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The emerging problem of nickel allergy is increasingly widespread due to the increase in nickel content in everyday foods. The physicochemical structure of the zeolites makes it possible to adsorb nickel ions in solution. The properties of molecular sieves, together with those of a size and a chemical composition compatible with the human gastrointestinal tract, are present in a particular zeolite called clinoptilolite. In this work, a type of natural clinoptilolite was characterized before and after being subjected to two different conditioning processes with NaCl to increase its adsorption efficiency and specificity against nickel. The three forms of clinoptilolite, natural, conditioned, and biconditioned, were compared based on analysis of absolute density, X-ray diffraction pattern, granulometry, porosity, chemical composition, and grain morphology. Finally, nickel ion removal tests were performed in an aqueous solution that simulates the conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The Ni2+ removal efficiency of natural clinoptilolite is 73.2%, while after conditioning it reaches 96.6%. Double conditioning with Na does not generate a considerable increase in removal efficiency which remains at 96.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ESA Solar Orbiter was launched from Cape Canaveral in collaboration with NASA on the February 10, 2020 to start its journey around the Sun, with the commissioning phase ending in April 2020. After commissioning, ESA set a tighter pointing requirement goal to further improve the performance in Fine Pointing Mode, in preparation of the upcoming start of Science Phase. The first part of this paper outlines the end-to-end process which allowed - in just six months – to update the Fine Pointing Mode Design, re-tune the controller with refined assumptions taken from flight data and robust methods and execute full validation of the new AOCS Software on the Avionics Test bench at Airbus Defence and Space. The second part of the paper describes the upload in flight of the new Software and the analysis of the on-orbit pointing performance, which showed a significant improvement with respect to the previous one, thus contributing to the success of the Mission's scientific goals. • Solar Orbiter Payload Instruments required a better pointing jitter performance (Relative Pointing Error) after launch • Root cause analysis on flight telemetry to identify driver contributors to pointing error • Fine Pointing Mode controller design and tuning updated with refined inputs based on flight data and with robust control methods • Controller uploaded in flight significantly improved the Spacecraft pointing performance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin time integration scheme for second-order (in time) differential systems that typically arise from the space discretization of the elastodynamics equation. By rewriting the original equation as a system of first-order differential equations we introduce the method and show that the resulting discrete formulation is well-posed, stable, and retains a super-optimal rate of convergence with respect to the discretization parameters, namely the time step and the polynomial approximation degree. A set of two- and three-dimensional numerical experiments confirm the theoretical bounds. Finally, the method is applied to real geophysical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated whether intense neoadjuvant therapy could increase the risk of complications in radical prostatectomy. After analyzing 124 patients we concluded that intense neoadjuvant therapy doesn't increase morbidity of radical prostatectomy and reduces positive surgical margins. The association of neoadjuvant therapy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy may increase the risk of perioperative thromboembolic events. Introduction: Recent studies about intense neoadjuvant therapy followed by Radical Prostatectomy (RP) lack standardized cr iter ia regarding surgical complications and comparison to a group of patients who underwent RP without the use of neoadjuvant therapy. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the perioperative complication rates. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, single-center phase II trial in patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa). The control group included HRPCa patients who underwent RP outside the clinical trial during the same study recruitment period. The interventional group was randomized (1:1) to receive neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy plus abiraterone with or without apalutamide followed by RP. Complications observed up to 30 days of surgery were classified based on the Clavien-Dindo classification. Uni- and multivariate analyses were carried out to assess predictive factors associated with perioperative complications. Results: In total, 124 patients with HRPCa were underwent to RP between May 27, 2019 and August 6, 2021, including 61 patients in the intervention group and 63 patients in the control group. The general and major complications in the intervention group reached 29.6% and 6.6%, respectively, and 39.7% and 