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44. Diabetes Disparities in the United States: Trends by Educational Attainment from 2001 to 2020.

Author

Choi, Ji Young, Choi, Daesung, Mehta, Neil K., Ali, Mohammed K., and Patel, Shivani A.

Subjects
*HEALTH & Nutrition Examination Survey, *GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin, *EDUCATIONAL attainment, *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, *ACADEMIC degrees
Abstract

Tracking changes in socioeconomic disparities in diabetes in the U.S. is important to evaluate progress in health equity and guide prevention efforts. Disparities in diabetes prevalence by educational attainment from 2001 to 2020 were investigated. Using a serial cross-sectional design, data from 33,220 adults aged 30–79 assessed in nine rounds of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2001 and 2020 were analyzed in 2023–2024. Diabetes was defined as self-reported prior diagnosis, elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ≥6.5%), or use of diabetes medications. Marginalized age- and covariate-adjusted prevalence differences (PD) and prevalence ratios (PR) of diabetes by educational attainment (less than high school graduation, high school graduation, some college education or associate degree, or college graduation [reference]) by calendar period (2001–2004, 2005–2008, 2009–2012, 2013–2016, 2017–2020) were derived from logistic regression models. From 2001 to 2020, age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was consistently higher among adults without a college degree. Adults without a high school diploma exhibited the largest disparities in both 2001–2004 (PD 8.0%; 95%CI 5.6–10.5 and PR 2.1; 95%CI 1.5–2.6) and 2017-20 (PD 11.0%; 95%CI 6.7–15.2 and PR 2.1; 95%CI 1.5–2.7). Between 2001–2004 and 2017–2020, the absolute disparity in diabetes changed only among adults with a high school diploma (increase from PD 1.7%; 95%CI –0.5- 3.9 to PD 8.8% 95%CI 4.1–13.4, respectively), while the PR did not change in any group. Education-related disparities in diabetes were attenuated after accounting for socio-demographic factors and BMI. From 2001 to 2020, national education-related disparities in diabetes prevalence have shown no signs of narrowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Postoperative Stability in Displaced Ankle Fractures With Concomitant Ligamentous Injuries.

Author

Choi, Ji Hye, Choi, Yoon Hyo, Kim, Jung Geul, Koo, Seungbum, and Lee, Kyoung Min

Abstract

Ankle instability, which can be attributed to either the deltoid or lateral ligamentous complex, may be both a cause and a consequence of ankle fractures. This study aimed to assess postoperative ankle instability in patients with displaced ankle fractures. A total of 54 patients with displaced ankle fractures were included. Malleolar fractures were surgically reduced and fixated, and if necessary, the syndesmosis was stabilized. Concomitant deltoid injuries were left unrepaired. Ankle stress radiographs were taken approximately 25.4 months after surgery, with a standard deviation of 20.5 months. Radiographic measurements included the tibiotalar tilt angle (TT) on varus stress view, anterior translation of the talus (AT) on the anterior drawer view, and the medial clear space (MC) and tibiotalar tilt angle on the valgus stress view. These measurements were compared between the injured and the noninjured contralateral ankle for all patients as well as in a subgroup of 19 patients with concomitant deltoid and syndesmosis injuries. There were no significant differences in Varus TT (p =.675, p =.394), AT (p =.516, p =.967), Valgus MC (p =.190, p = 0.498), and Valgus TT (p =.173, p =.442) between the injured and noninjured ankles in the whole group of patients as well as in the subgroup of patients with concomitant deltoid and syndesmosis injuries. Patients with displaced ankle fractures exhibited radiographically stable ankles postoperatively. Syndesmosis fixation without deltoid ligament repair is a viable treatment option for achieving ankle stability postoperatively in fractures with both ligament injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. A development of a surface frost prediction model for hydrogen fueling nozzle.

Author

Choi, Ji Ah, Jang, Ji Seong, and Ji, Sang Won

Subjects
*FUELING, *NOZZLES, *PREDICTION models, *FROST, *HYDROGEN as fuel, *SURFACE phenomenon, *SURFACE temperature, *NITROGEN
Abstract

This study presents a simulation model to predict the nozzle surface freezing phenomenon that causes delays in refueling hydrogen vehicles. Nozzle surface freezing is known to occur when vehicles are refueled consecutively. The developed model allows consecutive refueling of vehicles and incorporates the actual nozzle material to accurately calculate the nozzle surface temperature. The simulation results indicate that, under the applied boundary conditions, the nozzle surface temperature reaches freezing conditions during the third refueling cycle, suggesting the potential suitability of using hot air or nitrogen after the second refueling. Future applications include exploring different boundary conditions in the developed hydrogen refueling model to simulate internal refueling pressure, temperature and nozzle icing conditions. This optimisation could facilitate decision making for the implementation of hot air or nitrogen, which could potentially reduce refueling time and contribute to cost savings at hydrogen refueling stations, depending on specific environmental conditions. • Charging hydrogen vehicles consecutively results in icing, causing delays. • A simulation model is proposed for consecutive vehicle charging, incorporating the nozzle where icing occurs. • Icing occurs during charging of three hydrogen vehicles consecutively (with a waiting time of 90 s). • After the second refueling, purging with heating air or similar means is considered appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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