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[Display omitted] Biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) is a group of malignant tumors that originate in the digestive system and occurs with a high incidence in China. Few consistent and comparable assessments of BTC disease burden have been conducted at national or subnational levels, and little is known about the demographic, temporal, and geographic patterns of epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of BTC in China. The incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature death and years lived with disability (YLDs) of BTC were comprehensively examined by age, sex, and calendar year in the Chinese population, using the methodological framework and analytical strategies used for the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study. All-age incidence increased from 17,077 to 51,720 between 1990 and 2021, and the age-standardized incidence rate rose by 13.62%; all-age deaths increased from 17,251 to 37,833, but the age-standardized mortality rate fell by nearly one-fifth. The DALYs rose by 89.57% while the age-standardized DALY rate fell by 23.24%. Variations of the tendencies in BTC burden were found between sexes and age groups. Data for each provincial region indicate that coastal eastern provincial regions have higher incidence and YLD levels, whereas northern provincial regions have higher mortality, DALY, and YLL levels. The proportions of DALYs attributable to high body mass index (BMI) illustrate the growing attribution obesity has made, and high BMI usually puts more burden on northern provincial regions. These results provide evidence to support precise, targeted, and customed public health strategies aimed at enhancing biliary tract health among the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global warming, the study of climate change and its impacts has garnered significant attention. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with its unique natural environment and socio-cultural significance, plays a crucial role in climate change and the development of the Chinese nation. Investigating the historical interactions, development, and socio-climatic background of the nomadic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and agricultural ethnic groups in eastern China contributes to understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of how climate change affects the social interconnectivity of different ethnic groups. This paper is founded on an analysis of 450 conflict events between these groups, as reflected in ancient Chinese war chronicles and ethnic relations annals, creating a decadal conflict sequence from the Eastern Han to the Qing Dynasty (25AD-1910AD). The study conducts a correlation analysis and phase-wise statistical comparison between the climate research findings and the ethnic conflict sequence, specifically examining their relationship with temperature. The main findings are: (1) From the Eastern Han to the Qing Dynasty, a total of 876 conflicts occurred between the ethnic groups in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its vicinity (averaging 4.6 conflicts per decade), with 62.1% initiated by the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and 66.6% won by the Ethnic groups in eastern China; (2) The frequency of conflicts is primarily correlated with temperatures in the Eastern region, with a less distinct correlation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During overall warmer periods, conflict incidents were more frequent, with a higher proportion initiated by the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Conversely, in colder periods, there were fewer conflicts, with an increased proportion initiated by the Ethnic groups in eastern China; (3) Unlike conflicts between the Ethnic groups in northwestern and eastern China, the Ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's external expansion was not a primary objective, indicating that the conflicts were mainly driven by regional economic strength and land productivity. The temperature can reduce land productivity by limiting the growth potential of crops and livestock or by reducing the advance to restrict their production. As a result, water resources, as a condition of land productivity variation, and climate became significant backgrounds for ethnic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional boom in digital economy has provided people with remote conversations and socialization while reducing the risk of depression. This study aims to elucidate whether regional digital economy can be a savior for individual depression. The multi-source dataset collects 11,845 individuals from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018 (CHARLS), with the combination of corresponding regional data from China City Statistical Yearbooks. A series of regressions with integrated mediation and moderation analyses are employed to bridge the link between the digital economy and depression. The results suggest that people living in areas with a higher level of digital economy are less likely to suffer from depression. The development of the digital economy helps people find solace or air grievances more easily, thereby reducing the risk of depression. Individual information and communications technology (ICT) engagement is found to mediate the relationship between the regional digital economy and individual depression. Residence type moderates the association between the three casual pairs of digital economy, ICT engagement, and depression. Improved digitization stimulates personal engagement with ICTs, which in turn expands social connections and support. Strengthened social interactions naturally keep depression away. Moreover, the urban-rural differences further confirm the underlying