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Although the generation of hydrogen by electrolysis of water is cheapest from all other available sources but splitting of water still takes place with sluggish kinetics and is a challenging barrier for H 2 production on large scale. Moreover, research work is still in progress to understand the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and design the catalysts with improved OER performance. Herein, we report synthesis, characterization, and OER performance of copper oxide/copper sulfide (CuO/CuS) heterostructures and its individual components copper oxide (CuO) and copper sulfide (CuS) as low-cost catalysts for water oxidation. CuO/CuS has been demonstrated to be a stable and effective catalyst that initiates the OER at a potential of 1.49 V. (vs. RHE). The CuO/CuS catalyst drives the OER at only 270 mV overpotential and Tafel slope of 67 mV dec−1 with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. CuO/CuS heterostructures outperforms OER performance of previously reported Cu-based catalysts. Long-term stability and performance toward OER are demonstrated by the oxygen evolution at an applied potential of 1.65 V (vs. RHE) over an extended period. This feature brings a favourable, non-noble, highly efficient, and robust OER catalyst. [Display omitted] • Cuo/CuS heterostructures catalyst synthesized for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). • It exhibits enhanced OER performance with overpotential of 270 mV@10 mAcm−2. • Pre-oxidation of water generate active Cu3+ centers which boost OER performance. • Heterostructures provide large surface area which is responsible for enhanced OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-standing Co decorated Cu 2 O/CuS-based porous electrocatalyst was prepared with the help of simple electrodeposition and hydrothermal method. The structural characterizations of fabricated samples were performed with X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, while the morphology of catalysts was studied with the help of Field-Emission Spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the hydrogen evolution reaction was checked in a basic electrolyte. The gradual increment in the electrochemical performance of Cu 2 O was observed when it underwent sulfurization without and with Co precursor respectively. The best electrochemical performance for hydrogen evolution reaction with an overpotential of 150.29 mV to achieve a geometric current density of 10 mA/cm2 was observed for the Cu 2 O sample sulfurized with Co precursor. The results of different characterizations suggested that the improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to the increased intrinsic activity and surface porosity of the electrocatalyst after sulfurization. [Display omitted] • Simple electrodeposition and hydrothermal methods were employed for electrode preparation. • The sulfurization of Cu 2 O results in exotic rose flower-like porous CuS structures. • HER activity of CuS improved significantly with Co surface modification. • The best HER performance was observed with 150.29 mV overpotential for 10 mA/cm2 current density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a near-infrared (NIR) light-activated drug delivery system designed to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy and bone integration of titanium-based implants. The system utilizes epoxy-modified TiO 2 nanotubes and CuS nanoparticles that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under 808 nm NIR light to enable controlled drug release. This innovative approach addresses the challenges of bacterial infection and fixation loosening and offers a significant improvement in implant performance. [Display omitted] • Enhanced antimicrobial efficacy and bone integration with NIR light-activated system. • Controlled drug release from CuS-modified TiO 2 nanotubes under 808 nm illumination. • Markedly improved antibacterial action and sustained release mechanism. Two primary obstacles impede the longevity of implants: bacterial infection and fixation loosening. This research introduces an innovative near-infrared (NIR) light-activated drug delivery system tailored to enhance the antimicrobial efficacy and bone integration of titanium-based implants. Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays (TNTs) were modified with epoxy for covalent bonding of therapeutic agents, and copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) were added for regulated drug release. Alendronate sodium (ALN), an osteoporosis medication, was successfully bonded to the nanotubes. In vitro experiments showed that the release rate of ALN from TNTs-ALN reached 94 % within 36 h. In contrast, minimal release was observed in TNTs-ECH-ALN-CuS, which effectively addresses the prevalent issue of abrupt drug discharge typical in conventional delivery systems. In the context of NIR light exposure, the TNTs-ECH-ALN-CuS exhibited a notable ALN release efficacy of 48 %, demonstrating effective control over drug delivery. Additionally, the generation of ROS, coupled with temperature elevation under NIR exposure, endowed the modified TNTs with exceptional antibacterial efficacy, exceeding 99 % inhibition against E.coli and S.aureus. We observed a pronounced enhancement in the drug delivery mechanism, characterized by a reduction in the initial burst release and a sustained, controlled release, coupled with robust antibacterial action and notable biological performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the development of micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with hollow CuS NPs (p-CuS@PDMS) designed for both anti-adhesive and photothermal sterilization applications. Hollow CuS nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized via the Kirkendall effect were incorporated into PDMS films to enhance the photothermal conversion. Micropatterning, achieved through a yogurt lid templating method, increased surface roughness and hydrophobicity and significantly reduced bacterial adhesion. The improved anti-adhesive properties were demonstrated by water contact angle measurements, which showed an increase of 24° from 103° to 127° for the micropatterned p-CuS@PDMS films. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the p-CuS@PDMS films achieved a temperature increase of 91 °C with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 73 %, which is much higher than the 61 °C achieved by plain PDMS. The presence of CuS NPs in the PDMS matrix improved the bacterial inactivation rates, with p-CuS@PDMS achieving a 99 % bacterial kill rate after 90 s of irradiation. Although the anti-adhesive properties were influenced more by micropatterning, the combination of CuS and micropatterning provided a synergistic effect. These results demonstrate the potential of p-CuS@PDMS films for applications in healthcare and packaging, where effective sterilization and bacterial resistance are critical. [Display omitted] • Micropatterned PDMS films with hollow CuS NPs (p-CuS@PDMS) were designed. • The films showed improved the bacterial inactivation rates under NIR irradiation. • Synergistic effect of CuS NPs and micropatterning improved anti-adhesive properties. • The films are suitable for anti-adhesive and photothermal sterilization applications. • p-CuS@PDMS films have potential applications in healthcare and packaging industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive consumption of fossil fuels leads to a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2) being released into the atmosphere, destroying the natural balance of the carbon cycle system, causing the greenhouse effect, and aggravating global climate change. Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction (E-CO 2 R) to produce value-added chemicals and synthetic fuels can not only solve the excessive emission of CO 2 but also realize the regeneration of carbon fuel. Given the unclear relationship between morphology and performance of copper-based catalysts for E-CO 2 R. The morphology of CuS nanomaterials prepared under different sulfur sources is different, which affects the performance of E-CO 2 R. In this study, a series of CuS nano-catalysts with multiple morphologies were prepared by using different sulfur precursors and surfactants based on morphology and structure regulation strategies, and E-CO 2 R performance tests were conducted to determine the structure-activity relationship between morphology and formate selectivity. Flower spherical morphology exhibited better Faraday efficiency for formate, followed by nanoparticles and finally nanospheres. After the surfactant was added, the morphology of CuS changed differently, such as adjusting the particle size of nano-flowers, alleviating the agglomeration of nano-particles, and forming hollow nano-spheres or composite morphology. These changes increased the electrochemical surface area and improved the performance of the electrocatalytic preparation of formate from CO 2 R. