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Background Child and adolescent obesity have special attention, since, it is beginning in adolescence, it is progressing and leading to the development of complications already in the adult state. One of the leading mechanisms of the pathogenesis of obesity is the activation of oxidative stress reactions, with decreased activity of antioxidant factors. Methods The state of lipid peroxidation processes in 42 adolescent boys was assessed, 19 of them were diagnosed with exogenous-constitutional obesity. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Results Decreased levels of primary lipid peroxidation products - diene conjugates (1.39 times) and increased concentration of secondary products - ketodienes and conjugated trienes (1.65 times) in adolescent boys with obesity were registered. In the antioxidant defense system were noted reduced values of α-tocopherol (1.42 times), retinol (1.51 times) and superoxide dismutase activity (1.19 times), in the absence of statistically significant changes in the total antioxidant activity content blood and components of glutathione status in adolescent boys with obesity in comparison with control. Conclusion Exogenous-constitutional obesity adolescent boys were exposed to more oxidative stress than adolescent boys with normal weight. Increased systemic oxidative stress induced by childhood obesity can cause development of obesity-related complications and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Individual biological effects of adaptation to extreme environmental conditions and reserve potentialities of an organism are, largely, genetically determined. One of the universal mechanisms of an organism’s defense under extreme conditions is the synthesis of unspecific factors - antioxidants. The aim of this work was to study peculiarities of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense in Tofalars versus non-indigenous girls. Methods Tofalars are the inhabitants of the Siberia, living in highland zone. They concern to the small population groups of the North (756 persons). The blood samples were taken from 35 teenages girls (17 Tofalars (indigenous), average age = 13.94±0.44, and 18 Caucasian (non-indigenous) girls, average age = 14.06±0.42). Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods for studying the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status have been used. Results A comparative content analysis of the primary lipid peroxidation products - diene conjugates - showed higher values of this parameter in the indigenous girls (1.5 times, p=0.0009), as compared to non-indigenous, with no changes in the content of the final TBA-active products (p>0.05). In antioxidant defense system of native girls, there were registered higher values of the total AOA - 1.45 times higher (p=0.0006), tocopherol - 1.29 times higher (p=0.0227 and retinol -1.34 times higher (p=0.0420) as compared to non-indigenous girls. Conclusion The differences in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense status between Tofalars and Caucasians have been observed. The probable explanation to this serves as genetic factors and metabolism features at Tofalars in comparison with Caucasians living at the same conditions. We can conclude that under the extreme climate of Tofalars girls of the native ethnos, in contrast to non-indigenous, exhibit adaptive reactions of lipid peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous researches show that data on an ethnic origin can give additional information for the personified approach in treatment of different diseases. The aim of this study was to compare oxidative stress and antioxidant defense parameters in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) of two ethnic groups. Patients with T1DM (Mongoloids (n=72) and Caucasians (n=50)) and with AH (Mongoloids (n=40) and Caucasians (n=102)) were examined. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. In Mongoloid-patients with T1DM there has been marked increased conjugated dienes (СDs) for 34% and increased total antioxidant activity parameter (TAA) for 54%; in Caucasian-patients with T1DM were increased thiobarbituric acid reactants for 50% and decreased TAA level for 23% compare to controls. СDs in Mongoloids and Caucasians with AH compare to the control were increased. TAAs level in Mongoloids with AH were higher compare to control for 20% and superoxide dismutase activity in Mongoloids with AH were higher for 22% compare to the Caucasians. Changes in oxidative stress parameters in Mongoloid-patients are characterized by low intensity, which is probably due to the increased activity of the antioxidant defense system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research of molecular mechanisms of obesity formation in adolescence is topical. The aim of this research was to study lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system changes in Mongoloid-patients with obesity and hepatosis. The study included 17 adolescence boys with exogenous constitutional obesity and hepatosis and 20 healthy individuals, Mongoloids living in Eastern Siberia. All patients underwent examination which included collection of anamnestic and clinical data, analysis of anthropometric parameters and nutritional status assessment. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Increased levels of primary lipid peroxidation products - diene conjugates (1.5 times) and increased concentration of secondary products - ketodienes and conjugated trienes (3.38 times) in patients with obesity and hepatosis were registered. In the antioxidant defense system were noted reduced values of α-tocopherol (1.27 times), retinol (1.45 times) in comparison with control. Exogenous-constitutional obesity with hepatosis in Mongoloid-patients was exposed to more oxidative stress than adolescent boys with normal weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background An evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense activity parameters in patients with HIV-infection is of great importance, especially for HIV-positive women of reproductive age planning to have children. The aim of this study was to identify antioxidant deficiency and frequency of reproductive disorders correlation in women with HIV-infection. Methods 53 women with HIV infection (mean age - 31.13 ± 4.49 years) were included in the investigations. They were divided into four groups depending on vitamins in blood plasma content (36 women - α-tocopherol level less than 12 μmol/L (group 1); 17 women α-tocopherol level in the range 12-24 μmol/L (group 2); 35 women with retinol level less than 1.05 μmol/L (group 3) and 18 women – retinol level in the range 1.05-2.8 μmol/L (group 4). Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods used. Results Our study proved that women with HIV and α-tocopherol deficiency have higher level of the reproductive system disorders (incidence of menstrual disorders (63%), infertility (36.1%), and a high percentage of failure of the luteal phase) than in the group with normal vitamin content. Increased levels of primary lipid peroxidation products - diene conjugates (1.8 ± 0.9 μmol/L in group 1 patients than those in group 2 (1.3 ± 0.7 μmol/L) (p=0.043), with the absence of significant differences in the content of the thiobarbituric acid reactants in this group were registered. Conclusion The results obtained showed a close correlation of α-tocopherol deficiency and disorders of the reproductive system in women with HIV-infection. It is a significant reason to recommend including of antioxidant drugs in HIV-women patients of complex pathogenetic therapy to regulate adequately their reproductive function and possibly to preserve reproductive ability in these women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chronic viral hepatitis B and C represent a serious medical and social problem, due to their widespread, severe course and significant rejuvenation of the main groups of patients. Currently, sharp increase of chronic forms of hepatitis incidence recorded mainly due to active involvement of reproductive age women in epidemic process. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system (POL-AOD) playing important place in adaptive reactions, reduction of inflammatory processes and pathology activity and homeostasis maintaining. Because of that, the aim of this study was to analyze peculiarities of POL-AOD parameters changes in women of reproductive age with chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Methods The study included 44 patients (mean age 28,8±7,5 years) with chronic viral hepatitis B (20 patients-45%) and C (24 patients -55%). The control group (mean age 30,8±2,9 years) consisted of 28 healthy women. Spectrophotometric and fluorimetric methods were carried out on "Shimadzu RF-1501" spectrofluorophotometer (Japan) and "Shimadzu RF-1650" spectrophotometer (Japan) used to investigate lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant defense components in serum and hemolysate. Results The results showed that women with chronic viral hepatitis have statistically significant 1.9 times (p=0,006) increase of POL end-of TBA-active products compared to control values. No statistically significant differences of lipid peroxidation primary products - diene conjugates revealed (p>0,05). The AOD system in women with chronic viral hepatitis in comparison with the control showed 39% decrease (p<0,0001) of blood total antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase activity was 23% lower (p<0.0001) and levels of α-tocopherol decreased for 24% (p=0,005). Conclusion In the course of chronic viral hepatitis the inflammatory process in the liver leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species, initiating lipid peroxidation processes, significant intensification of oxidative stress reactions accompanied by simultaneous inhibition of the antioxidant defense system functions. Data obtained prove the necessity of more thorough approach in diagnostic and therapeutic activities in such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Numerous studies indicate the activation of free radical processes in different stages and in different types of diabetes. The impact of ethnic factors on the course of the disease is of particular interest. The aim of this study was investigation of the lipid peroxidation content components in Mongoloids with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods The study included living in Eastern Siberia Mongoloid patients with T1DM (n = 38, mean age - 34,4 ± 1,9 years, duration of the disease - 12,05 ± 1,51 years). The "T1DM" diagnosis in all patients was confirmed by clinical and laboratory investigations. Severe comorbidities and severe diabetic complications were excluded. The average level of glycated hemoglobin in Mongoloids was 8,65±1.39%. The control group consisted of healthy individuals: Mongoloids with absence of family history for diabetes (n = 34, mean age 30,3 ± 1,3 years). Serum and hemolysate used as material for the study. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods used. Results In Mongoloid patients the diene conjugates level increased compared with the control group has been found (1.34-times higher , p<0,01). Antioxidant status in T1DM Mongoloids was characterized by a statistically significant increased blood total antioxidant activity (1.54-times higher, p<0,001) and a slight decreased superoxide dismutase activity (p<0,01) comparing to control group. Conclusion Changes in the system of POL-AOD in Mongoloid-patients are characterized by low intensity, which is probably due to the increased activity of the antioxidant defense system. These data are confirmed by clinical course of type 1 diabetes mellitus with a rare development of complications in Mongoloids of Eastern Siberia compared to average performance in all population and figures of European one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background It has been shown that people with signs of dominance of the right hemisphere exhibit high degree of adaptation to the factors met in the course of evolution. However, in the information stress conditions greater stability for stress test exhibit patients with functional activity of the left hemisphere, which mostly explaining by localization and functional activity of certain brain structures. The aim of this study was to: examine the state of lipid peroxidation-antioxidant defense (LPO-AOD) in children with different types of inter-hemispheric asymmetry. Methods Following groups of children formed: with a predominance of the functional activity of the left hemisphere (n=45) and with a predominance of the functional activity of the right hemisphere (n=33). All children were practically healthy (had no chronic and mental illness), intellectually save and enrolled in the same curriculum. Psychophysiological, neurophysiological, spectrophoto- and fluorometric, statistical methods used. Results Significantly higher values of one of the indicator of lipid peroxidation primary products - diene conjugates (DC) (1.54±0.09 μmol/l) revealed in children with a predominance of functional activity of the left hemisphere in comparison with children with right hemisphere (0.80±0.05 μmol/l) (p<0.05) predominance. The concentration of the final intermediates of lipid peroxidation and main antioxidants levels had no significant differences in groups investigated (p>0.05). The correlation analysis showed the presence of significant relationships between system components LPO-AOD in group of healthy children with left hemisphere predominance: DC-α-tocopherol (r=0.71), DC-superoxide dismutase activity (r=0.91), DC-retinol (r=0.91). In the group of children with a predominance of the right hemisphere no significant correlations were observed. Conclusion In children with a predominance of functional activity of the left hemisphere in comparison with children with right hemisphere increased activity of lipid peroxidation is accompanied by corresponding activation of antioxidant components that may causes greater stability of metabolic processes. This factor must be taken in receiving antioxidant drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parameters of oxidative stress are used to predict complications and course of diabetes mellitus. The aim is to study the level of advanced glycation end products and glutathione status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and macroangiopathy of the lower limbs. 40 men with T2DM and macroangiopathy of the lower limbs, 20 men with T2DM without complications and 30 healthy men (control group) were involved in the study. Methods of high-performance liquid chromatography were used. The development of macroangiopathy of the lower limbs in patients with T2DM is accompanied by an intensification of carbonyl stress (an increase glyoxal (by 11 time; p<0.001) and methylglyoxal levels (by 13 times; p<0.0001)) and decrease of glutathione status activity (low values of reduced forms of cysteine and glutathione, with an excess of oxidized glutathione fractions. The level of advanced glycation end products and glutathione status components may be the criteria for the development of vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and macroangiopathy of the lower limbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menopause is a risk factor for oxidative stress. The aim of our study is to assess antioxidant system parameters (α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant activity) in peri- and postmenopausal women. The antioxidant defense activity by estimation of total antioxidant activity, α-tocopherol, retinol, oxidized and reduced glutathione levels was studied in women of reproductive age ( n = 37), in perimenopausal ( n = 41) and postmenopausal women ( n = 41). In our study we used spectrofluorofotometer methods. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric tests with p < 0.05 as the level of significance. The results of our study showed the decrease of α-tocopherol and retinol concentrations and the increase of oxidized glutathione level in blood serum both in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, the total antioxidant activity of blood serum was decreased in postmenopausal women only. The results of our study demonstrate that decrease of antioxidant defense system resources depends on the menopausal phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]