mechanism. Properly embracing the new digital world can therefore benefit from the transformative potential and mitigate depressive outcomes. • This study empirically examines the impacts of regional digital economy on individual depression risk. • Enhanced digitization boosts ICT use, expanding social connections and support, which naturally helps reduce depression. • The urban-rural differences moderate the associations among digital economy, ICT engagement, and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the associations of type-specific bullying victimization and poly-bullying victimization with suicidal ideation is limited and contradictory. This study aimed to examine these associations among school-aged adolescents. A total of 13,258 students from 3 middle schools and 4 high schools in a southern city in China completed a cross-sectional questionnaire in 2019. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations between type-specific bullying victimization and poly-victimization with suicidal ideation. The latent class analysis identified three subgroups of suicidal ideation: low (70.0 %), moderate (24.0 %), and high (6.0 %). Compared with non-bullying victimization in the past year, the corresponding adjusted odds ratios [aOR] (95 % CI) of moderate and high suicidal ideation for only physical victimization were 1.74 (1.15, 2.63) and 2.51 (1.18, 5.38), respectively, for only relational victimization were 1.26 (0.97, 1.62) and 2.48 (1.65, 3.71), respectively, for only verbal victimization were 1.45 (1.17, 1.78) and 1.42 (0.90, 2.22), respectively, for only property victimization were 1.30 (1.03, 1.65) and 1.31 (0.80, 2.16), respectively, and for sexual victimization were 1.38 (1.03, 1.83) and 2.45 (1.50, 3.99), respectively. Poly-bullying victimization was associated with moderate (aOR two = 1.45 (1.24, 1.70); aOR three = 1.70 (1.41, 2.05), aOR four = 2.03 (1.61, 2.58), aOR five = 2.48 (1.74, 3.53)) and high suicidal ideation (aOR two = 2.01 (1.49, 2.70), aOR three = 3.87 (2.86, 5.25), aOR four = 4.55 (3.20,6.46), aOR five = 7.90 (5.06, 12.33)). The research design is cross-sectional, and relevant data was based on self-reports. Different types of bullying victimization were associated with suicidal ideation and poly-bullying victimization and suicidal ideation association shows a dose-response-relationship. • Type-specific school bullying victimization and poly-victimization were associated with suicidal ideation. • Poly-victimization and suicidal ideation association showed a dose-response-relationship, and poly-victimization had stronger relative effects. • Among five type-specific bullying victimizations, experiencing only physical bullying had the strongest independent effect followed by only relational and only sexual bullying victimization. • Consideration of types of bullying victimization might be effective intervention and prevention of suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mpox continues to spread in China, and stakeholders' experiences may help inform prevention and control strategies. Qualitative study. A qualitative study across 14 Chinese cities recruited stakeholders from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and hospitals involved in curbing mpox. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. 15 CBOs workers, 14 CDCs staff, and 13 healthcare workers were recruited. Three theme categories were identified: "Efforts to curb mpox epidemic", including CDCs' epidemic management and health education, hospitals' diagnosis, treatment, and care, CBOs' counseling, publicity, and referrals. "Challenges to curb mpox epidemic", including negative impacts of hospital-based quarantine, lack of specific antiviral drugs, gay identity disclosure concerns, psychological problems, contact tracing difficulties, and inadequate communication and collaboration. "Recommendations for curbing mpox epidemic", including prioritizing supervised home-based quarantine, incorporating HIV-related indicators into hospital quarantine criteria, reducing the cost of hospital quarantine, accelerating the development of vaccines and drugs, enhancing patient privacy protection, psychological training for stakeholders, establishing a task force that comprises personnel who are experienced in contact tracing and strengthening communication and collaboration. Effective control of mpox spread requires strengthening collaboration with CBOs and community healthcare centers (CHCs) and working out a flexible and contextualized mechanism. It also needs to reinforce patient privacy protection and integrate stigma reduction into strategies. Additionally, it is important to include HIV-related indicators in the quarantine evaluation and provide psychological training for stakeholders to help them manage their mental health and improve counseling skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The typical Mammuthus - Coelodonta Faunal Complex dominated the mid- and high latitudes of continental Eurasia during the Mid-Late Pleistocene; the dominant taxa include woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), woolly rhino (Coelodonta antiquitatis), steppe bison (Bison priscus) and diverse horses (Equus spp.), etc. Recent excavations at the Early Pleistocene site Shanshenmiaozui in Nihewan Basin of North China resulted in the discoveries of rich mammalian fossils which include steppe mammoth (Mammuthus trogontherii), Nihowan woolly rhino (Coelodonta nihowanensis), archaic Chinese bison (Bison (Eobison) palaeosinensis) and rich collections of early horse fossil. In Nihewan Basin, a couple of sites (Xiashagou, Shanshenmiaozui and Yeniupo) yielded the Mammuthus - Coelodonta - Bison assemblage, which can be regarded as the closest ancestors of the Mammuthus - Coelodonta Faunal Complex or the forerunners of the later Mammuthus - Coelodonta Faunal Complex. Nihewan Basin bears the richest and most complete fossils of Early Pleistocene Coelodonta and Bison to date, and the juvenile specimens of M. trogontherii also represent the richest collection for its kind and its geologic age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of monitoring changes in the population scores of the most recent version, EQ-5D-5L, in mainland China. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by assessing the EQ-5D-5L scores in mainland China using a nationally representative sample. Data were extracted from the 2021 Survey of Health Index of Chinese Families, which covered 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in mainland China. The survey used a multistage quota sampling strategy encompassing 120 prefecture-level cities. Quotas were allocated to each prefecture-level city in accordance with the 2020 China Population Census. This approach resulted in a final sample of 11 030 eligible questionnaires. The utility index (UI) and EuroQol Visual Analog Scale (EQ VAS) scores were reported for the entire sample (age-gender-urban/rural weighted) and by the characteristics of the study participants. The study participants had a weighted mean UI of 0.939 (SD 0.135) and EQ VAS score of 80.19 (SD 18.39). The most commonly reported problem was anxiety/depression (26.37%), whereas self-care was the least reported problem (6.18%). Those who were male, were younger, lived without chronic conditions and disabilities, had higher levels of education, earned higher monthly household income, and were covered by basic medical insurance for urban employees had higher scores in both the UI and EQ VAS. This study revealed slightly lower UI scores despite a much higher drop in EQ VAS scores whereas China maintained minimum cases of COVID-19 in 2021 compared with the population norms recorded in 2019. Further studies are warranted to unveil the full impacts of COVID-19 outbreaks. • Population scores in both the utility index and EuroQol visual analog scale are influenced by socioeconomic, cultural, and political factors. More than 20 countries worldwide have established their EQ-5D-5L population norms, often updating them regularly. In China, efforts have been made to develop population norms for the EQ-5D-5L. However, none have used a sample covering all provinces and urban and rural residents, despite significant socioeconomic disparities across and within areas. • This study presents population scores of the EQ-5D-5L in a nationally representative sample in mainland China, examining them overall and by age, gender, and urban-rural location. It fills a gap in the literature by reporting EQ-5D-5L results during a period when China experienced minimal COVID-19 cases in 2021 compared with previous population norms studies. • This study provides an up-to-date population score for EQ-5D-5L in mainland China, which can support health economic evaluation and health decision making. It aids in understanding differences in health status among various groups and areas in China, holding substantial implications for public health workers and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China introduced the Intermodal Transport Demonstration Project Policy in 2015, spurring the rapid expansion of sea-rail intermodal transport (SRT) at coastal ports. This policy is of crucial importance as SRT is pivotal in supporting the transport sector's achievement of the "double carbon target". Despite strong policy backing and notable growth of SRT, the impact of these SRT demonstration projects on curbing transport carbon emissions has not been comprehensively evaluated. This study addresses this gap by using panel data from hub seaports across nine provinces and applying a multi-period-continuous difference-in-differences model. The research quantifies SRT's contribution to reducing transport carbon emission reductions as a result of the policy. Key findings indicate: (1) Each 10,000 TEU increase in containerized SRT volume results in a 0.162% reduction in transport carbon emissions, with projected growth by 2025 leading to a 9.02% decrease in emissions. (2) SRT lowers transport energy consumption and carbon emission intensity, fostering a green transformation in energy use. (3) Geographical analysis indicates that policy implementation in the southern region requires further strengthening. This study enhances empirical understanding of low-carbon SRT development in hub ports, emphasizing its critical role in China's transition to decarbonized transport. It also highlights the importance of regional policy effectiveness, offering valuable insights for policymakers striving to promote sustainable transport modes. • Evaluates the impact of China's sea-rail intermodal transport policy on reducing transport carbon emissions. • Uses a multi-period continuous difference-in-differences model with panel data from major ports. • The policy significantly reduces emissions, but regional disparities in effectiveness exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of E-commerce and globalization, the logistics industry has become a new driving force for local economic development, with government-led logistics parks planned and constructed as a powerful policy instrument. Skeptical about whether logistics parks really take effect as expected, this paper investigates the local process of creative destruction in the logistics industry, focusing on how government-led logistics parks bridge between firm exit and firm entry during industrial renewal. Using firm-level data of third-party logistics firms in China from 2003 to 2021 and adopting system GMM estimator method, we verify that previous exit contributes to future entry but varies by the firm type and the city's importance in the regional transport network. Furthermore, we