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Physical activity's established health benefits include pain control, yet there is no consensus on the required dosage according to the literature. To test the influence of exercise on perceived health in patients whose daily activities are limited due to pain. Besides, analyze the possible moderating effect of age and find a formula for exercise dosage based on the perceived level of health. Cross-sectional study based on the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey with 4,123 participants reporting activity limitations in their daily activities due to pain. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version) was used to calculate energy expenditure. Data included age, sex, leisure-time physical activity, sitting time, pain-related impairments, pain medication, and perceived health. Mediation regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS PROCESS 4.0 macro. Results indicate a decline in perceived health with age. The relationship between exercise (energy expenditure) and perceived health was highly significant (d=-0.224, p <0.001). Age moderated the association between pain and energy expenditure up to 75.61 years (0.1568, p =0.05) and between energy expenditure and perceived health up to 75.74 years (-0.289, p =0.05), but this effect diminished afterwards. A formula was developed to estimate energy expenditure based on the desired level of health. The perception of health in people who are limited in their daily activities due to pain (moderate to very much) is mediated by the amount of physical activity they perform. Besides, this perception is moderated by age, up to 76 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• To face the pathology caused by the coronavirus, the researches focused on the use of pharmacological treatments (ie Remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine or Interferon) and the development of effective vaccines. • Not all studies have shown positive evidence for the use of some drugs as a treatment for coronavirus. • The diverse symptoms and high mortality rate have highlighted the use of non-pharmacological therapies, as alternatives or complementary to the drug approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies as part of the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications, either combined or not with the usual treatment. A systematic review was conducted between August and October 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From a total of 204 articles identified, 33 were included in the final sample (15 clinical trials and 18 quasi-experimental studies). The methodological evaluation was carried out using STROBE and CONSORT guidelines. There is a growing literature on the use of CAM for COVID-19. Most studies have shown positive findings, particularly for the use of TCM, other herbal therapies and acupuncture. Nevertheless, most studies were carried out in Asia and relied on quasi-experimental designs. The current evidence is available for physical outcomes (mortality rate, pneumonia resolution and other symptoms, negative PCR test, and hospitalization and ICU admissions) and for mental health outcomes. Despite a positive role of CAM on COVID-19 outcomes, the evidence is still mostly based on quasi-experimental studies. More robust clinical trials are needed in order to generate better evidence in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between spirituality / religiousness and Burnout Syndrome in nurses, as well as to examine the current evidence for spiritual/religious interventions to alleviate their symptoms.Data Sources: A scoping review was conducted using CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Pubmed databases, and grey literature, between January and July 2020.Study Selection: Two researchers performed the searches with a 95% agreement rate for the inclusion and exclusion of the studies. Both quantitative and qualitative studies published in peer-reviewed journals, using Spanish, Portuguese or English language were included. Restriction on publication date was not applied.Data Extraction: A total of 1143 articles were identified and 18 were included in the final analysis. Quality assessment was performed, following CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA and COREQ guidelines. Finally, the following data were extracted: authors, year, country, study design and sample characteristics, purpose of the study, and major findings.Data Synthesis: The results of the present review show that spirituality / religiousness is a common strategy used by nurses when coping with stress and burnout. Most studies reveal that spiritual and religious beliefs are correlated with lower levels of burnout, exhaustion and depersonalization in different settings. Nevertheless, two studies have not found any relationship and one study has found worse outcomes.Conclusions: There is a lack of experimental studies trying to examine if spiritual interventions could modify burnout levels in clinical practice. Health managers should be aware of the spirituality / religiousness of their nurses and provide the appropriate spiritual support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses were responsible for providing spiritual care to their patients. • There is a general confusion about the role that nurses should play in the incorporation of Spirituality and/or Religiosity on the patient's healthcare. • Work overload, insufficient time and lack of training are perceived as barriers to provide spiritual care. • It necessary to improve the nursing training on Spirituality and/or Religiosity to ensure a better spiritual care with patients. Spiritual care has a positive influence when patients are subjected to serious illnesses, and critically ill situations such as the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of nurses working at critical care units and emergency services in Spain concerning the spiritual care providing to patients and families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative investigation was carried out using in-depth interviews with 19 ICU nursing professionals. During the pandemic, nurses provided spiritual care for their patients. Although they believed that spirituality was important to help patients to cope with the disease, they do not had a consensual definition of spirituality. Work overload, insufficient time and lack of training were perceived as barriers for providing spiritual healthcare. These results support the role of spirituality in moments of crisis and should be considered by health professionals working in critical care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the perceptions and attitudes of health professionals working in emergency services and critical care units in Spain about spiritual care provided during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative investigation was carried out using in-depth interviews. Emergency and emergency and ICU health professionals from different regions of Spain. The sample consisted of 47 nursing and one nursing assistant. The qualitative analysis yielded four main themes that reflect the following categories: "the experience with spirituality in clinical practice"; "resources and barriers to provide spiritual care"; "the COVID pandemic and spiritual care" and "training in spiritual care". In addition, two subdeliveries were also obtained: "ethical dilemma" and "rituals of death". The majority of emergency and critical care nurses believe spiritual care is important to their clinical practice, but there are still several barriers to address patients' spiritual needs. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, professionals felt that spiritual beliefs have emerged as important needs of patients and the restrictions imposed by the pandemic made health professionals more exposed to ethical dilemmas and end-of-life religious issues. The general impression of health professionals is that more training and resources are needed on this topic. Health professionals in emergency intensive care must provide nursing care that meets the spiritual needs of their patients to improve care in crisis situations such as the one suffered by the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, emergency services professionals must work and participate in the development of measures to overcome certain barriers present in emergency services, such as lack of time, lack of training and misconceptions that make it difficult to approach emergency services these needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spiritual interventions have proved to alleviate suffering, help the patient to prepare for end of life issues, improve quality of life, and well-being. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of religious and spiritual interventions in nursing care to promote mental, physical and spiritual health as compared to control groups not receiving such care. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials from SCOPUS, PUBMED, Web of Science and CINAHL databases. The searches were carried out between May and July 2020 without restrictions concerning the date of publication. Peer-reviewed articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, focusing on nurses were included. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines. In addition, the CONSORT and The Cochrane Collaborations tool for assessing risk of bias were followed. The search process identified 1308 publications, 18 randomized controlled trials were included for the systematic review and 9 for the meta-analysis. The meta-analyses revealed that spiritual interventions were associated with lower mental health symptoms (SMD = -6.91 [−9.83,-3.98], p < 0.001, I2 = 99 %), greater well-being (SMD = 1.26 [0.58, 1.93], p < 0.001, I2 = 94 %) and higher levels of spirituality (SMD = 0.48 [0.29, 0.67], p < 0.001, I2 = 31 %) as compared to individuals in the control group. Spiritual interventions seem to be effective to promote health, as seen for mental health, spirituality, well-being and physical outcomes. Nevertheless, more than half of the studies have a high risk of bias in any of the dimensions evaluated and there is an important heterogeneity among interventions and outcomes. This is particularly important to nurses and nurse managers who want to provide a holistic care to their patients. • Spiritual interventions improve quality of life and well-being, and help patients to prepare for end of life issues. • Spiritual interventions are associated with better health outcomes in nursing care. • Nurses and nurse managers should be trained in order to provide a more patient centered approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]