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Objectives Nasal foreign bodies (NFB) constitute a common domestic accident in children. The objectives of the present study were to report the particularities of NFBs in children presenting at a pediatric hospital in Senegal, and to describe our therapeutic attitude. Material and methods A retrospective descriptive study included all under-15 year-olds presenting with NFB in the ENT department of the National Children's Hospital Center of Diamniadio, Senegal, between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2015. Study variables comprised: age, gender, provenance, presenting symptoms, time to consultation, type of NFB, extraction method, and complications. Results 58 NFB cases were retrieved. Mean age was 3 years 4 months; 93% of patients were under 5 years old. There was female predominance of 53.45%: i.e., sex-ratio, 0.87. Location was in the right cavity in 43 patients (74.1%). The presenting symptom was purulent rhinorrhea in 51.7% of cases. Time to consultation was within 24 hours in 17.24% of cases. NFB type was firstly foam rubber (29.3%), followed by grain (20.7%). Extraction was performed in consultation in 84.5% of cases and in the operating room in 15.5%. Morbidity was 22.41%: 17.24% epistaxis and 5.17% nasal infection. Conclusion NFBs constitute a common domestic accident in under-5 year-olds. The rural Senegalese context shows delay in consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Nous décrivons un cas d’entomophtharomycose rhinofaciale chez une sexagénaire (65 ans), immunocompétente, femme au foyer résidant au Burkina Faso. Elle a consulté au centre hospitalo-universitaire de Bobo-Dioulasso en février 2016, en dermatologie puis en stomatologie pour tuméfaction diffuse de la face, qui évoluerait depuis 6 mois, accompagnée de céphalées et d’obstruction nasale gauche. L’examen anatomopathologique d’une biopsie de la lésion montre une importante réaction inflammatoire polymorphe associée à la présence de filaments mycéliens non septés, larges parfois branchés à angle droit, compatible avec une mucormycose. Le diagnostic mycologique avec culture sur Sabouraud sans antibiotique ni cyclohéximide après incubation à 27 °C et à 30 °C se révèle non contributif. En outre, l’ADN extrait des coupes histologiques n’a pas pu être amplifié par la PCR. Une thérapie antimycosique à base de fluconazole par voie orale en raison de 800 mg par jour est entreprise, permettant une amélioration clinique. Ceci est le premier cas d’entomophtharomycose rhinofaciale documenté à Bobo-Dioulasso. L’entomophtharomycose rhinofaciale est largement méconnue, même en zone tropicale comme le Burkina Faso. Ce manque de connaissance conduit presque inévitablement à un retard dans l’établissement du diagnostic correct et, par conséquent, à un mauvais pronostic vital. Il devient impératif d’améliorer la connaissance de cette maladie pour guider les étapes diagnostiques, le pronostic des résultats et la thérapie antifongique. Summary We describe a rhinofacial entomophthoramycosis case in a sexagenarian (65 years old) housewife. She was immunocompetent and resident of Burkina Faso. She consulted both the service of dermatology and the service of stomatology of the Teaching Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso in February 2016 for a diffuse facial tumefaction evolving over six months. This tumefaction was associated with headaches and a left nasal obstruction. Histological examination of the lesion showed an important and polymorphic inflammatory reaction. Also, a filamentous fungus with wide non-septated hyphae and right-angled fungal branching, consistent with mucormycosis was isolated. Mycological diagnosis based on fungal culture with Sabouraud medium without any antibiotic and cyclohexemide after incubation at 27 °C and at 30 °C was negative. Furthermore, it was not possible to amplify the DNA extracted from biopsy. Antifungal therapy based on the administration of fluconazole per os at 800 mg/day was started allowing clinical improvement. This is the first case of a rhinofacial entomophtharomycosis documented in Bobo-Dioulasso. Rhinofacial entomophthoromycosis is largely unknown, even in tropical regions such as Burkina Faso. This lack of knowledge results in a delay in the diagnosis, and subsequently a bad prognosis. It is therefore urgent to improve knowledge on this disease to guide diagnostic steps, prognosis of outcome, and antifungal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the 2014-2015 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in N'Zérékoré, Forested Guinea, modes of transmission remained unexamined for a number of new cases. We used network visualization to investigate EVD transmission chains (TC) in seven sub-prefectures of N'Zérékoré in order to adapt outbreak response.Methods: Between August 2014 and February 2015, the EVD outbreak response team including the World Health Organization (WHO) and local health authorities routinely collected information among new cases regarding hospital visits, cases within a household, participation in burials, as well as dates of symptom onset, serial intervals (SI) and exposure to EVD. SI's were defined as the interval between symptom onset in an index case and symptom onset in a secondary case infected by that index case. Cases who reported hospital visits, contact with a case in the household