find two major roles of government-led logistics parks: (1) accelerating this process by providing the platform where various resources can be reused and reorganized into high-quality new logistics firms; and (2) prioritizing the rebirths from local existing firms over arrivals from other cities, though with some level of local protectionism. Government policies and planning decisions should maintain such function without inhibiting regional market integration. • The spatial and temporal dynamics of logistics firms are affected by government policies. • The previous exit of logistics firms in a city would affect the future entry of new logistics firms in the same city. • Heavy reliance on existing resources often leads to great multiplier effect. • Logistics parks encourage the firm entry indirectly by facilitating the resource transition from exiting firms. • What logistics parks provide is a place where complexity in the logistics system can be managed and developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A CO 2 combined oxidant method for PRB regeneration is proposed for leachate–contaminated areas near landfill. • CO 2 well-washing technology is used for improving PRBs permeability. • The optimal ratios of oxidants and PRB fillers are proposed to achieve the best regeneration effect. Groundwater contamination near landfills is commonly caused by leachate leakage, and permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are widely used for groundwater remediation. However, the deactivation and blockage of the reactive medium in PRBs limit their long-term effectiveness. In the current study, a new methodology was proposed for the in situ regeneration of PRB to remediate leachate-contaminated groundwater. CO 2 coupled with oxidants was applied for the dispersion and regeneration of the fillers; by injecting CO 2 to disperse the fillers, the permeability of the PRB was increased and the oxidants could flow evenly into the PRB. The results indicate that the optimum filler proportion was zero-valent iron (ZVI)/zeolites/activated carbon (AC) = 3:8:10 and the optimum oxidant proportion was COD/Na 2 S 2 O 8 /H 2 O 2 /Fe2+ = 1:5:6:5; the oxidation system of Fe2+/H 2 O 2 /S 2 O 8 2− has a high oxidation efficiency and persistence. The average regeneration rate of zeolites was 72.71%, and the average regeneration rate of AC was 68.40%; the permeability of PRB also increased. This technology is effective for the remediation of landfills in China that have large contaminated areas, an uneven pollutant concentration distribution, and a long pollution duration. The purification mode of long-term adsorption and short-time in situ oxidation can be applied to the remediation of long-term high-concentration organically polluted groundwater, where pollution sources are difficult to cut off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the mental health of human beings since 2020, especially the young people and the pre-existing marginalized groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the multi-country outbreak of mpox in 2022 additionally posed a significant stress on the most-affected communities (i.e., MSM). This study investigated the level of depressive symptoms and its multifaceted associated factors among Chinese young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in this unique period. In September 2022, a large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted among YMSM aged 18–29 years across six representative provinces in China. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test the various types of associated factors of depressive symptoms. Among the 2493 participants, 65.6 % (n = 1638) reported mild to severe depressive symptoms. The hierarchical regression analysis identified that depressive symptoms was significantly positively associated with unemployment, having substance use in the past 6 months, a higher level of MSM self-stigma, incompletion of COVID-19 vaccination, greater mpox risk perception, and presence of mpox related-like symptoms. This study used the facility-based sampling method to recruit the participants, which may lead to selection bias. Chinese YMSM faced significant mental health challenges during the concurrent epidemics of COVID-19 and mpox, which was associated with their socio-economic status, risk behaviors, stigma, and multiple diseases-related variables. Proactive measures may hold promise as effective strategies for mitigating mental distress among marginalized groups during public health crises. • YMSM experienced severe depressive symptoms in dual-threat context in China. • Identifies key influencing factors across demographic and psychosocial realms. • Urges tailored mental health support for YMSM during health emergencies. • Recommends proactive mental health measures like campaigns and counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the prevalence, correlates, and developmental consequences of divorce among junior high school students in rural China. Specifically, we investigate the connections between parental divorce and student mental health and academic performance, while also examining whether a student's living arrangement after divorce influences these outcomes. Data were collected from 17,955 students across 122 rural junior high schools in China on their mental health, characteristics, and academic performance. Mental health was measured using the self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. About 8.35 % of the students had divorced parents, with increased risk observed for students who were only children, had migrant mothers, or had higher educated mothers (ORs = 4.35, 29.94, and 1.78, respectively; Bonferroni - adjusted p < 0.05). Students with divorced parents exhibited a higher likelihood of internalizing (0.032), externalizing (0.052) abnormality (Bonferroni - adjusted p < 0.001) and scored 0.203 SD lower on the math test (Bonferroni - adjusted p < 0.001). Living arrangements post-divorce, either with a mother or a father, equally negatively impacted student mental health and academic performance, with a mitigating effect observed when grandparental childcare was provided. Our study faced limitations in assessing the influence of grandparental childcare on coping with parental divorce due to challenges in gauging the extent of such support for students residing with a parent after divorce. This study did not empirically find differences by ethnicity; further in-depth case study is needed to better illuminate the findings. Parental divorce among young students in rural China is associated with adverse developmental outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of implementing targeted programs in rural China to mitigate these risks and provide support for young students with divorced parents. • 8.45 % of 17,955 rural Chinese junior high students have divorced parents. • Only child status, high maternal education, and maternal migration are correlated with divorce. • Students with divorced parents had higher SDQ abnormality risk and lower math test scores. • Living with either parent post-divorce impacts SDQ and math scores; grandparental childcare helps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the seeming end of the COVID-19 epidemic, international focus is rethinking its spillover consequences, such as on the routine provision and usage of healthcare. This study uses China's national death records to estimate the potential spillover effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality of non-COVID diseases in China, such as chronic diseases and mental disorders. A longitudinal study. Using the difference-in-difference strategy, our results showed a sizeable increase in total non-COVID deaths and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, mental diseases, and suicide. Notably, the deaths from diabetes and suicide increased by 4.60% and 7.08%, respectively, relative to the regions without pandemic cases in the first outbreak and escalated by 3.57% and 5.00%, respectively, when the control group switched to the same period in 2019. These results documented adverse spillover effects of COVID-19 on mortality of non-COVID diseases, suggesting inadequate provision and utilization of regular healthcare. The government and healthcare industry should adopt expedient policies for non-epidemic diseases and reallocate health resources to mitigate future pandemics like COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on parent–child interaction (PCI) and its impact on children's weight status is a thriving study area. However, their potential pathways have not been established. This study investigated the association between PCI and children's body-mass index z score (BMIz) examining the role of appetite self-regulation (ASR) as a mediator. Mediation analysis. We included children from 33 kindergartens in Wuhan with parents' consent, measuring children's height and weight, and calculating BMIz. To assess the PCI quality, we utilized the Brigance Parent–Child Interactions Scale. Additionally, children's ASR was tested by satiety responsiveness (SR) and food responsiveness (FR) using the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Quantile regression was employed to examine the PCI-BMIz association, while mediation analysis was conducted to explore ASR's mediating effect on the relationship between PCI and BMIz. Of 3973 children (53.88% boys) included in the analysis, the mean BMIz was 0.24 ± 1.13. The results revealed that children with poorer PCI quality have higher BMIz across all selected BMIz percentiles, except for the 5th percentile. Furthermore, these associations were significant across most percentiles, whether for boys or girls. Mediation analysis suggested that these associations were partially mediated by children's ASR (ind FR = −0.026, P FR < 0.001; ind SR = −0.058, P SR < 0.001), with stronger effects observed among boys. The variation in how strongly BMIz was linked to PCI across different percentiles suggests that children with poorer PCI have higher BMIz. The link is partially mediated through children's ASR. It's important to pay attention to the PCI quality in children with higher BMIz levels, especially in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the age- and sex-specific associations of comorbidities with stroke and MI and further calculate the population-attributable fractions (PAFs) of five comorbid diseases for stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) by age and sex. This is a prospective cohort study. This study leveraged data from a sub-cohort of the China Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) Million Persons Project. Participants aged 35–75 years without a prevalent stroke and MI were enrolled from January 2016 to December 2020, with follow-up through December 2021. Five common comorbidities were collected at baseline, and the study outcome was hospitalization for stroke and MI identified from the Inpatients Registry. Of 100,873 participants, the mean age was 54.2 (±10.2) years, 34.2% were ≥60 years old, and 60.8% were women. After a median follow-up of 3.52 years, 4156 participants had stroke/MI. The strengths of the associations between hypertension, diabetes, and obesity with stroke/MI were higher in younger individuals than in seniors, and obesity had a more hazardous impact on stroke/MI in men than in women. The five comorbidities collectively explained a higher population attributable fraction (PAF) for stroke/MI in the young group (51.5[46.9, 55.7] %) than in the senior group (41.3[37.0, 45.4] %), in men (45.6[40.9, 49.9] %) than in women (41.1[36.1, 45.7] %). Most of the common comorbidities were significantly associated with stroke and MI. Several age and sex differences in the impacts of comorbidities on stroke/MI were observed, highlighting the importance of age- and sex-specific preventive strategies to reduce premature stroke and MI. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increase the risk of metabolic abnormalities. However, the metabolic status of children suffering from NAFLD and exhibiting various subtypes of obesity is currently unclear. We aimed to explore the association between NAFLD and metabolic abnormalities in children with different weight statuses. We included 6086 participants aged 6–18 years from the China Child and Adolescent NAFLD Study (CCANS), all of whom had undergone ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) to identify NAFLD and metabolic abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, high triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high total cholesterol, and hyperuricemia. Among the participants, there were 2408 children with obesity and NAFLD, 174 with NAFLD, 2396 with obesity, and 1108 without obesity and NAFLD. The odds ratios (ORs) of suffering from individual metabolic abnormalities were significantly greater in children with obesity and NAFLD than in children without obesity and NAFLD, with ORs ranging from 6.23 (95% CI: 4.56, 8.53) to 1.77 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.94). The ORs of metabolic abnormalities, except for low HDL-C, were greater in children with NAFLD alone than in children without obesity or NAFLD, with ORs ranging from 4.36 (95% CI: 2.77, 6.84) to 2.08 (95% CI: 1.14, 3.78). Notably, obesity and NAFLD had a multiplicative effect on overall metabolic abnormalities, high TG levels, and low HDL-C levels. Children with obesity and NAFLD could be at a significantly increased risk of metabolic abnormalities. Even for children without obesity, NAFLD appears to be associated with an increased risk of experiencing a worsened metabolic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of rhetorical devices and how corporate leaders organise the texts and convey attitudes to stakeholders in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports has become an important research area in recent years. A relatively neglected means of rhetorical expressions, however, is metadiscursive nouns. This study investigates the use of metadiscursive nouns in a 0.5-million-word self-built corpus of the US and Chinese CEO letters in CSR reports to reveal cross-cultural variations. The results show that the interactive metadiscursive nouns are twice as frequent in the US discourse as in the Chinese discourse, demonstrating greater efforts invested in cohesion by the US companies. This difference can be attributed to the writer-responsible rhetoric in the West and the reader-responsible conventions in China. The interactional metadiscursive nouns in the US discourse occur twice as frequently as in the Chinese counterpart, suggesting greater exertion of nominal stance by the US companies. This discrepancy mainly arises from the high- and low-context variations between the US and China. This study sheds new insights on metadiscursive nouns as rhetorical resources in cross-cultural CSR communication and provides implications for ESP practitioners to use them as a means of conceptualising writer–reader interaction in corporate communication. • The US texts use more interactive metadiscursive nouns than the Chinese texts. • The US texts use more interactional metadiscursive nouns than the Chinese texts. • The US discourse reflects writer-responsible rhetoric and low-context culture. • The Chinese discourse reveals reader-responsible rhetoric and high-context culture. • Metadiscursive nouns are key rhetorical resources in cross-cultural CSR discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean temperature, redox state, circulation, and nutrient levels regulate the marine nitrogen (N) cycle, yet their specific impacts during greenhouse intervals remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the Smithian–Spathian hyperthermal event (∼250.5 Ma) during the Early Triassic greenhouse using stable N isotopes (δ15N) from sedimentary records in the Nanpanjiang Basin and Northern Yangtze Basin of South China. The δ15N profiles in both basins reveal consistent trends that correspond to fluctuations in temperature across the Smithian–Spathian transition. The Smithian hyperthermal interval exhibited low δ15N values (mostly <+2‰), indicating N deficiency and enhanced biological N 2 fixation. Bacterial blooms and the release of the potent greenhouse gas N 2 O, enhanced by high temperatures, may have triggered positive feedback mechanisms that sustained the warming and contributed to the late Smithian extinction. During subsequent cooling across the Smithian–Spathian transition, δ15N increased to a range of +3‰ to +7‰, likely reflecting signals of partial denitrification based on reconstruction of the NO 3 − inventory associated with oceanic cooling and oxygenation. The prevailing increases in sedimentary TOC/TN ratios signify heightened deamination (removal of amino groups) and N recycling across the Smithian–Spathian boundary. This transition is likely attributed to cooling-driven amelioration of seawater stratification and anoxia from the Smithian to the Spathian, which resulted in increased nitrate availability in the photic zone. Eukaryotic algae thrived while prokaryotes declined during the Spathian, evidenced by elevated δ15N and Δ13C carb-org (the difference between carbonate and organic carbon isotopes). The proliferation of eukaryotic algae had a positive impact on environmental conditions and facilitated biotic recovery due to more efficient burial of organic particles. A notable latitudinal gradient in the N cycle