1. How Much Is Too Much? Increased Formula Intake Linked to Rapid Weight Gain in Infants.
- Author
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McElhenny, Kristen and Dharod, Jigna
- Subjects
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FOOD habits , *STATURE , *STATISTICS , *BODY weight , *CHILDHOOD obesity , *RESEARCH methodology , *MOTHER-infant relationship , *INTERVIEWING , *WEIGHT gain , *INFANT nutrition , *T-test (Statistics) , *COMPARATIVE studies , *NUTRITION education , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *POVERTY , *DATA analysis software , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Rapid weight gain (RWG) in infants increases the risk for obesity later in life. The main goal of the study was to examine prevalence of RWG and its association with feeding practices among low-income infants. Mother-infant dyads (n = 216) were recruited from a pediatric clinic that mainly served Medicaid recipients. Mothers were interviewed and 24-h feeding recalls were conducted at 6 and 9 months of infant's age. Infant's weight and length measurements were retrieved from the clinic's medical records. RWG was defined as a change of more than 0.67 standard deviations in weight-for-age z-score between 6 and 12 months. Utilizing NDSR program, total calorie intake, calories from formula/bottle feeding vs. breastmilk vs. complementary foods, were calculated. Descriptives and bivariate t-test were conducted using SPSS v. 28.0.1.1(15). Of the total participants, 37% and 39% were African American and Latino, respectively. Most (79%) of the participants were receiving WIC. About 39% of infants (n=75) at 9 months were receiving breastmilk (either fully or in addition to formula). About 23% of the infants had RWG between 6 and 12 months. In comparison, significant differences in total calorie and calories from formula were found at 6 and 9 months between those who had RWG versus who did not. For instance, at 6-month, average calorie intake among RWG group was 560.65 (+/- 315.78) vs. no RWG group (392.53 +/- 346.94, p<0.05). In examining the pattern, the frequency of formula intake was significantly higher while number of times breastfed was lower among RWG group compared to their counterparts ie, no RWG. Formula feeding is associated with increased energy intake and RWG in late infancy. Continuation of breastfeeding post 6 months can help reduce the risk for RWG among infants. Nutrition education on formula and related feeding practices is vital in ensuring normal growth rate during infancy. NIH [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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