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The current study identified profiles of trait mindfulness in a sample of 514 early Chinese adolescents (mean age = 10.54 years), and examined their associations with emotion regulation. Latent profile model was built on five facets of mindfulness (observing, non-judging, acting with awareness, describing, and non-reactivity). Results showed negative correlations of the five facets among the four identified profiles: Judging & High Mindfulness (Profile 1, 43.1%), Non-reacting Observing (Profile 2, 6.7%), Non-judging & Low Mindfulness (Profile 3, 20.4%), and Non-judgmental Awareness (Profile 4, 29.7%). Judging & High Mindfulness and Non-reacting Observing profile used significantly more reappraisal than the other profiles. Besides, Non-reacting Observing applied significantly more behavioral suppression than the other profiles. The result indicated diverse patterns of trait mindfulness among the early adolescents, and the associations of trait mindfulness with emotion regulation should be considered comprehensively with all facets, rather than separately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Culture has a strong influence on how people evaluate and regulate their emotions. Previous findings suggest that Easterners tend to prefer controlling their emotions more than do Westerners. However, there is still little evidence on the prevalence of cultural differences in implicit attitudes towards emotion regulation. The goal of the present study is to investigate cross-cultural differences in the implicit and explicit attitudes towards emotion regulation to help bridge this gap in the literature. The sample consisted of 61 Chinese and 54 European Americans. Emotion Regulation Implicit Association Test (ER-IAT) was used to examine the implicit attitudes towards emotion regulation. Results showed that (1) Chinese implicitly evaluated emotional expression as more negative than European Americans; (2) Similarly, Chinese explicitly valued emotional expression as less important than European Americans. Further implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research on emotion regulation has shown that cognitive reappraisal is a healthier and more effective emotion regulation strategy than expressive suppression. However, there are few studies in this field that combine real-time emotion regulation with the use of habitual emotion regulation strategies to observe the patterns of brain activity, and fewer studies focusing on adolescents. Frontal electroencephalography (EEG) asymmetry reflects the difference between brain activation in left and right frontal areas and is widely viewed as an effective biomarker of emotional reactivity and regulation. The present study investigated the asymmetry of the frontal EEG activity during adolescents' emotional regulation, and explored its relationship with adolescents' habitual use of emotional regulation strategies. Habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression was measured with the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ). EEG was recorded from 54 adolescents (24 boys & 30 girls, M age = 12.59), during the Reactivity and Regulation-Image Task. Results showed that adolescents who used cognitive reappraisal strategies more habitually exhibited greater left frontal asymmetry during real-time enhancement or reduction of negative emotions. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between habitual use of suppression and frontal alpha asymmetry. The results provide neurological evidence that, for adolescents, the use of habitual emotion regulation strategies may affect real-time emotion regulation, adolescents who use cognitive reappraisal more frequently are more capable or more prone to recruit appropriate brain regions in situations that need to regulate negative emotions. This reinforces the importance of the formation and use of correct emotion regulation habits for adolescents. • Cognitive reappraisal is a healthy and effective emotion regulation strategy. • Frontal electroencephalography (EEG) asymmetry is an effective biomarker of emotional reactivity and regulation. • Adolescents' habitual use of emotion regulation strategies affects their frontal EEG asymmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explored the interconnection between career and academic progress in the context of Gaokao pressure among Chinese high school students. Employing a three-wave longitudinal design, 1260 students were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) over two years. Findings unveiled a positive correlation between career development and academic motivation and self-efficacy. Moreover, the study revealed that career action moderated academic self-efficacy based on the trajectory of career development. Increasing career development positively impacted academic self-efficacy, while declining career development had a negative effect. These results underscore the necessity for tailored career education interventions. Students with well-established career development can benefit from practical opportunities, whereas those with less mature development can benefit from comprehensive career information. This study offers valuable insights for educators and policymakers to foster optimal academic and career advancement among Chinese high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the present study was to examine the relations between the cognitive (i.e., expectations) and emotional (i.e., anxiety, anger) components of rejection sensitivity and adjustment among Chinese children. Participants were N = 654 children (grades four to seven) in Shanghai, China. Measures of rejection sensitivity, socio-emotional functioning, and academic achievement were collected via multi-source assessment. Among the results, the anxiety component was associated with psychological problems (e.g., social anxiety, lower self-worth), whereas the anger component was associated with social and behavioral problems (e.g., peer victimization, lower peer preference, total difficulties). Rejection expectations were associated with the widest range of adjustment difficulties. The current findings suggest that rejection sensitivity poses considerable risk for Chinese youth, and that the emotional and cognitive components of rejection sensitivity should be viewed as distinct vulnerabilities for risk. Results are discussed in terms of the unique implications of rejection sensitivity in Chinese culture. • Social affiliation and acceptance are highly valued in Chinese culture • Rejection sensitivity may pose particular risk for adjustment difficulties in China • Expectations of rejection were associated with a variety of adjustment difficulties • The anxiety component was uniquely associated with psychological difficulties • The anger component was uniquely associated with social and behavioral problems [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]