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The information on the pedotransfer function of soil is vital for crop cultivation planning and management. The present study evaluated the pedotransfer function of ten locations (different villages) in the Kalyanpur block of Bihar state, India. The various soil parameters like soil texture, infiltration rate, soil penetration resistance, Bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, available water content, field capacity, permanent wilting point, gravimetric moisture content and organic carbon were evaluated. The infiltration rate and soil penetration resistance were measured in the field and other parameters were evaluated in the laboratory with suitable techniques. The observed data of the above parameters were analyzed for given locations. A good coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.61) was discovered for the linear relationship between the infiltration rate as determined by the double ring infiltrometer and the soil penetration resistance (measured using a cone penetrometer down to a depth of 60 cm). Further, the nomographic representation of soil texture, final infiltration rate (mm h−1) and weighted mean of penetration resistance (kPa) was also developed. Furthermore, the regression analysis was done on five combinations (C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4 and C-5) of obtained parameters in which infiltration rate was taken as output and other parameters as input parameters to develop the pedotransfer model. Based on the obtained results, all combinations showed good correlation and C-3 with input parameters such as sand, silt, clay, porosity, GMC and AWC were found superior with good coefficient of determination values (R2 = 0.914). C-3 combination has the edge over C-4 combination (input: sand, silt, clay, porosity and organic carbon), having R2 values of 0.910. Therefore, the information obtained from the study will be helpful for policymakers in irrigation and other crop cultivation activities. [Display omitted] • The soil samples at 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm and 60 cm depths to evaluate different soil parameters. • IR and soil PR were evaluated by infiltrometer and cone penetrometer, resp. • Established a significant relationship between infiltration rate and PR. • Nomograph developed between texture, IR and PR for all villages. • Relation b/w soil texture, η, GMC, AWC and OC with IR using regression analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of cheap, earth-abundant 3 d transition metal catalysts in N-alkylation reactions of N -nucleophiles utilizing greener reagents alcohols via borrowing hydrogen strategy is a prominent goal in modern synthetic chemistry. Herein, we provide a concise overview on the earth–abundant, inexpensive 3 d transition metal complexes (mainly Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn complexes) which catalyze N-alkylation reactions of N -nucleophiles (amines, amides, acyl hydrazides and sulfonamides) using alcohols and their mechanisms. This review covers comprehensively the literature from the recent past. Recent developments of homogeneous 3 d transition metal catalyzed N -alkylation reactions using alcohols have been summarized in this review. This review includes different reaction parameters like solvent, temperature, yield of these alkylation reactions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An efficient Ag(I) catalyzed carbon–carbon and carbon–sulfur bond formation reaction of aryl halides and thiols with boronic acids has been demonstrated. Using this protocol, substrates with a wide range of functional group including electron-rich, and electron deficient substituents have been explored. These reactions are particularly useful to prepare symmetrical and unsymmetrical biphenyls and thioethers. These products were isolated in high yield. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A variety of sulfides and disulfides were converted into the corresponding sulfoxide derivatives with 70% t-BuOOH (water) as the oxidant in the presence of catalytic quantity of CuBr2. The method described does not involve cumbersome work-up, has wide range of applicabilities, exhibits chemoselectivity, and proceeds under mild reaction conditions, and the resulting products are obtained in good yields within reasonable time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]