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[Display omitted] • Review delves into gut microbiome's role in Alzheimer's modulation. • Dysbiosis linked to neuroinflammation, amyloid beta aggregation, and oxidative stress. • Complex mechanisms involve microbial metabolites, immune signaling, permeability, and vagus nerve. • Probiotic exopolysaccharides protect neurons, inhibit amyloid beta, and improve memory in Alzheimer's models. The effects of the gut microbiome on the brain and the mechanisms of gut-brain communication have been popular research topics for the past few decades. The term gut-brain axis (GBA) evolved to illustrate how the gut and gut microbiota communicate with the brain. The gut-brain axis is an interplay of the neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways that help to maintain the brain's homeostasis. Several groups have reported that gut dysbiosis is significantly associated with neuroinflammation, aggregation of amyloid beta, and an increase in oxidative stress during Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the exact mechanism of how the gut microbiome influences brain function may help develop new therapeutic modalities for AD. This review highlights the functioning of the gut microbiome in AD pathogenesis, the potential beneficial effects of probiotic exopolysaccharides as therapeutic molecules, and the potential benefits of probiotic exopolysaccharides (EPS) as a ray of hope in treating AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the microbial diversity and research trends using metagenomics is important for biotechnological and environmental applications. In this study, we carried out bibliometric analysis on hot metagenomics to study the research trends. The high-throughput metagenome sequencing was used to investigate the taxonomic profile of Rajouri hot spring (RHS) located at 33.1829° N, 75.1441° with 3445 feet above the sea level. The isolated metagenomic DNA (mDNA) was subjected to sequencing using Illumina technology, and the data was processed using QIIME for taxonomic classification and diversity analysis. The results showed a high level of diversity within the microbial communities with Proteobacteria (41.03%), Actinobacteria (16.7%), and Firmicutes (7.42%) as the dominant phyla. The Shannon (3.28), Simpson (0.053), and Chao1 (198.5) indices indicate the microbial richness in RHS suggesting a more stable and resilient ecosystem. The Trehalose synthase (TreS) gene, responsible for catalyzing the conversion of maltose to trehalose, was subjected to PCR amplification, DNA sequencing, and subsequent computational analysis. Through these investigations, it was determined that the TreS protein is composed of 169 amino acids, displaying a globular conformation and possessing hydrophilic characteristics. The advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology will enable more comprehensive and accurate analysis of the hot spring metagenome, leading to a deeper understanding of the microbial communities and their interactions. • Metagenomics offers valuable genetic insight into the diverse unculturable microorganisms. • Proteobacteria (41.03%), and Actinobacteria (16.7%) phyla are dominant in RHS. • Trehalose synthase (TreS), a globular protein, is present in RHS metagenomic DNA. • TreS , a hydrophilic protein, is localized in cytoplasm with highest percentage of leucine (11.8%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]