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Corneal neovascularization can lead to a devastating disease process that involves the breakdown of the limbal barrier and the formation of blood vessels in the cornea, leading to severe visual impairment. This review discusses the delicate balance between antiangiogenic and angiogenic factors that govern the antiangiogenic privilege of the cornea. Current treatment methods, clinical trials, and future prospects in the management of corneal neovascularization also are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: As techniques for cataract surgery have evolved, spontaneous intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation has decreased overall. However, since 2006 the Intermountain Ocular Research Center has received an increased number of explanted IOLs within the capsular bag forwarded for pathologic evaluation. Late, spontaneous dislocation of IOLs results from zonular insufficiency and zonulysis that has been associated with pseudoexfoliation, trauma, and other risk factors. The findings of 86 consecutive cases of this complication, analyzed in the laboratory, are described. Design: Retrospective case series. Participants: Eighty-six IOLs explanted within the capsular bag, submitted in formalin. Methods: Standard light microscopy of specimens, as well as questionnaire sent to explanting surgeons and patient chart review, when available. Main Outcome Measures: Lens design, material, and abnormalities; capsular bag anomalies; patient demographic data; surgical dates; and presence or absence of known risk factors. Results: This series included polymethyl methacrylate, silicone, and hydrophobic acrylic lenses, manufactured with both 1-piece and 3-piece designs. The mean time from surgery to spontaneous IOL dislocation was 8.5 years. The main conditions associated with the cases of IOL dislocation were as follows: pseudoexfoliation, 50%; prior vitreoretinal surgery, 19%; history of trauma, 6%; uveitis, 2%; and none or unknown, 23%. Conclusions: Patients with any type of IOL are at risk for late in-the-bag dislocation. Pseudoexfoliation and vitreoretinal surgery were the most common associated conditions in this series. Regardless of the presence of known risk factors, IOLs dislocated on average 8.5 years after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The authors investigated the associations between attachment, empathy, rumination, forgiveness, and depressive symptoms via the framework of attachment theory. Participants (N =221; 141 F and 80 M) completed a battery of questionnaires. We hypothesized that (a) anxious and avoidant attachment would be negatively linked to dispositional forgiveness; (b) the anxious attachment–forgiveness link would be mediated through excessive rumination; (c) the avoidance attachment–forgiveness link would be mediated through lack of empathy; and (d) the insecure attachment–depression relation would, in turn, be partially mediated by the forgiveness process. SEM modeling confirmed these propositions, revealing the potential deleterious outcomes associated with insecure attachment and unforgiving responses to offenses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Physiological cardiac hypertrophy is associated with mitochondrial adaptations that are characterized by activation of PGC-1α and increased fatty acid oxidative (FAO) capacity. It is widely accepted that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling to Akt1 is required for physiological cardiac growth. However, the signaling pathways that coordinate physiological hypertrophy and metabolic remodeling are incompletely understood. We show here that activation of PI3K is sufficient to increase myocardial FAO capacity and that inhibition of PI3K signaling prevents mitochondrial adaptations in response to physiological hypertrophic stimuli despite increased expression of PGC-1α. We also show that activation of the downstream kinase Akt is not required for the mitochondrial adaptations that are secondary to PI3K activation. Thus, in physiological cardiac growth, PI3K is an integrator of cellular growth and metabolic remodeling. Although PI3K signaling to Akt1 is required for cellular growth, Akt-independent pathways mediate the accompanying mitochondrial adaptations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The moral domains of loyalty, authority, and purity have been linked with both religion and conservatism in Moral Foundations Theory. Yet there are important individual differences in religiosity. We sought to provide a more nuanced understanding of the relations between religiosity, conservatism, and the moral foundations identified in MFT. Participants were 450 Christians who completed an online survey assessing outreaching faith, religious commitment, belief in an authoritarian God, Biblical literalism, and the prioritization of each of the five moral foundations. Conservatism and religious commitment were significant positive predictors of Loyalty. Controlling for conservatism and religious commitment, we found that Fairness was predicted by outreaching faith; Care was positively predicted by outreaching faith and negatively predicted by belief in an authoritarian God; Authority was predicted by literalism; and Purity was predicted by literalism and authoritarian God representations. Our results highlight the need to consider individual differences in religious beliefs in theorizing about moral foundations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designed for middle and high school students to rate the cultural humility levels among their teachers, this two-study article reports on the development and initial validation of the Cultural Humility Scale for Students (CHS-S), which was adapted from the original Cultural Humility Scale used in psychotherapy. Having cultural humility may facilitate positive teacher-student relationships by preventing or responding to cultural differences when they occur. Study 1 validated the scale's use with a sample of middle school students (N = 1522). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure (positive factor and negative factor) with 11 total items. Scalar measurement invariance was supported for gender comparisons. Partial scalar models were supported for race/ethnicity and grade comparisons. Compared with boys, girls reported that their teachers displayed significantly higher levels of positive cultural humility (estimate = 0.19, Cohen's d = 0.16, p =.005). Study 2 extended this work to examine high school students (N = 1612) and provided evidence that teacher cultural humility was predictive of teacher-student relationship quality (TSRQ). Results indicated that Black students who rated their teachers as having high cultural humility also reported having significantly more trust in their teachers compared to their White peers (p <.001). In terms of gender, boys who rated their teachers as having lower cultural humility had significantly less trust in their teachers and felt more alienated from their teachers compared to girls (p <.001). Results provide initial evidence that the CHS-S may be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring middle and high school students' perceptions regarding their teachers' cultural humility. Additionally, results suggest that perceived teacher cultural humility is significantly associated with TSRQ (p -values ranged from 0.05 to 0.001 in the areas of Trust, Communication, and Alienation) and could be used to complement evaluations of school climate. Limitations and future directions for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition to parenthood involves a variety of stressors that can influence how partners perceive each other's character. When partners view each other as humble, this tends to increase commitment and relationship quality. In the present study, we expected that greater stress over the transition to parenthood would reduce relational humility. Participants consisted of heterosexual married couples ( N = 69 couples; N = 138 individuals) followed from three months prior to childbirth until 21 months after childbirth. A latent growth curve model demonstrated that higher initial levels of stress in couples were associated with a greater decrease in relational humility. The results suggest that individuals who are more stressed perceive their partners as increasingly less humble across the transition into parenthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present studies examined whether victims believed that forgiveness requires interpersonal interaction between the victim and offender. Having an interpersonal conceptualization of forgiveness was positively related to a collectivistic worldview. Also, an interpersonal conceptualization of forgiveness was positively related to forgiveness measures that stressed interpersonal interactions with the offender. However, an interpersonal conceptualization of forgiveness was positively related to a general measure of forgiveness only for those participants who were in a continuing relationship with the offender. The current research is an important step in understanding the contexts in which one’s conceptualization of forgiveness may influence its practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant research suggests perfectionism is a risk factor for developing disordered eating among women, and that self-compassion may mitigate risk factors in their associations with disordered eating pathology. However, less is known about these relations among women of color (WOC). The current study examined the moderating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perfectionism and disordered eating cognitions with a sample of WOC (N = 132). Results indicated that self-compassion moderated the relationship between perfectionism and disordered eating cognitions, such that the magnitude of the relationship is significantly weaker at higher levels of self-compassion compared to lower levels of self-compassion. Black women also reported higher levels of self-compassion and lower levels of disordered eating cognitions compared to other WOC. Limitations, implications, and future directions are discussed. • Perfectionism was positively related to disordered eating cognitions. • Self-compassion moderated the perfectionism-disordered eating cognitions relationship. • Perfectionism-disordered eating cognitions link is weaker at higher levels of self-compassion. • Black women reported higher self-compassion and lower disordered eating cognitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue residues were determined after intramuscular injection of florfenicol, ceftiofur, tulathromycin, oxytetracycline, and moxidectin in 102 white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ). At day 11, 21, and 31 post injection, only tulathromycin was detected at a level >0.01 ppm in the deer liver and muscle samples tested. Oxytetracycline was only detected in liver at day 11 post injection; no other drugs were detected in either muscle or liver at these time points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]