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to explain the reaction mechanism of E-CO 2 R to formate on different Cu surfaces, and the linear relationship between the work function corrected by sulfur content on each surface and the binding energy of *CO 2 was quantified. Bader charge analysis demonstrated that the stability of *OCHO was related to the algebraic sum of S and intermediate charges on each surface, and the formation energy of CO product intermediate *COOH was linear with that of HCOOH product intermediate *OCHO. [Display omitted] • Morphology-controlled CuS catalyst for selective electrochemical CO 2 reduction of formate. • The Faraday efficiency of formate formation reached 79.7 % at －1 V vs RHE. • DFT reveals the mechanism of S doping on Cu surface for electroreduction of CO 2 conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exposing of active crystal facets plays a crucial role in tailoring the electrochemical properties of nanocrystals. Herein, CuS hexagonal nanoplates with exposed (110) planes (CuS-P) were synthesized via a microwave-assisted homogeneous precipitation route. Structural characterization, including XRD and TEM, revealed that the CuS nanoplates were (110) facet exposed and that their morphologies could be mediated through polyvinylpyrrolidone coordination. These CuS-P nanoplates possessed excellent electrochemical properties and demonstrated good catalytic activity in the electro-oxidation of glucose. The (110) crystal facets on CuS improve the adsorption and activation of glucose, accelerating the electrochemical reaction. A novel nonenzymatic glucose sensor was fabricated by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with CuS-P nanoplates. The sensor exhibited an ultrafast response rate (< 0.1 s), a low detection limit of 0.38 µM and a wide linear range of 10 µM ∼ 15.0 mM. In addition, the developed method showed good anti-interference capability and outstanding stability. When the nonenzymatic sensor was adopted to detect glucose in human serum, the recoveries ranged from 98.8 % to 101.4 %, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 2.0 %, indicating its practical use. This study offers an in-depth understanding of the crystal facet effect in the construction of high-performance electrochemical sensors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow site and Cu top site emerged as the primary adsorption sites, with the initial relative positions of I 2 molecules relative to the surface influencing adsorption effectiveness. [Display omitted] • Efficient iodine removal: This study targets radioactive gaseous iodine from spent nuclear fuel. • Strong adsorption: CuS surfaces show excellent adsorption capabilities for iodine molecules. • Defect impact: Surface defects significantly enhance I 2 binding compared to pristine CuS. • Mechanism differences: Cu and S vacancy defects exhibit distinct effects on I 2 adsorption mechanisms. The present work investigated the adsorption of gaseous iodine molecules (I 2) on stable CuS surface, which has demonstrated excellent performance as an adsorbent for I 2 removal, with first-principles density functional theory (DFT). In this work, a pair of asymmetric surfaces (marked as slab1 and slab2) formed by breaking the weakest bond along (0 0 1) direction are chosen to present CuS surfaces. The findings indicate that the adsorption of I 2 molecules on the pristine CuS(0 0 1) surface is relatively weak, while surface defects significantly enhance the binding strength of I 2. In particular, S-vacancy CuS(0 0 1) surfaces exhibit considerably higher adsorption energy for I 2 compared to Cu-vacancy surfaces. We found that the hollow and Cu-top sites are typically the dominant adsorption sites, and the initial orientation of I 2 relative to the surface also influences the adsorption performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance for ushering in the hydrogen energy age to synthesize super active non-noble-metal electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst. Herein, we reported a P-doped low-cost and facile synthesized P-CuS as an electrocatalyst synthesized by a solvothermal strategy. Obtained more active sites offered the catalytic space that significantly lowered barriers to response, which results in the electrocatalyst exhibiting excellent catalytic activity. The overpotential of P-CuS-1 for optimal electrochemical performance was 280 mV @ 10 mA cm−2 and the Tafel slope was 138.24 mv dec−1. Additionally, the double-layer capacitance of the sample was calculated to be 17.77 mF cm−2, which increased by 15.21 mF cm−2 over the pre-doped CuS, along with good cycling stability upon 22 h. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that P-doping enhances OER activity by optimising the adsorption free energy of oxygenated intermediates. It indicated that P-doped CuS electrocatalyst can improve the OER electrochemical performance significantly compared to CuS. This study provides an effective way to tune the electronic structure of CuS using P-doping. • Pure CuS and P-CuS OER catalysts were synthesised by one-pot method under laboratory conditions. • By electrochemical testing, the overpotential of P-CuS-1 is as low as 280mV@10mA cm-2. • It demonstrates that P-doping can enhance the catalytic activity of OER-inert copper sulfide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CuS NPs were hybridized with NM125 via an amino group-assisted coordination, forming a Z-scheme heterojunction. • The interfacial Cu–N dative bond enabled rapid photogenerated electron transfer, leading to spatial charge separation. • NM125 served as an electron donor in NM125@CuS(x) , inhibiting the hole-induced photocorrosion of CuS. • NM125@CuS(x) hybrids were highly efficient and stable in natural sunlight-driven synthesis of benzimidazoles in ambient air. • A wide range of benzimidazoles were obtained in almost quantitative yields (90–98%) under natural sunlight. Natural sunlight-driven photocatalysis has been considered as an energy sustainable strategy for the synthesis of fine chemicals, since natural sunlight is inexhaustible. Copper sulfide (CuS) with broad light absorption holds great promise for natural sunlight utilization, while hole-induced photocorrosion seriously hampers its photoactivity and photostability. Herein, we inhibited the photocorrosion by hybridizing CuS with amino-functionalized metal–organic framework of NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) (NM125) to fabricate a Z-scheme heterojunction. Taking advantage of high binding affinity of amino group and copper ion, CuS nanoparticles (NPs) were in situ anchored on NM125 surface via amino group-assisted coordination. Characterization results suggested the diffusion-controlled charge migration in NM125@CuS(x) hybrids, where photoinduced electrons in conduction band (CB) of NM125 transferred to valence band (VB) of CuS, and then combined here. The Z-scheme charge transport could timely consume the photogenerated holes of CuS, and spatially separated the charge carriers. As a result, the obtained NM125@CuS(x) catalysts were highly efficient and stable in natural sunlight-driven Phillips-Ladenburg reaction in air, providing serial benzimidazoles with excellent yields (90–98%). Such natural sunlight-driven photocatalysis system efficiently utilized natural sunlight to synthesize high-value fine chemicals in open air at mild conditions, which opens up a sustainable avenue for the green development of fine chemical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction is an excellent method for the resource utilization of CO 2. However, challenges such as inferior product yields and poor selectivity still exist. In this investigation, a novel composite catalyst of S-type heterojunction Ga 2 S 3 /CuS was formulated and synthesized using a facile two-step hydrothermal method. The CH 4 product yield of 30 wt% Ga 2 S 3 /CuS reached 18.8 μmol·g−1·h−1. The reaction pathways were investigated through in-situ DRIFTS and DFT calculations, revealing the internal built-in electric field at the S-type heterojunction induces migration of the Cu atomic d -band center towards the Fermi energy level. The elevation of the Cu d orbital energy levels enables electron contributions from the d xz orbital to facilitate the formation of π* bonds with CO 2 , thereby promoting the adsorption of both CO 2 and intermediate species to produce CH 4. This study emphasizes the influence of the intrinsic electric field at the interface on product yield and selectivity. [Display omitted] • Under visible light irradiation, Ga 2 S 3 /CuS achieves effective photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 to CH 4. • The unique electron transfer pathway of the S-type heterojunction synergistically participates in CO 2 activation. • The selective enhancement of CH 4 generation by Ga 2 S 3 /CuS was explained using crystal field theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the utilization of copper sulfide (CuS) based nanomaterials functionalized with rhodium (Rh) and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles for gas sensing and energy generation applications. CuS nanoparticles, known for their unique properties, were combined with Rh and Pd nanoparticles to enhance hydrogen (H 2) gas sensing capabilities. Gas sensing experiments revealed that CuS/Rh/Pd nanocomposites exhibited the highest sensing response of 58.33 % to H 2 , indicating the significant improvement in gas sensing properties due to the combined presence of Rh and Pd nanoparticles in CuS matrices. Moreover, temperature-dependent responses provided insights into optimal operating conditions for effective gas sensing with CuS-based nanocomposites. Comprehensive characterization studies including XPS, Raman, and morphology analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of CuS/Rh/Pd nanomaterials with high purity and desirable structural properties. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) performance studies demonstrated that CuS/Rh/Pd nanocomposites enhanced the efficiency by minimizing light over-absorption and improving photoanode stability. Overall, this study highlighted the potential of metal nanoparticle-decorated CuS nanocomposites for advanced gas sensing and energy generation applications, paving the way for the development of highly sensitive and efficient gas sensors and solar energy conversion technologies. • Enhanced H 2 sensing with CuS/Rh/Pd nanocomposites. • Temperature-dependent optimization for effective gas sensing. • High purity confirmed by XPS, Raman, and morphology analysis. • Improved DSSC efficiency through better light absorption and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunlight-driven interfacial evaporation has been considered an effective solution to address water scarcity and seawater desalination with minimal environmental impact. We designed a sunlight-driven interfacial evaporation device using the porous melamine foam (MF) as the carrier to stabilize the loading of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) derived CuS nanosheets. The MOFs-derived CuS nanosheets (M-CuS) have a full-spectrum solar light absorption rate of 95 % and the porous channels existing inside M-CuS effectively improve the light capturing ability and contribute to the rapid thermal response of M-CuS. The M-CuS was loaded on the MF through the adhesion of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to obtain an integrated M-CuS/MF aerogel with a stable structure. PVA further improves the hydrophilicity of MF and ensures a continuous supply of water to M-CuS/MF during the evaporation process. The unique porous structure of M-CuS/MF further promotes the absorption of sunlight, and the low thermal conductivity of MF (0.036 Wm−1K−1) could reduce the radiative and convective heat loss from the material to the surrounding environment. The evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency of CuS/MF are 1.46 kg m−2h−1 and 86 % under one sunlight, respectively. The continuous seawater evaporation cycle experiments (15 times) show that the device can maintain a stable evaporation rate. The excellent salt blocking performance of M-CuS/MF suggest the promising long-term stable desalination applications. [Display omitted] • Interfacial evaporation device consists of MF and M-CuS nanosheets. • M-CuS nanosheets exhibit a full-spectrum solar light absorption rate of 95 %. • The evaporation rate of M-CuS/MF is 1.46 kg m−2h−1 under one sunlight. • The low thermal conductivity of MF reduces the heat loss. • M-CuS/MF suggest the promising long-term stable desalination applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a significant threat to human health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have proven to be an effective strategy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, given their capacity to swiftly disrupt microorganism membranes and alter cell morphology. A common limitation, however, lies in the inherent toxicity of many AMPs and their vulnerability to protease degradation within the body. Photothermal therapy (PTT) stands out as a widely utilized approach in combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, boasting high efficiency and non-invasive benefits. To enhance the stability and antibacterial efficacy of AMPs, a novel approach involving the combination of AMPs and PTT has been proposed. This study focuses on the encapsulation of At10 (an AMP designed by our group), and copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) within zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) to form nanocomposites (At10/CuS@ZIF-8). The encapsulated CuS NPs exhibit notable photothermal properties upon exposure to near-infrared radiation. This induces the cleavage of ZIF-8, facilitating the release of At10, which effectively targets bacterial membranes to exert its antibacterial effects. Bacteria treated with At10/CuS@ZIF-8 under light radiation exhibited not only membrane folding and intracellular matrix outflow but also bacterial fracture. This synergistic antibacterial strategy, integrating the unique properties of AMPs, CuS NPs, and pH responsiveness of ZIF-8, holds promising potential for widespread application in the treatment of bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing inexhaustible solar energy for water purification represents a green and sustainable solution to water scarcity. However, the developments of efficient, inexpensive, convenient and reliable photothermal materials remain a major challenge. Herein, a facile and versatile preparation strategy of sodium alginate (SA)-CuS composite coating with superior adhesion and stability has been proposed toward high-efficiency solar-driven interfacial evaporation. The fabrication process can be quickly completed in aqueous solution with cheap reagents. The SA-CuS coating can be firmly adhered on different substrates, which can withstand rinsing treatment, iterative freeze-thaw cycles as well as high and low pH environments. The SA-CuS coating can convert various substrates into photothermal materials with broad light absorption for desirable solar evaporation because of high CuS loading and rough surface. As a proof of concept, a wood evaporator covered with the SA-CuS coating can achieve a water evaporation rate of ∼2.2 kg m−2 h- 1 under one sun illumination, which is superior to most reported wood-based solar evaporators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing hydrogel dressing with intrinsic antibacterial property to promote skin injury recovery remains a significant challenge. In this research, poly(aspartic hydrazide) with grafted betaine (PAHB) was designed and reacted with oxidized dextran (OD) to fabricate biodegradable PAHB/OD hydrogel and its application as wound dressing was systematically investigated. The PAHB/OD hydrogels exhibited fast gelation, strong tissue adhesion, preferable mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The grafted betaine endowed the hydrogel with antibacterial property and antibacterial rate enhanced through photothermal performance of composited CuS nanoparticles under near infrared (NIR) radiation. The CuS composited PAHB/OD hydrogel (CuS/hydrogel) with microporous morphology was used as burn wound dressing with loaded anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium (DS) in mouse model. The results showed the DS loaded CuS/hydrogel (CuS@DS/hydrogel) promoted the tissue regeneration and suppressed the inflammatory response. The histological analysis and immunohistochemical expression confirmed the CuS@DS/hydrogel promote angiogenesis of the burn wound by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and CD68) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Overall, the CuS@DS/hydrogel hydrogel is a promising candidate as wound dressing due to its tissue adhesive, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs), as one of the most promising candidates for efficient energy storage devices with high energy, power density and high safety, have attracted increasing attention. However, searching for suitable cathode materials with fast diffusion kinetics and exploring their magnesium storage mechanisms remains a great challenge. CuS submicron spheres, made by a facile low-temperature synthesis strategy, were applied as the high-performance cathode for RMBs in this work, which can deliver a high specific capacity of 396 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and a remarkable rate capacity of 250 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1. The excellent rate performance can be assigned to the nano needle-like particles on the surface of CuS submicron spheres, which can facilitate the diffusion kinetics of Mg2+. Further storage mechanism investigations illustrate that the CuS cathodes experience a two-step conversion reaction controlled by diffusion during the electrochemical reaction process. This work could make a contribution to the study of the enhancement of diffusion kinetics of Mg2+ and the reaction mechanism of RMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the influence of a novel magnetic activated carbon (MAC) nanocomposite coated with CuS (MAC/CuS) on the successful removal of tetracycline (TC) molecules from aqueous solutions via adsorption. The physical and structural properties of the synthesized sorbent were determined using the field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating-sample magnetometer techniques. Equilibrium isotherms and adsorption kinetics were studied. Additionally, the effects of pH (3, 5, 7, and 9), TC concentration (5–100 mg/L), MAC/CuS dosage (0.025–2.5 g), temperature (5°C, 10°C, 20°C, 40°C, and 50°C), and contact time (from inception to 200 min) were extensively examined. Our results revealed that the highest TC removal percentage was approximately 70% under optimal conditions (pH = 9, contact time = 200 min, nanocomposite dosage = 2 g/L, and temperature = 20°C). Modelling of the experimental data using isothermal models indicated that the TC adsorption process followed the Temkin model. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. A kinetic study demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was best for describing TC adsorption. This work presents a magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite coated with CuS as a high-efficiency adsorbent for the remediation of wastewater loaded with TC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel rod-shaped MIL-88A(Fe)@CuS featured with sulfur vacancies (S V) were constructed as heterogeneous catalysts for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for coumarin (COU) degradation. A series of x MIL@CuS were obtained according to the mass content of MIL-88A(Fe) in the composites (x , wt% = 50 %, 65 %, and 80 %). Among them, 65 % MIL@CuS hold the best performance, and realized a complete COU removal (30 μM) in 7 min (0.2 g/L 65 %MIL@CuS and 0.5 mM PMS). The degradation was much more favorable in acidic initial pH than alkaline initial pH. The calculated reaction rate constants at initial pH of 3.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 9.0 were 0.903, 0.729, 0.650 and 0.095 min−1, respectively. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis, radical scavenging tests and mechanism exploration indicated that the main difference in degradation under acidic and alkaline pH came from the yield of 1O 2. In initial pH = 3.0 condition, S V and lattice oxygen on 65 %MIL@CuS participated in the generation of 1O 2 , greatly increasing the content of 1O 2 (11.6 × 10−11 M) and promoting the degradation. While under initial alkaline condition (pH = 9.0), 1O 2 were basically produced from the reaction between Cu(II) and PMS, resulting in a low yield (1.7 × 10−11 M) and lower degradation. Besides, 65 %MIL@CuS maintained excellent reusability with low metal ions leaching, and the degradation exceeded 98.0 % even in the fifth run. Overall, this work provided an efficient and stable activator for activating PMS to degrade refractory organics, and managed to disclose the activation mechanisms under acidic and alkaline pH. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although metal sulfides have demonstrated exceptional catalytic properties in Fenton-like reactions, little is known about the role of sulfur species in transforming highly active species responsible for degradation organics. CuS (∼12 nm) nano-capsules embedded in the biochar (CuS-BC) were prepared from copper-rich biomass, which could activate H 2 O 2 (4 mM) and completely remove tetracycline (TC) from water within 210 min. Compared with BC/H 2 O 2 /Vis system, the degradation efficiency of TC in the CuS-BC/H 2 O 2 /Vis system was improved by 14.8 times, and the utilization efficiency of H 2 O 2 was improved by 86 times. The whole degradation process of TC can be divided into two stages: quasi-first-order reaction kinetics (k obs = 0.015 min−1) and zero-order reaction kinetics (k obs = 6.457 mol/L/min). Within 90 min, H 2 O 2 is activated to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH) by surface Cu2+ on CuS and photogenerated electrons (e−) generated from CuS photoexcitation, which react immediately with surface SO 3 2− to form SO 4 −. After 90 min, CuIII-peroxo species (CuIII-O 2 2−-(SO 3 2−) n) formed by electron transfer between CuI, O 2 , and surface SO 3 2− oxidize the remaining 50 % TC through interface interaction. CuS-BC catalyst exhibits excellent photostability and suitability for actual antibiotic wastewater. Overall, this study offers mechanistic insight into the role of sulfur species in the sulfide-based Fenton reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Au/Ce 2 S 3 @CeO 2 /CuS nanocatalysts were prepared for propargylamine synthesis. • Ce 2 S 3 was converted by CeO 2 in Na 2 S due to the different solubility product constant. • Contents of active sites Cu+ and Ce3+ were highly improved in Au/Ce 2 S 3 @CeO 2 /CuS. • A high product conversion rate of 222.5 mmol·g−1·h−1 obtained for Au/Ce 2 S 3 @CeO 2 /CuS. • Au/Ce 2 S 3 @CeO 2 /CuS also showed excellent recyclability, with 80 % retention after 5 cycles. A newly developed nanocomposite catalyst, Au/Ce 2 S 3 @CeO 2 /CuS, has been engineered for effective propargylamine synthesis through the A3 coupling reaction. The catalyst's synthesis involved the targeted addition of 15 wt% CeO 2 to the CuS sulfur precursor, leading to the formation of a Ce 2 S 3 layer due to its lower solubility product constant (K sp). This layer, along with 0.5 wt% Au nanoparticles, significantly increased the Ce3+ concentration (16.9 % to 33 %–52 %), which can accelerate the Cu+/Cu2+ valence state changes, thereby promoting the activation of the alkynyl hydrogen to enhance propargylamine formation. After 2 h reaction, the Au/Ce 2 S 3 @CeO 2 /CuS catalyst achieved over 99 % conversion, nearly 55 % more than pure CuS (45.5 %). The Au/Ce 2 S 3 @CeO 2 /CuS nanocomposite also showed excellent recyclability (80 % retention after 5 cycles) and a high conversion rate of 222.5 mmol·g−1·h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Developed dendritic CuS nanostructures by layer-by-layer assembly of amino acid. • Exhibited good photothermal heating efficacy under NIR light (980 nm) irradiation. • NIR irradiation effectively enhanced photothermal toxicity towards cancer cells. • Enhanced cytotoxicity of anticancer drug loaded dendritic system under NIR light. • Potential platform for photoacoustic image guided chemo-photothermal therapy. Herein, we report a unique method for design and development of carboxyl enriched dendritic CuS nanostructures (CuS NSs) for photoacoustic image guided chemo-photothermal therapy. The dendritic network was grown on the surface of CuS nanoparticles via layer-by-layer assembly of amino acid. XRD and TEM studies established the formation of crystalline well-spherical nanosized hexagonal covellite (CuS) phase. The successful growth of dendritic structure was apparent from the rise in surface charge, hydrodynamic diameter and characteristic vibrational band intensity of peptide bonds. The developed different generations of dendritic CuS NSs (D0-CuS NSs, D1-CuS NSs, D2-CuS NSs and D3-CuS NSs) displayed wide-ranging absorption band in near infrared (NIR) zone and exhibited good photothermal heating efficacy upon irradiation of 980 nm laser light. From in - vitro cellular studies, it has been found that the NIR irradiation effectively enhanced the photothermal toxicity of D3-CuS NSs towards cancer cells. Moreover, these negatively charged water-dispersible D3-CuS NSs were conjugated with positively charged anticancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) through electrostatic interaction. The DOX loaded D3-CuS NSs (DOX@D3-CuS NSs) revealed pH dependent drug release behaviour and their considerable uptake in breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Further, DOX@D3-CuS NSs exhibited a much higher toxicity towards cancer cells upon NIR light over individual counterparts suggesting their strong ability for chemo-photothermal therapy. Moreover, these biocompatible CuS NSs have shown excellent concentration dependent photoacoustic properties at pulse laser excitation (850 nm) and thus, they can be found potential application in chemo-photothermal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the field of oil-water separation is developing rapidly, but the challenges of poor water stability, poor scalability and durability still limit its practical application. In this study, two environmentally friendly and non-toxic superhydrophobic (Cu, Zn)S/(Cu-, Zn-)MOFs@stearic acid (CuS/Cu-MOFs@SA and ZnS/Zn-MOFs@SA) coatings were successfully prepared by hydrothermal method combined with dip coating method, with a water contact angle (WCA) of >165°. Through the synergistic effect with stearic acid (SA), the (Cu-, Zn-)MOFs coating composited with CuS and ZnS exhibits excellent durability in extreme environments. This synergistic effect significantly improves the mechanical stability and durability of the coating, allowing it to maintain