or participating in burials were attributed to these exposures.Results: We identified seven TC (two urban and five rural) gathering characteristics of 109 probable/confirmed cases. Overall, 61% (66 cases, SI range: 7-20 days) were household related, 32% (35 cases, SI range 8-30 days) were household or burial related and 7% (8 cases, SI range: 4-20 days) were hospital-related. In the urban chains (18 cases, SI range: 7-20 days), 12 cases were household related and 6 cases were hospital related, none where household or burial related. In the rural chains (84 cases, SI range: 7-30 days), 60% (50 cases) were household related, 1% (1 case) was hospital related and 39% (34 cases) were household or burial related. No cases reported multiple exposures.Conclusions: Network visualization during field response is crucial in enhancing local control strategies, refining outbreak response and aiding rapid response teams in insuring psychosocial and socio-economic recovery. Urban settings need to focus on reducing hospital EVD transmission whereas rural settings should focus on raising awareness of transmission within a household and safeguarding EVD burials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Le mycétome est une maladie infectieuse, bactérienne ou fongique, qui affecte la peau et/ou les tissus mous et qui peut se compliquer d’atteinte osseuse. L’aspect clinique le plus fréquent est celui d’une tuméfaction fistulisée du pied, mais des localisations extrapodales sont possibles. Nous rapportons un cas de mycétome extrapodal chez un homme de 47 ans, reçu pour une tuméfaction polyfistulisée de la jambe évoluant depuis deux ans, chez qui l’examen anatomopathologique a permis de confirmer le diagnostic de mycétome actinomycosique et la TDM de montrer l’importance de l’extension osseuse et aux parties molles. Ce cas était caractérisé par le caractère très inflammatoire de la tumeur, sa localisation à la jambe sans atteinte podale, la modicité des signes fonctionnels par rapport à l’importance des atteintes osseuses radiologiques, la pandiaphysite très destructive de la fibula tandis que le tibia était quasi intact et la bonne réponse au traitement. Malgré l’aspect clinique souvent évocateur, le diagnostic de mycétome est encore souvent tardif dans notre pays, au stade d’extension osseuse et/ou articulaire. Des mesures pour réduire les retards au diagnostic des mycétomes doivent être une priorité. Summary Mycetoma is a bacteriological or fungal infectious disease affecting the skin and/or soft tissues, which can be complicated by bone involvement. The most common feature is a tumor of the foot, but extrapodal localizations have been described. We report one case of a 47-year-old man who presented with tumefaction of a leg with multiple skin fistulae. Histopathological examination permitted to confirm the diagnosis of actinomycetoma and TDM showed the degree of bone and soft tissues involvement. Our case was characterized by the very inflammatory aspect of the tumor, its localization to the leg without foot involvement, the modest functional signs compared to the importance of radiological bone involvements, the deep destruction of the fibula while the tibia was apparently intact and the good response to treatment. In spite of its characteristic features, diagnosis of mycetoma is still late in our country, often with bone and/or articular spread. Priority may be given to measures for reduction of mycetoma diagnosis lateness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new alkaloid, named gasabiimine (1), together with four known bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids (phaeanthine, 1,2-dehydroapateline, N-methylapateline, O-methylcocsoline) has been isolated from the roots of Triclisia sacleuxii. The structure of the new alkaloid was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Sedation has been used widely for reducing patient anxiety during peribulbar block for ocular surgery. We report the case of a patient in whom a spontaneous move after injection of propofol for peribulbar block resulted in a globe perforation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Microbial culturomics represents a completely new approach to investigate microbial diversity by using different optimized culture conditions, mass spectrometry, genome sequencing and annotation and phenotypic description that allow for an extensive characterization of new species and the study of the human microbiome. Here we present four new species within the genus Paenibacillus : ‘Paenibacillus bouchesdurhonensis’ strain Marseille-P3071 T , ‘Paenibacillus rubinfantis’ strain MT18 T , ‘Paenibacillus senegalimassiliensis’ strain SIT18 T and ‘Paenibacillus tuaregi’ strain Marseille-P2472 T , which are all facultatively aerobic and Gram-positive bacilli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here the main characteristics of five new species, ‘ Marasmitruncus massiliensis’ strain Marseille-P3646 T (CSUR P3646), ‘ Clostridium culturomicum ’ strain Marseille-P3545 T (CSUR P3545), ‘ Blautia provencensis ’ strain Marseille-P3502 T (CSUR P3502), ‘ Bacillus caccae ’ strain Marseille-P3604 T (CSUR P3604) and ‘ Ornithinibacillus massiliensis ’ strain Marseille-P3601 T (CSUR P3601), which were isolated recently from undernourished children's stool samples from Niger using microbial culturomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]