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Aims: This study aimed to analyze the feasibility and safety of a community-based walking football program in middle-aged and older men with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Methods: Thirty-one male (age, 64.4 ± 4.5 years old; glycated hemoglobin, 6.7 ± 1.0%; body mass index: 28.8 ± 3.3 kg/m2) patients with T2D were recruited from primary health care units in Porto, Portugal. The participants engaged in a 12-wk walking football program (three sessions per week of 60 min; consisting of strength and conditioning exercises, technical skills drills, and small-sided walking football games). Exercise intensity was planned to be gradual throughout the program in three 4-wk phases (phase I, light-intensity; phase II, moderate-intensity; phase III, vigorous-intensity) through the manipulation of game constraints, and monitored by OMNI scale and heart rate reserve (HRR). Sessions' enjoyment level, and exercise-related injuries and adverse events were recorded in all sessions.Results: The median (P25-P75) adherence to the program was 86.1% (77.8-97.2%). The median enjoyment levels reported by participants was 5 (4-5) points in phase I, 5 (5-5) points in phase II and 5 (5-5) points in phase III. Sessions' average subjective exercise intensity was 3.0 ± 0.6 points in OMNI scale in phase I, 3.5 ± 0.4 points in phase II, and 3.8 ± 0.4 points in phase III. Sessions' average HRR was 35.8 ± 6.7% in phase I, 41.6 ± 4.2% in phase II, and 37.3 ± 4.3% in phase III. Most participants attained vigorous-intensity peaks in all phases. Falls (n = 25) and musculoskeletal injuries (n = 8) were the most frequent adverse events. 31% of these events interfered with exercise participation, but no harm has resulted from it.Conclusion: A community-based walking football program for T2D patients revealed high levels of adherence and enjoyment, and light-to-vigorous exercise intensity. The adverse events were according to the expected for the population and activity. Therefore, walking football seems to be a feasible and safe exercise strategy, and has the potential for large scale implementation for T2D control.Trial Registration: NCT03810846. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of short feed restriction cycles on Piaractus brachypomus juveniles during the initial growth phase. A total of 750 fish (average initial weight of 2.4 g and density of 1 fish per 2 l of water) were distributed in 15 rectangular tanks maintained in a recirculation aquaculture system for 35 days. Fish were divided into three treatments: Control, fish continuously fed; 6F/1R, fish fed for six days and subjected to feed restriction for one day (on Sundays); and 5F/2R, fish fed for five days and subjected to feed restriction for two days (on Saturdays and Sundays). Fish were fed until apparent satiation two times a day (09 h00 and 16 h00) using an extruded commercial diet (2.6 mm diameter and 36% crude protein). There were no significant differences in survival among treatments (P > 0.05). Treatment 5F/2R had lower final weight, length, weight gain and specific growth rate compared to the control (P < 0.05), while these variables did not differ significantly from the control for the 6F/1R treatment. Food intake for both treatments submitted to feed restriction (6F/1R and 5F/2R) was lower compared to control. Feed conversion rate and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly among treatments (P > 0.05), nor did hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration (P > 0.05). Treatment 5F/2R had lower triglycerides than the control, while the other parameters (glucose and cholesterol) did not differ. Liver lipids, muscle lipids and the mesenteric fat index did not differ significantly among treatments (P > 0.05), however, the hepatosomatic index for 5F/2R was significantly lower than the control (P < 0.05). The adoption of short cycles of one day of feed restriction per week (treatment 6F/1R) appears to be a very satisfactory strategy in the production of juvenile P. brachypomus with an initial average weight of 2.4 g, as these animals showed good growth performance responses and did not experience changes in their hematological, biochemical and tissue parameters. • Short cycles of one day of feed restriction per week is a good strategy in P. brachypomus production with initial average weight of 2.4 g. • One day of feed restriction per week exhibited a 22% reduction in feed intake without altering the growth performance in P. brachypomus juveniles. • Two days of feed restriction per week compromised the maintenance of plasma triglycerides in P. brachypomus juveniles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]