a WCA of >155° after friction, kneading, tape stripping and ultrasonic treatment. However, CuS/Cu-MOFs@SA coating is significantly superior to ZnS/Zn-MOFs@SA coating in terms of chemical stability (acid-base-salt environment) and self-cleaning ability due to the different ligands used in the preparation process and the formation of particle structure. Significantly improved its durability and reliability in oil-water separation. The separation efficiency of the coating is as high as 98.7 %, and it remains above 97.8 % after 12 times of repeated use. This study provides a new strategy and important reference for the development of superhydrophobic MOFs coatings and oil-water separation materials with high stability, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. [Display omitted] • Developed superhydrophobic CuS/Cu-MOFs@SA and ZnS/Zn-MOFs@SA coatings. • Coatings offer exceptional mechanical stability and longevity. • High efficiency in separating oil from water. • Enhanced chemical and mechanical durability through CuS, ZnS, and SA integration. • Improved cotton fabric superhydrophobicity, minimizing surface adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The rough surface and hollow-cage structure make CuS HNCs have plenty of hot spots. • CuS HNCs display strong LSPR and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 42.39%. • An ultra-sensitive colorimetric/photothermal LFIA was constructed based on CuS HNCs. • LODs of the dual-modal LFIA for AOZ are 0.099 ng mL−1 (CM) and 0.075 ng mL−1 (PT). Signal tracers play a key role in the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for improving sensitivity and signal output capability. Photothermal signal has sparked significant excitement in designing high-performance LFIAs. Herein, CuS hollow nanocages (CuS HNCs) were synthesized for building a dual signal LFIA. CuS HNCs show excellent photothermal conversion efficiency due to their unique morphology and superior localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. Meanwhile, the hollow-cage structure endows CuS HNCs with high light absorption and suitable colorimetric property. Furazolidone (FZD) metabolite was used as a model target in the developed LFIA to demonstrate its superior comprehensive performances brought by CuS HNCs. The limit of detection is as low as 0.099 ng mL−1 (colorimetric mode) and 0.075ng mL−1 (photothermal mode), respectively. Furthermore, standard recovery test in honey and shrimp samples was performed and the recovery rates ranged from 86.33 % to 116.71 %. This study not only introduces a new type of nanolabel characterized by an abundance of high-energy hot carriers and pronounced thermal effects, enabling the development of exceptionally sensitive immunosensor platforms but also extends applications of hollow plasmonic photothermal material in the point-of-care (POC) diagnostic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Providing a strategy to synthesize CuS-NPC. • CuS-NPC improves specific capacity and electronic conductivity. In this work, an electrode composite (CuS-NPC) for supercapacitors was synthesized by loading hexagonal nano-sheeted copper sulfide onto porous carbon through a solvothermal reaction using thiourea and copper acetate as the sulfur and copper sources, respectively. The synergistic effect of nanoscale copper sulfide sheet and hierarchical pore structure of porous carbon with high surface area achieves excellent capacitive performance in electrochemical reactions. CuS-NPC exhibited a large specific capacitance of 1298.7F g−1 at current density of 0.5 A/g and 766.3F g−1 at current density of 10 A/g, revealing that the electrode composite of copper sulfide and porous carbon have a great prospect as a supercapacitor electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial solar desalination generation (ISDG) presents a promising solution for obtaining freshwater from seawater. However, developing solar evaporators with robust salt resistance using simple methods to ensure consistent desalination performance remains a major challenge. In this study, we engineered a solar evaporator (CuS-PDA-PVAF) by modifying polyvinyl alcohol foam (PVAF) with polydopamine (PDA) and CuS using a straightforward solution immersion method. The incorporation of PDA and CuS enhances the sunlight absorption capability of PVAF to approximately 98 %, resulting in an evaporation rate of 1.44 kg m–2 h–1 under 1-solar intensity. The CuS-PDA-PVAF solar evaporator leverages the macroporous structure and excellent hydrophilicity, enabling it to withstand 15 wt% saltwater while maintaining a steady evaporation rate of about 1.17 kg m–2 h–1. Outdoor tests confirm that a 1 m2 CuS-PDA-PVAF can generate approximately 5.6 kg of freshwater daily. This solar evaporator, designed simply and resistant to salt, possesses substantial potential for alleviating freshwater scarcity. • CuS-PDA-PVAF was designed with a simple solution immersion method. • CuS improves the sunlight absorption of PDA-PVAF to 98 %. • CuS-PDA-PVAF can steadily resist 15 wt% saltwater. • 1 m2 CuS-PDA-PVAF can produce about 5.6 kg of freshwater per day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic stress caused by prolonged emotional pressure can lead to various physiological issues, including reproductive dysfunction. Although reproductive problems can also induce chronic stress, the impact of chronic stress-induced reproductive dysfunction remains contentious. This study investigates the effects of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) on reproductive neuropeptides, sperm quality, and testicular morphology. Sixteen twelve-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups: a non-stress control group and a CUS-induced group. The CUS regimen involved various stressors over 28 days, with both groups undergoing behavioural assessments through sucrose-preference and forced-swim tests. Hypothalamic gene expression levels of CRH, PNX, GPR173, kisspeptin, GnRH, GnIH , and spexin neuropeptides were measured via qPCR, while plasma cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone concentrations were quantified using ELISA. Seminal fluid and testis samples were collected for sperm analysis and histopathological evaluation, respectively. Results showed altered behaviours in CUS-induced rats, reflecting stress impacts. Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) expression and plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in CUS-induced rats compared to controls (p < 0.05). Conversely, phoenixin (PNX) expression decreased in the CUS group (p < 0.05), while kisspeptin, spexin , and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) levels showed no significant differences between groups. Despite a significant increase in GnRH expression (p < 0.05), plasma LH and testosterone concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in CUS-induced rats. Histopathological analysis revealed abnormal testis morphology in CUS-induced rats, including disrupted architecture, visible interstitial spaces between seminiferous tubules, and absence of spermatogenesis. In conclusion, CUS affects reproductive function by modulating PNX and GnRH expression, influencing cortisol levels, and subsequently reducing plasma LH and testosterone concentrations. This study highlights the complex interplay between chronic stress and reproductive health, emphasizing the significant impact of stress on reproductive functions. • Chronic stress has recently associated with decreasing of reproductive health quality among males. • Chronic stress significantly reduced reproductive neuropeptides gene expression, phoenixin levels and reproductive hormones. • CUS influences reproductive function by modulating phoenixin and GnRH expression. • Testis and sperm morphology are severely affected by the CUS induced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CuS/Bi 2 S 3 is prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method. • Heterojunctions are constructed between metal sulfides with narrow bandgaps. • The rate of CO generation from CuS/Bi 2 S 3 is 2.78 and 2.87 times higher than CuS and Bi 2 S 3. • Electron transmission channels promote the separation of photogenerated carriers. Enhancing the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers and improving electron utilization are the primary challenges limiting the photocatalytic reduction performance. The utilization of heterojunctions to enhance the separation capability of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby increasing the product yield, is a common practice in the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2. In this work, a composite material of CuS and Bi 2 S 3 was synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method, successfully constructing a Z-scheme heterojunction between the two materials. Under the influence of the heterojunction, CuS/Bi 2 S 3 overcame the predicament of rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers caused by the narrow bandgap of semiconductor