7.9% in the control group, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups. We observed 4.9% of thromboembolic event in the neoadjuvant group. Conclusions: There was no significant increase in morbidity rate in RP after intense neoadjuvant therapy. The association of intense androgen deprivation neoadjuvant therapy with RP and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy may increase the risk of a perioperative thromboembolic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benign liver lesions are increasingly diagnosed in daily clinical practice due to the growing use of imaging techniques for the study of the abdomen in patients who have non-specific symptoms and do not have an increased risk of hepatic malignancy. They include simple or parasitic hepatic cysts and solid benign tumors which differ widely in terms of prevalence, clinical relevance, symptoms and natural history and often lead to significant clinical problems relating to diagnosis and clinical management. Following the need to have updated guidelines on the management of benign focal liver lesions, the Scientific Societies mainly involved in their management have promoted the drafting of a new dedicated document. This document was drawn up according to the present Italian rules and methodologies necessary to produce clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic guidelines based on evidence. Here we present the second part of the guideline, concerning the diagnosis and clinical management of hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatocellular adenoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) undergoing radical nephrectomy. Material and Methods: We retrospectively identified 880 nephrectomies performed between January 2009 and December 2016 in a single center, reviewed data from 478 radical nephrectomies for kidney tumors and identified 187 patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic ccRCC (pT3-T4 N0M0). NLR was obtained preoperatively and calculated by dividing absolute neutrophil count by absolute lymphocyte count. OS and RFS were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to evaluate predictors of RFS and OS. Results: Among 187 patients with ccRCC (mean age 63.4 ± 11.5 years; 118 [63.1%] male), the median follow-up was 48.7 months. On univariate analysis, in patients with Fuhrman nuclear grade of differentiation 3-4, the median time to recurrence was significantly shorter with NLR = 4 than < 4 (24 vs. 55 months, P = .045). On multivariable analysis adjusted for NLR = 4, among all variables analyzed (NLR, microvascular invasion, sarcomatoid differentiation, tumor size and body mass index), only nuclear grade of differentiation was an independent predictor of recurrence (hazard ratio 2.18; 95% confidence interval 1.07-4.92, P = .03). The 3-year OS had no statistically significant difference between patients with NLR = 4 or < 4. Conclusion: For patients with locally advanced, nonmetastatic ccRCC, RFS was reduced with high nuclear grade of differentiation and high preoperative NLR. These findings suggest an association between higher NLR and worse outcomes in locally advanced ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cardiovascular and thromboembolic adverse events of intense neoadjuvant hormone therapy are underreported in clinical trials. • We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the incidence of cardiovascular and thromboembolic events among patients with localized prostate cancer receiving neoadjuvant ARSIs prior to prostatectomy in prospective trials. • Our results corroborate the pre-clinical hypothesis of an increased risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic adverse events associated with neoadjuvant hormone therapy following radical prostatectomy. • Relevant incidence of high-grade hypertension adverse events was observed, with significant increase in the proportion of events with the combination therapy. Several phase II trials have investigated neoadjuvant novel androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) in prostate cancer (PC) patients. However, data regarding complications of intense hormone therapy and surgical complications are scarce. Our objective was to evaluate the occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) and thromboembolic (TE) adverse events (AE) in patients with localized PC who have received intense neoadjuvant ADT followed by prostatectomy. A comprehensive search in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and conference abstracts was performed. The strategies were developed and applied for each electronic database on March 7th, 2023. Eligible studies included randomized and single-arm trials testing ARSIs prior to prostatectomy that adequately reported safety data regarding CV and TE AE, peri-operative complications, and mortality during therapy. Pooled incidence (PI) of AE with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was estimated using a random effects model. Quality assessment and reporting followed Cochrane Collaboration Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. PROSPERO: CRD42022344104. Nine randomized controlled trials and three single-arm phase II trials were included, comprising 