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Abstract: Introduction: Women in labor or with complications of pregnancy in the remote, outback region of Australia's Northern Territory are transported to the hospital by air. The objective of this study was to describe the interventions required by obstetric and newborn patients during air medical transport and to evaluate how often these were beyond the scope of practice of a team consisting of an experienced midwife with or without a general flight doctor. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of 200 consecutive women between 20 weeks gestation up to 24 hours postpartum and newborns transferred during the same time period. Results: Only 1 obstetric patient required intervention beyond the scope of a midwife. Forty-eight newborn infants were transferred. Eleven (23%) required interventions within the skill range of a general flight doctor. Twenty (42%) required neonatal specialist care. Ten of 31 newborns requiring more than midwifery care were referred for transport while in utero. Conclusions: In this specific cohort, a midwife provided an appropriate level of maternal care to the majority of patients. Newborns frequently required clinical expertise beyond the practice scope of a midwife and general flight doctor. Most women in labor do not deliver during transport. The transport service has finite economic resources and logistical constraints. This study highlighted an ongoing challenge regarding when to request additional neonatal specialist care for preterm or high-risk patients referred for transport in utero. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]