materials. Facilitating the accumulation of electrons at reaction sites on CuS allows for their rapid participation in reactions, leading to increased production of CO 2 reduction products. The rate of CO generation from the photocatalytic conversion of CO 2 using CuS/Bi 2 S 3 was 108.57 μmol g−1h−1, representing an increase in the carbon monoxide yield by 2.78 times and 2.87 times compared to CuS and Bi 2 S 3 respectively, and CH 4 production of CuS/Bi 2 S 3 also increased. This study offers a new understanding of the construction of heterojunctions between metal sulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundant aromatic ring structure and a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups in the lignin offer the possibility of achieving excellent photothermal conversion ability and modulating the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. Herein, three kinds of the lignin with different functional group content were employed to investigate the potential influence on the particle size and the solution stability of the CuS through two reaction pathways. The result of various characterizations indicated that the higher the oxygen-containing functional group content (4.83 mmol/g) of lignin, the smaller the size of CuS nanoparticles (∼80 nm) in solution. And the smaller and homogeneously dispersed CuS offered a higher surface temperature for the solar-driven heat-generating materials. The regulation mechanism was also proposed based on the result of the molecular dynamics simulation and DFT calculation. Subsequently, the photothermal film (Route2 DTAL-PVA-30) and solar-driven aerogel evaporator (Route2 DTAL-AG3) were successfully prepared using the lignin-guided stabilization solution of CuS nanoparticles. The photothermal conversion efficiency of 49.43 % and the equilibrium voltage of 266 mV can be achieved by the Route2 DTAL-PVA-30 under 1 sun using a thermoelectric generator. The Route2 DTAL-AG3 exhibited promising salt-rejecting property and outstanding acid and alkali resistance performance, reaching an evaporation rate of up to 1.93 kg/(m2 h) in the 3.5 wt% seawater under 1sun. This work may provide a novel strategy to realize the regulatory role of lignin in the metal synthesis and achieve the high value-added applications of the lignin. [Display omitted] • The influence of the functional group in lignin on the synthesis process of CuS was investigated. • The regulation mechanism of the lignin on the synthesis process of the CuS was clarified. • The photothermal conversion efficiency of Route2 DTAL-PVA-30 can reach as high as 49.43 %. • The equilibrium voltage of 381 mV can be achieved by the Route2 DTAL-PVA-30 under 3 sun. • The Route2 DTAL-AG3 can reach an evaporation rate as high as 4.83 kg/(m2 h) under 3 sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) by utilizing sulfide electrolytes (SEs) have recently attracted much attention because of their advantages such as high ionic conductivity and low processing temperature of SEs. To enhance the electrochemical properties of ASSBs such as areal capacity and cycle performance, it is highly desired to obtain an intimate contact between active materials and SEs in the cathode and decrease the content of non-active materials including electronically conductive carbon and SEs. In this work, a carbon-free composite cathode with CuS as the active material and lithium argyrodite Li 5.5 PS 4.5 Cl 1.5 (LPSCl) as the SE was prepared by ball milling. Due to the tight contact between LPSCl and CuS caused by ball milling, high theoretical specific capacity, and relatively large electronic conductivity of CuS, the ASSB with a composite cathode containing a CuS loading of 10.2 mg cm−2 delivered a large initial discharge capacity of 434.3 mAh g–1 electrode based on the cathode mass and a high areal capacity of 5.5 mAh cm−2 at room temperature. At a higher CuS loading of 20.4 mg cm−2, an ultrahigh areal capacity of 12.7 mAh cm−2 and a calculated specific energy of 955 Wh kg–1 electrode based on the cathode were obtained at 60 °C. Our work demonstrates that the carbon-free, CuS-based composite cathode is a highly promising cathode for high-energy-density ASSBs. [Display omitted] • A carbon-free CuS-based cathode for all-solid-state batteries is reported. • An intimate contact between CuS and sulfide electrolyte is achieved. • An ultrahigh areal capacity of 12.7 mAh cm−2 is obtained for the cathode. • The energy density based on the total mass of the cathode is 955 Wh kg–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of metal sulfides heterostructure is a promising strategy for enhancing catalytic activity. Herein, the MoS 2 /CuS heterostructure was successfully grown on carbon cloth (MoS 2 /CuS/CC) through an efficient method. The SEM results confirmed that the fabricated MoS 2 /CuS/CC composites have a flake morphology, which can not only improves the surface area but also offers ample surface catalytic active sites. Particularly, the optimized MoS 2 /CuS/CC-2 electrocatalyst showed a small overpotential of 85 mV@10 mA cm−2 and exceptional long-term cycling durability for hydrogen evolution in 1 M KOH. The outstanding catalytic activity is attributed to the fact that the combination of MoS 2 with CuS can greatly enhance the charge transport rate and improve the structural stability. These results suggest that the MoS 2 /CuS/CC heterostructure is a potential electrocatalyst for hydrogen production. [Display omitted] • Flakes-shaped MoS 2 /CuS/CC electrocatalysts were successfully fabricated. • The MoS 2 /CuS/CC electrocatalysts can offer ample surface catalytic active sites. • The MoS 2 /CuS/CC electrocatalyst shows low overpotential of 85 mV@10 mA cm−2 for HER. • The MoS 2 /CuS/CC electrocatalyst presents excellent long-term cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor-based photocatalysis represents a promising technology for removing antibiotic given its cost effectiveness and environmental compatibility. However, finding suitable photocatalysts and semiconductors for practical applications can be challenging. This work aims to investigate the photocatalytic performance of as-synthesized photocatalysts under broad-spectrum from visible (Vis) to near-infrared (NIR) sunlight. In this work, a step-scheme (S-scheme) heterojunction photocatalyst, i.e., CuS/S–C 3 N 4 , was prepared, employing a single-step hydrothermal route. The synthesized photocatalyst showed excellent crystallinity and high purity content. The CuS loading provided a better NIR light response-ability and improved photocatalytic activity for CuS/S–C 3 N 4. The 2 wt% CuS/S–C 3 N 4 produced the highest tetracycline (TC) photodegradation rate, up to about 95% efficiency under Vis + NIR light irradiation. The result also showed that the 2 wt% CuS/S–C 3 N 4 sample had a first-order kinetic constant (k) that was 6.2-fold higher than the pure S–C 3 N 4 sample under Vis + NIR light irradiation. However, too much CuS content led to the presence of inactive sites on S–C 3 N 4 , which hampered the light absorption ability, thus leading to inadequate photocatalytic activity. In addition, the 2 wt% CuS/S–C 3 N 4 sample also showed high photocatalytic stability and insignificant change of the composite structure before and after the experiments. In short, we can enhance the CuS/S–C 3 N 4 photocatalytic activity by increasing the light response range and the separation efficiency of light-induced electrons and holes. Consequently, we have developed a novel strategy and experimental basis for S-scheme heterojunction to be fully utilized under broad-spectrum sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The In 2 O 3 +ZrO 2 physical mixture (PM) is much more active than its components. • PM generates isobutene at high selectivity while its components almost do not. • DRX and XPS showed that ZrO 2 promotes distortions in the In 2 O 3 lattice. • The distortions turn easier the generation of O vacancies during the reaction. • PM catalytic performance is associated with the facility of vacancies generation. A physical mixture comprising In 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 and its components were employed as catalysts in the generation of isobutene from ethanol. These solids were characterized by means of several techniques such as EPR, HRTEM, XPS, XRD, N 2 physical adsorption, isopropanol-TPD, CO 2 -TPD, ethanol-TPD and pyridine adsorption. The addition of 7% of In 2 O 3 to ZrO 2 employing the physical mixture procedure generates a catalyst which shows physicochemical and catalytic properties which are not a linear combination of its components properties. This catalyst is not only much more active compared with In 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 , but it also generates isobutene at high selectivity. The interaction between In 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 changes the quantity and strength of the acidic and basic sites. However, these modifications do not correlate with the catalytic behavior. The HRTEM data