702 patients (702 patients for CV AE and 522 for perioperative complications). The neoadjuvant regimen was classified as monotherapy with ARSI (100 patients), combination therapy with ADT + ARSI (383 patients), or ADT + ARSI + ARSI (219 patients). The PI of TE within the perioperative interval was 4.2% (95% CI = 2.6%-6.6%, I2 = 0.0%, P =.65), and the PI for CV AE was 4.6% (95% CI = 3.1%-6.7%, I2 = 0.0%, P =.71). Seven deaths were reported, resulting in a PI of 2.2% (95% CI = 1.3%-3.8%, I2 = 0.0%, P =.99), of which two were considered treatment-related and occurred within the perioperative period. The PI of hypertension grade 3-5 was 7.3% (95% CI = 4.8%-11.0%, I2 = 38.8%, P =.04). CV and TE AE associated with intense neoadjuvant hormone therapy in patients with localized PC can occur in up to 4.6% of cases. Our data warns for further assessment of thrombotic risk and prophylactic anticoagulation in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Integration tools are needed to decipher what happens in a complex food ecosystem. • An extensive culture based methodology is necessary to maintain microbial resources. • Meta-omic approaches enable the study of the autochthonous milk/dairy microbiome. • Deciphering the microbiome may guide the right production process and ensure quality. A detailed understanding of the microbiome of cheese and dairy products is key to the optimization of flavour, appearance, overall quality and safety. Microorganisms (including bacteria, yeasts, moulds and viruses, especially bacteriophages) from the environment can enter the dairy supply chain at multiple stages with several implications. The ability to track these microorganisms and to understand their function and interaction can be greatly enhanced by the use of high-throughput sequencing. Depending on the specific production technology, dairy products can harbor several strains and antibiotic-resistance genes that can potentially interact with the gut microbiome, once the product is ingested. Milk-associated or cheese-associated microbial communities with their interaction, function and diversity are a key factor for the dairy industry. Multi-omics approaches have been seldom utilized in literature and they need to be further considered. Studying the role, origin, diversity and function of the microbial species involved in the complex system of dairy production can help improve processes in several fields of application. Integrating an extensive sampling procedure with an extensive culture based methodology is necessary. To this end, local producers, and in general stakeholders, should be guided to discover and maintain their microbial diversity. A better management of microbial resources through precision fermentation processes will in turn reduce overall food losses and increase the possibility to use the microbiome in order to increase the local producers' income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The effects of aging on the adrenal gland of Mongolian gerbil have been described. • Aging causes hypertrophy in the fasciculata and reticularis zones of the adrenal. • Aging causes an accumulation of lipofuscin granules in the adrenal cortex. • An experimental model for endocrinology studies has been described. The adrenal gland produces steroid hormones that act in the homeostasis of organisms. During aging, alterations in the hormonal balance affect the adrenal glands, but these have not yet been fully described due to the lack of adequate animal models. The adrenal gland of the Mongolian gerbil has a morphology similar to the primate's adrenal gland, which makes it a possible animal model for endocrine studies. Therefore, the current study aimed to study the morphophysiology of the adrenal gland under the effect of aging. For this purpose, males Meriones unguiculatus , aged three, six, nine, twelve, and fifteen months were used. Morphometric, immunohistochemical, and hormonal analyses were performed. It was observed that during aging the adrenal gland presents hypertrophy of the fasciculata and reticularis zones. Lipofuscin accumulation was observed during aging, in addition to changes in proliferation, cell death, and cell receptors. The analyses also showed that the gerbil presents steroidogenic enzymes and the production of steroid hormones, such as DHEA, like that found in humans. The data provide the first comprehensive assessment of the morphophysiology of the Mongolian gerbil adrenal cortex during aging, indicating that this species is a possible experimental model for studies of the adrenal gland and aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Traditional Polish cold-smoked raw sausages were studied. • Lactobacilli, enterococci, and coagulase-negative cocci were detected. • Latilactobacillus sakei was detected as dominant species. • Among VOCs, terpenoids, phenols, furans, ketones, and acids were the most abundant. The aim of the present study was to obtain information on the bacterial diversity of traditional Polish cold-smoked raw sausages (Kiełbasa polska wędzona) manufactured by two artisanal producers using different selective growth media and a metataxonomic analysis. Physico-chemical and morpho-textural characteristics were