in series is able to easily light red light-emitting diodes and hold for 50 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The stability of methane hydrate depends on not only temperature and pressure but also the salinity of the environment where the methane hydrate exists. The variation in the stability of methane hydrate due to the change in salinity induces mechanical response in micro scale of the methane hydrate-bearing sediments (MHBS). However, it is really heard to quantitatively analyze this effect by controlling salinity of the MHBS in micro scale experiment. Therefore, our study applies Distinct Element Method to investigate the micro-scale mechanical response subject to the salinity variation. An existing contact model for cemented soils is extended to explicitly include the effects of salinity on bond strength and modulus, which are verified by experimental data. Using the proposed thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical contact model, we conducted a series of case studies to investigate macroscopic and microscopic mechanical responses during three different stress paths, i.e. isotropic, triaxial and constant stress ratio tests. The results show that as the salinity increases, the shear strength and stiffness decrease while the deformation and bond breakage ratio accelerate. The results are valuable to develop constitutive models for MHBS and have safe exploitation of MH resources in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An on-machine noncontact scanning method for high-gradient surface is presented. • Segmented motion is designed considering steepness angle and planning deviations. • The chromatic confocal probe is integrated into the diamond turning machine. Inspecting a high-gradient freeform surface is a challenging task in manufacturing automation due to its complexity of the surface and high-aspect-ratio. On-machine measurement has shown remarkable achievements in ultra-precision manufacturing. In this paper, an on-machine noncontact scanning method using chromatic confocal probe for high-gradient freeform surface is proposed. First, a coordinate sampling model of scanning based on an ultra-precision diamond turning machine is established. Then, the steepness angle is defined to guide the scanning curves distribution, and global mesh scanning lines are generated by controlling planning deviations. Segmented motion trajectory of the probe is designed considering the vector direction of optical axis and sensor offset error. Finally, the scanning parameters are determined and the NC inspection program is generated. The proposed method can make a balance between accuracy and efficiency. Its effectiveness is verified by the on-machine inspection experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The welding current is the most important parameter for the features. • The regression model performs well and its maximum relative error is about 9%. • Five features were selected to express the shape of the dynamic resistance signal. In this paper, relevant twenty features were extracted from the dynamic resistance signal of the welding operation and subsequent mathematical models incorporating the qualifying features were developed to investigate the relationship among dynamic resistance, welding quality and welding parameters based on the stepwise regression method. The results of the analysis of variance indicated the peak point location t 1 , the initial resistance value r 0 , and the first slope k 1 had little correlation with welding process parameters. The welding current is the most significant factor affecting the dynamic resistance signal, followed by welding time and electrode pressure. The welding current has significant effects on all the extracted features, while the electrode pressure only affects seven features. The model utilizing the features of r mean , r e , r α , r β and r med was developed to predict the welding quality. r mean is the most significant factor in the model whose maximum relative error is less than 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The dislocation nucleation and movement realize the plastic deformation. • The [1 1 0] cutting obtained the best surface and subsurface quality. • Some defects such as atomic clusters, two types of dislocations occur in subsurface. • 1/2 〈1 1 1〉 dislocations merge into stable 〈1 0 0〉 dislocation for the [1 0 0] cutting. The subsurface damage of micro-nano components and high-precision surface affects the reliability and service life of the workpiece. In this study, the nano-cutting molecular dynamics simulation model of single crystal tungsten in different crystal orientations was carried out to investigate the changes of crystal structure and dislocation evolution. The result showed that the dislocation nucleation and movement inside the workpiece lead to the defects such as atomic clusters, stair-rod dislocation and "V-shaped" dislocation. By cutting along 〈1 1 0〉, the best surface quality, the minimum subsurface defect layer depth and the greatest elastic recovery of defect layer can be obtained. During the different cutting process, there are two kinds of dislocation lines in the subsurface layer: 1/2 〈1 1 1〉 and 〈1 0 0〉. At the cutting direction of [1 0 0], 1/2 〈1 1 1〉 dislocation lines continuously merge into stable 〈1 0 0〉 dislocation lines, resulting in a sharp fluctuation of dislocation density. When the cutting directions are [1 1 0] and [1 1 1], 1/2 〈1 1 1〉 dislocation lines play an important role in plastic deformation, and the proportion of dislocation merging reaction is very small. This study reveals the formation mechanism of damage layer in ultra-precision cutting of single crystal tungsten from the atomic scale and provides a technical guidance for improving subsurface damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]