suggest that the epitaxy alignment occurs between these two oxides which might cause stresses in the In 2 O 3 lattice. The XRD and XPS analysis have identified distortions in the In 2 O 3 lattice provoked by ZrO 2 , which facilitate the generation of O vacancies and consequently increases the concentration of these species during the reaction. This phenomenon promotes the acetone and acetaldehyde syntheses which are very relevant intermediate of this cascade reaction. Thus, it can be suggested that the catalytic behavior of the modified physical mixture is associated with the In 2 O 3 lattice distortions promoted by ZrO 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the development of lightweight and wideband microwave absorbing materials with stable infrared stealth property and adaptable to complex environments has become the key to multi-modal stealth technology. Herein, hollow CuS microflowers were self-assembled on biomass-derived porous carbon in situ to realize the multifunctions of microwave absorption, flame retardance and thermal stealth. The multicomponent synergistic effect combined with unique microarchitecture triggered the multiple polarization effects, multiple reflection and scattering as well as conduction loss in the PC@CuS composite. As a result, the PC 800 @CuS sample exhibited an optimal RL min of −61.5 dB and an exceptionally wide EAB of 7.8 GHz with the filling ratio of only 10%. In addition, the PC@CuS composite also exhibited superior flame-retardant properties by virtue of its distinctive porous structure. Meanwhile, the uniform distribution of CuS particles played a vital role in enhancing the overall infrared absorption efficiency, thereby obtaining stable and highly-effective infrared stealth performance comparable to commercial products. This work shed light on the development of high-efficiency MAs with multifunctions in a facile and low-cost manner. • The synthesis process was low-cost, facile and green. • The RL min of −61.5 dB and EAB of 7.8 GHz were achieved at a filling ratio of 10%. • A microwave absorber with thermal stealth was fabricated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, gallium doped copper sulfide (Ga-doped CuS) nanocrystals were prepared using a solvothermal method. The effects of Ga doping on the crystal structures, chemical composition, morphology, optical properties and thermal performance of copper sulfide (CuS) were investigated. The Ga-doped CuS nanocrystals had a hexagonal structure comparable to that of pure CuS. The Cu+/Cu2+ ratio first decreased and then increased with increasing Ga3+ doping. Both CuS and Ga-doped CuS exhibited nanoplate and nanorod morphologies. The visible transmittance of the Ga-doped CuS films was in the range of 61–77.1%. Importantly, the near-infrared (NIR) shielding performance of the films can be tuned by adjusting the concentration of the Ga dopant. The NIR shielding value of the optimal Ga-doped CuS film was 72.4%, which was approximately 1.5 times as high as that of the pure CuS film. This can be ascribed to the enhanced plasmonic NIR absorption that resulted from an increase in the hole concentration after doping with Ga3+ ions. In the thermal performance test, the Ga-doped CuS film lowered the interior temperature of the heat box by 9.1 °C. Therefore, the integration of good visible transmittance and high NIR shielding performance make the Ga-doped CuS nanocrystals a promising candidate for energy-efficient window coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a naturally abundant resource, biomass holds significant potential as an alternative to non-renewable fossil feedstock for producing value-added chemicals and fuels. However, its applications are limited by low conversion efficiency and product selectivity. In this study, we synthesized plasmonic CuS/phosphoric acid-modified attapulgite (P-ATP) nanocomposites using a microwave hydrothermal approach. The formation of an S-type heterostructure between CuS and P-ATP markedly improved the separation of electrons and holes. Additionally, the CuS/P-ATP nanocomposites featured numerous acidic sites, significantly enhancing the conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into furan-2,5-dicarbaldehyde (DFF). CuS-induced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) extended the absorption spectrum into the near-infrared region, raising the surface temperature and substantially improving photocatalytic activity. The 30 % CuS/P-ATP exhibited the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 286 μmol g−1 h−1 and the highest DFF generation rate of 31 μmol g−1 h−1, while maintaining a 95 % selectivity for DFF. This study demonstrates the commercial potential of clay minerals for biomass valorization coupled with hydrogen production. • CuS/phosphoric acid-modified attapulgite nanocomposite was obtained. • CuS and P-ATP formed S-type heterojunction favored the separation of e-/h+. • P-ATP owned abundant acidic sites accelerating the selective oxidation of HMF. • CuS-induced LSPR extended the light absorption and increased the temperature. • Superior hydrogen evolution rate and high selectivity for DFF both realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In doped CuS nanocrystals were prepared by a solvothermal method. • In doped CuS exhibited morphologies of nanoplates and nanorods. • The concentration of holes increased after doping of In. • The visible transmittance of In doped CuS films reached 77.1%. • In doped CuS exhibited enhanced solar shielding performance. To achieve good indoor thermal comfortability in the hot summer days, searching for suitable solar shielding materials for buildings is of great importance. In this work, In doped CuS nanocrystals were first synthesized as novel NIR shielding materials for energy efficient windows. The influence of In doping on the microstructure, phase composition, optical performance, and thermal property of CuS were systematically explored. All the products adopted a hexagonal structure. Both of CuS and In doped CuS nanocrystals were composed of nanoplates and nanorods. All samples showed high visible transmittance (63.9–78.4%). Optical tests confirmed that the doping of indium ions was an effective way to improve the NIR shielding performance of the CuS films. The NIR shielding value of the films increased from 47.2% to 68.2% when the doping amount of In increased from 0 to 2%. The reason can be attributed to the enhanced NIR absorption induced by the increased hole concentration after doping of In3+ ions. Moreover, the In doped CuS films lowered the indoor temperature of the heat box by 8.4 °C in the thermal tests, further confirming the superior NIR shielding performance of In doped CuS nanocrystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of atomic defects on electronic properties, mechanical stability, and elemental diffusivity in CuS (or covellite) were investigated by first-principles calculations. The metallic CuS shows higher structural and mechanical stabilities compared to Cu x S phases. Strong covalent bonds in pristine CuS restrict the self-diffusion of Cu and S atoms; however, different band orientations in presence of atomic vacancies result in a high degree of self-diffusion. Specially, sulfur vacancies play a prominent role in increasing the diffusion of both Cu and S. Calculated self-diffusion coefficients between 100 °C and 150 °C are of the order of 10−6 cm2/s, comparable to experiments. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy utilization is a promising strategy for the photocatalytic generation of H 2 from water. Herein, a CuS-modified ZnO rod/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/CdS heterostructure was fabricated via Cu-induced electrochemical growth with Zn powder at room temperature. The resulting powder revealed good interfacial bonding and promoted photoexcited carrier transport. The CuS nanoparticles played a pivotal role in enhancing visible-light responses and demonstrated excellent catalytic performance. A high visible-light photocatalytic H 2 generation rate of 1073 μmol h−1 g−1 was obtained from the CuS–ZnO/rGO/CdS heterostructure containing 0.23% CuS and 1.62% CdS. Increased photoexcited electron lifetimes, improved carrier transport rates, and decreased fluorescence intensities confirmed the synergistic effects of each of the components of the heterostructure. This study provides an innovative strategy for constructing multi-component heterostructures to achieve efficient visible-light H 2 evolution. Image 1 • A novel electrochemical growth strategy was developed to prepare CuS–ZnO/rGO/CdS. • A wide visible-light absorption band was introduced into the heterostructure. • CuS–ZnO/rGO/CdS exhibited an improved H 2 generation rate under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material of CuS/polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan (CuS/PVACS) was prepared with a novel synthesis analysis. The crystallinity, morphological characteristics, and photocatalytic performance of the