also carried out, together with Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPMEGC/MS) to study the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results overall obtained allowed a picture of the microbiota, the morpho-textural characteristics, and the volatilome of traditional Polish cold-smoked raw sausages (Kiełbasa polska wędzona) to be drawn for the first time. In more detail, viable counting revealed active populations of presumptive lactobacilli, enterococci, coagulase-negative cocci, and a few spoilage microorganisms typically occurring in raw meat products. The metataxonomic analysis revealed the dominance of Latilactobacillus sakei occurring with a relative frequency between 77% and 89%. Pediococcus pentosaceus , Weissella hellenica , and Leuconostoc carnosum were detected among the minority taxa. In the sausages herein studied, no histamine levels of concern were detected. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed on the Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) did not show significant differences in the microbiota composition among producers. The HS-SPMEGC/MS analysis allowed the detection and identification of more than 90 volatile components belonging to ten main classes, namely: aldehydes, ketones, esters and acetates, acids, alcohols, phenols, furans, sulphur compounds, terpenoids, and benzene derivatives. The detected VOCs originated from spices, smoke, and microbial metabolism. The PCA of volatile compounds allowed differences between the sausage samples of the two producers to be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used to investigate the microbiota of Robiola di Roccaverano production, an artisanal Protected Designation of Origin soft cheese made with raw goat milk by addition of a natural milk starter (NMS), from the Piedmont region of Italy. Different steps of production of Robiola di Roccaverano cheese at one artisanal dairy were monitored. Matched samples of milk, NMS, curd, and 5-d and 15-d matured cheeses were collected at different periods of the year. The DNA sequences obtained by HTS belonged to 5 phyla: Proteobacteria , Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , Actinobacteria , and Tenericutes. In milk, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were mainly found, and several operational taxonomic units (OTU) belonging to contaminant bacteria such as Pseudomonas , Serratia , and Staphylococcus were observed. However, in NMS, curd, and 5- and 15-d cheeses, Firmicutes were principally observed where OTU of Lactococcus lactis were predominant, followed by Leuconostoc mesenteroides OTU. The results of the analysis showed high bacterial diversity in milk samples compared with NMS, curd, and 5- and 15-d cheeses, suggesting strong action of NMS in driving the characteristics of the final products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Synbiotic foods, which combine the action of prebiotics and probiotics along the gastrointestinal tract, can affect inflammatory and glucose-related markers.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on inflammatory and glycemia-related markers of a whole-grain pasta containing barley β-glucans and Bacillus coagulans BC30, 6086 in healthy overweight or obese volunteers.Methods: A single-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled dietary intervention study was carried out. Forty-one healthy sedentary overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25-29.9 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥30) volunteers, aged 30-65 y and low consumers of fruit and vegetables, ate 1 serving/d of whole-grain control (CTR) or innovative (INN) pasta for 12 wk and maintained their habitual diets. Biological samples were collected at baseline and every 4 wk for primary (plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] and fasting plasma lipid profile) and secondary outcomes (glycemia-related markers, blood pressure, fecal microbiota composition, and body weight). Between (CTR compared with INN) and within (among weeks) group differences were tested for the whole population and for subgroups stratified by baseline values of BMI (≥30) and glycemia (≥100 mg/dL).Results: INN or CTR pasta consumption had no effect on primary and secondary outcomes over time, except for a significant increase in plasma γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) after 12 wk of CTR pasta consumption. Comparisons between intervention groups revealed differences only at 12 wk: plasma GGT was higher in the CTR group; plasma hs-CRP, plasma LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio, and Bifidobacterium spp. were lower in the INN subgroup of obese volunteers; plasma resistin was lower and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance was higher in the INN subgroup of hyperglycemic volunteers.Conclusions: A daily serving of a synbiotic whole-grain pasta had limited effects on primary and secondary outcomes in the entire group of volunteers but affected glycemia- and lipid-related markers and resistin in a subgroup of healthy obese or hyperglycemic volunteers. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02236533. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]