nano-materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy X-ray photoelectron, and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The band gap values (Eg) was found as 2.50, and 2.04 eV for CuS, and CuS/PVACS nano-catalyst, respectively. The photo-degradation amount of the malachite green solutions which were degraded by CuS/PVACS in the UV-irradiation in 60 min was above 96.51%. The antibacterial properties of the CuS/PVACS has been evaluated versus (G+/G-) bacteria. The results of antibacterial performance indicated that CuS/PVACS nanocomposites have bacteriostatic behavior versus Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas syringae , Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for the development of depression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neural functions and exhibits antidepressant effects. However, studies on depression-related behavioral response to BDNF have mainly focused on the limbic system, whereas other regions of the brain still require further exploration. Here, we report that exposure to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can induce depression-associated behaviors in mice. CUS could decrease total Bdnf mRNA and protein levels in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which correlated with depression-related behaviors. A corresponding reduction in exon-specific Bdnf mRNA was observed in the DRN of CUS mice. Bdnf was highly expressed in 5- Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons from the DRN. Selective deletion of Bdnf in 5-HT neurons alone could not induce anhedonia and behavioral despair in male or female mice, as indicated by the unchanged female urine sniffing time and preference for sucrose/saccharin. However, it could increase the latency to food in female mice, but not in male mice as shown by novelty-suppressed food test. Nevertheless, enhanced stress-induced susceptibility is observed in these male mice as suggested by the decrease in female urine sniffing time, and for female mice by the reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility in forced swim test. Furtherly, total Bdnf mRNA levels in DRN were correlated with depression-related behaviors of female, but not male 5-HT neurons specific Bdnf knockout mice. Our results indicate that BDNF might act on 5-HT neurons to regulate depression-related behaviors and stress vulnerability in a sex-dependent manner. • Chronic unpredictable stress can induce depression-related behaviors. • BDNF expression is decreased by CUS in DRN. • Knockout of BDNF in 5-HT neurons induces different depression-related behaviors in male and female mice. • Knockout of BDNF in 5-HT neurons shows increased susceptibility to subchronic unpredictable stress in a sex-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene, a novel two-dimensional (2D) multi-layer material, has drawn unusual interest as the microwave absorbers for electromagnetic energy attenuation. Synthetic MXene-based heterostructure composites via optimizing structure is an effective strategy to endow MXene materials with high-performance microwave absorption. This study reports the fabrication and investigation of the microwave absorption performance of a sandwich-like CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene composites prepared by loading CuS nanoparticles onto 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x via a solvothermal method. The morphology and electromagnetic absorption properties of this composite were investigated and the results demonstrated that the CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x composite with a heterolayered architecture displayed superior microwave absorption ability. With a 35 wt% filler loading in the paraffin matrix, the minimum reflection loss value reached −45.3 dB at a frequency of 7.3 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth achieved a value as high as 5.2 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm. The enhanced microwave absorption performances can be ascribed to the cooperation of the conductive network, interface polarization, dipole polarization, multiple reflection and scattering. Therefore, the synthesized CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene composites offer an efficient foundation for the design and utilization of other lightweight microwave absorbers. • A unique sandwich-like CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene composite was successfully fabricated. • The microwave absorption of CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene composite was first reported and discussed. • The EM wave absorption mechanism was analysed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ni/ZrO 2 catalyst doped with Ca and Ni/ZrO 2 were employed in the CO 2 methanation, a reaction which will possibly be used for storing intermittent energy in the future. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, reduction in situ), X-ray diffraction (XRD, reduction in situ and Rietveld refinement), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), temperature-programmed surface reaction, cyclohexane dehydrogenation model reaction, temperature-programmed desorption of CO 2 and chemical analysis. The catalytic behavior of these catalysts in the CO 2 methanation was analyzed employing a conventional catalytic test. Adding Ca to Ni/ZrO 2 , the metallic surface area did not change whereas the CO 2 consumption rate almost tripled. The XRD, XPS and EPR analyses showed that Ca+2 but also some Ni2+ are on the ZrO 2 surface lattice of the Ni/CaZrO 2 catalyst. These cations form pairs which are composed of oxygen vacancies and coordinatively unsaturated sites (cus). By increasing the number of these pairs, the CO 2 methanation rate increases. Moreover, the number of active sites of the CO 2 methanation rate limiting step (CO and/or formate species decomposition, rls) is enhanced as well, showing that the rls occurs on the vacancies-cus sites pairs. • Adding Ca to Ni/ZrO2, pairs of oxygen vacancies-cus sites are generated. • The C–O dissociation (rls) occurs on the oxygen vacancies-cus pairs. • Increasing the concentration of these pairs, the rls increases as well. • Increasing the concentration of these pairs, the CO2 methanation rate increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hole conducting, transparent CuS:ZnS thin films were produced via thermal evaporation. • A superior conductivity value of 1420 S/cm was obtained for (CuS) 0.49 :(ZnS) 0.51 films. • Proof-of-concept device of p+-(CuS) 0.49 :(ZnS) 0.51 /n-Si photodiodes were produced. • Photodiode exhibited an excellent photoresponsivity covering a wide spectral range. This study demonstrates the viability of the thermal evaporation method to produce transparent and highly conductive p-type (CuS) x :(ZnS) 1-x thin films by achieving the highest conductivity value (1.4 × 103 S/cm) reported in this field to date. This places it in direct comparison with n-type transparent conductors. Analysis through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) unveils nanocomposite structures comprising sphalerite ZnS, chalcocite Cu 2 S, and covellite CuS nanocrystals in the thin films. The study reveals that transmittance values at a wavelength of 550 nm vary from 84 % to 65 % based on the increasing CuS ratio, establishing thermal-evaporated (CuS) x :(ZnS) 1-x thin films as promising candidates for p-type transparent electrodes. Moreover, p+-(CuS) 0.49 :(ZnS) 0.54 /n-Si heterojunction photodiodes were also produced. The heterojunction diode exhibited excellent photo-response characteristics in a wide range of wavelengths between 325 and 1170 nm at zero-bias. The responsivity value of the photodiode was as high as 1.44 A/W at the peak wavelength of 912 nm (9.45 mW/cm2) with a high I on /I off ratio of 1.45 × 104. Besides, it was shown to have excellent detectivity, response time, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) values corresponding to 2.62 × 1012 Jones, 8.45 µs, and 244 %, respectively. Most of these values are superior to those even in commercial-grade photodiodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Photocatalytic activity of CuS NPs greatly improved upon immobilizing on PNIPAM. • CuS NPs with PNIPAM hydrogels enhance photothermal–photocatalytic performance. • Positive influence of the NIR-induced temperature increase is demonstrated. This study explores the synergistic effects of photothermal and photocatalytic properties by investigating CuS nanoparticles immobilized on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer. The photothermal-photocatalytic decomposition test of organic dye demonstrated a significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity upon immobilizing CuS on PNIPAM. The closer proximity of CuS nanoparticles, induced by the photothermal effect of CuS and PNIPAM shrinkage, led to improved heat generation and enhanced photocatalytic performance under simultaneous ultraviolet and infrared light irradiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]