response was observed, with low-latitude regions showing a more pronounced response to cooling compared to mid-latitude areas. This significant gradient may suggest that the rapid recovery of nutrient cycles, despite relatively small decline in high temperature, was a key factor in the amelioration of climate and recovery of life in low latitudes. These findings highlight that the marine N cycle is highly sensitive to temperature changes, particularly in low-latitude regions, and that changes in N cycle under high-temperature conditions may be a critical life-limiting factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The post-consumer waste in the food service industry totaled 7.57 Mt. • Waste rates were reported for ten food categories. • The food delivered to a total of 2538 tables over 158 days was measured. • In total, 7759 consumers participated in the study. • Five types of ecological footprints of food waste were assessed. Understanding the current state of food waste is the basis for effective interventions. Based on field research conducted for 133 days, from March to August 2022, and for 25 days in November 2022, totaling 158 days, this study obtained first-hand data on the waste and consumption of 103 food items in ten categories at sample restaurants in different regions and city levels, and of different operation sizes in China. A total of 7759 consumers were part of this study, of whom 10 % them were children. The food delivered to a total of 2538 tables was counted as part of this study, and the average number of people per table in this study was three. The research objective was to measure the quantity, composition, and environmental impacts of post-consumer waste in the food service industry at the national level. It was discovered that: (1) Food waste generated by post-consumers in China totaled 7.57 Mt, or 43.98 g per capita per meal in 2022. (2) Fruit was the most important type of waste at 1.51 Mt. (3) Roots and tubers had the highest food waste rate (53 %). (4) The annual food waste resulted in a carbon footprint of 30.67 Mt CO2-eq, a nitrogen footprint of 393.94 million kilograms (Mkg N), a phosphorus footprint of 53.87 Mkg P, a water footprint of 17.09 million litres, and a land footprint of 4.36 million hectares (Mha). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a large surface-groundwater exchange downstream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and antibiotics upstream may influence sites downstream of rivers. Thus, samples from 9 effluent-receiving urban rivers (ERURs) and 12 groundwater sites were collected in Shijiazhuang City in December 2020 and April 2021. For ERURs, 8 out of 13 target quinolone antibiotics (QNs) were detected, and the total concentration of QNs in December and April were 100.6-4,398 ng/L and 8.02–2,476 ng/L, respectively. For groundwater, all target QNs were detected, and the total QNs concentration was 1.09–23.03 ng/L for December and 4.54–170.3 ng/L for April. The distribution of QNs was dissimilar between ERURs and groundwater. Most QN concentrations were weakly correlated with land use types in the system. The results of a positive matrix factorization model (PMF) indicated four potential sources of QNs in both ERURs and groundwater, and WWTP effluents were the main source of QNs. From December to April, the contribution of WWTP effluents and agricultural emissions increased, while livestock activities decreased. Singular value decomposition (SVD) results showed that the spatial variation of most QNs was mainly contributed by sites downstream (7.09%-88.86%) of ERURs. Then, a new method that combined the results of SVD and PMF was developed for a specific-source-site risk quotient (SRQ), and the SRQ for QNs was at high level, especially for the sites downstream of WWTPs. Regarding temporal variation, the SRQ for WWTP effluents, aquaculture, and agricultural emissions increased. Therefore, in order to control the antibiotic pollution, more attention should be paid to WWTP effluents, aquaculture, and agricultural emission sources for the benefit of sites downstream of WWTPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a leading cause of disability and poor health worldwide and is expected to rank first worldwide by 2030. The aim of this study is to analyze the transition and trend of depression burden in China and various income-level countries by utilizing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Joinpoint regression model. This analysis seeks to comprehend the variations in the burden of depression across different income regions and evaluate their developmental patterns. Based on the GBD 2019 open dataset, this study extracted data on YLD (Years Lived with Disability), DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years), and incidence related to depression. The analysis focused on the period between 1990 and 2019, covering global data and distinguishing between high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, low-income countries, and China. We utilized the Joinpoint regression model to fit the spatiotemporal trend changes among different income-level countries. Pairwise comparisons were conducted to examine the parallelism and to determine if the differences in trend changes among various regions were statistically significant. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized YLD and DALY for depression female were higher than that in male. The YLD total change rate of depression men was higher than that of women. China exhibited the largest disparity in total YLD change rates between genders, reaching 0.08. During 1990 to 2019, the incidence of depression in 2005–2019 increased among females in middle to high-income countries, low-income countries, and China as compare to that of 1990–2005. Notably, China shown the most increase the incidence rate of females (from −0.4 % to 0.84 %). China experienced the most significant change in the YLD of depression during this period (AAPC = 0.45, 95 % CI = 0.41, 0.48, P < 0.01). China's YLD/Incidence rate was higher compared to the global, HICs, UMCs, LMCs, and LICs. In China, the YLD/incidence rate of depression began to rise in 1994, peaking around 2010, and then gradually declining. Since 2010, the growth rate of depression DALYs in China has been higher than the global average, high-income countries, upper-middle-income countries, lower-middle-income countries, and low-income countries. The DALY's AAPC value for the HLCs was the highest (AAPC = 0.24, 95 % CI = 0.22, 0.25, P < 0.01). The UMCs, in comparison to other regions, incidence rate had the highest AAPC value (AAPC = 0.48, 95 % CI = 0.46, 0.50, P < 0.01). Given the significant variations in the burden of depression across countries with different income levels, future strategies aimed at reducing the burden of depression should adopt tailored and differentiated approaches according to each country's specific needs and developmental stages. • Gender Disparities: From 1990 to 2019, the study reveals higher age-standardized YLD and DALY for depression among women compared to men. However, the total change rate for men's YLD was higher than for women. • China's Unique Burden: China exhibited the most significant disparity in total YLD change rates between genders, reaching 0.08. Additionally, it experienced a notable increase in the incidence rate among females, reaching 1.24. • Global and Regional Trends: The research uncovers variations in depression burden among different income countries. High-income countries showed higher age-standardized YLD rates, while low-income countries exhibited the highest change rate in depression incidence. • Gender and Income Disparities: Highlighting gender and income-related variations in depression burden underscores the need for targeted interventions based on socioeconomic and gender-specific factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryogenic hydrogen circulation system is a critical infrastructure of the China Spallation Neutron Source phase II project. Safety considerations related to hydrogen are paramount for the stable operation of the system. This study focuses on the cryogenic hydrogen circulation system within the context of the China Spallation Neutron Source phase II project and conducts a detailed investigation of hydrogen safety issues throughout the process. The operational modes and fault occurrence mitigation strategies of the cryogenic hydrogen circulation system are analyzed and discussed. Additionally, employing centralized layout, zoning management, and multiple barrier layers as guiding concepts for hydrogen safety design, the study addresses physical and interlocking control designs concerning hydrogen distribution, hydrogen venting, vacuum, hydrogen circulation pressure control, and hydrogen leakage. Drawing upon the successful experiences of the first-phase project, the hydrogen safety design of the cryogenic hydrogen circulation system in the China Spallation Neutron Source phase II project provides valuable insights for the development and optimization of hydrogen safety designs across various industrial domains. • Cryogenic hydrogen circulation system of CSNS-Ⅱ is introduced. • Principles and concepts of hydrogen safety in CSNS-Ⅱ are elucidated. • Operational modes and fault analysis of hydrogen circulation system are presented. • Physical and interlock control designs of hydrogen-related system are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of phenol wastewater in China, a new porous ceramic granules (PCG) with the function of degrading phenol wastewater was prepared by using titanium-containing blast furnace slag, iron tailings and fly ash as raw materials, which realized the sustainable development of "treating waste with waste". The effects of different pore forming agents on the structure, morphology, ionic state of PCG samples and the adsorption behavior of phenol in aqueous solution were investigated. The results show that the change of pore forming agent has no obvious change on the crystal structure. When carbon powder (CP) and starch (SH) are used as pore forming agents, the internal pore structure is relatively dense and less porous, and it is not easy to form liquid channels. When ammonia bicarbonate (NH) is used as pore-forming agents, the internal pore structure is very developed and has many three-dimensional pore structures. Under the conditions of PH 2, phenol concentration 10 mg/L and solid-liquid ratio 3 g/L, TOC removal rates of CP-PCG, SH-PCG and NH-PCG samples after 72 h adsorption reaction were 39.10 %, 14.00 % and 93.29 %, respectively. In addition, the surface functional groups, hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions of PCG samples may be involved in the adsorption of phenol. This work not only provides a low-cost, environmentally friendly and simple technology for phenol-containing wastewater treatment, but also provides a new idea for the effective use of solid waste resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A tripartite evolutionary game model of participation in recycling is constructed. • The government does not provide enough incentives for consumers. • In this recycling system, the government will gradually reduce its regulation. • The regulation of power battery recycling by the Chinese government is imperfect. • Improving compensation can improve consumers' recycling enthusiasm. While electric vehicles (EVs) are developing at a high speed in China, the power battery market is facing a decommissioning peak. The problem is that the recycling situation of domestic power batteries is not ideal, partly due to neglect by consumers. By considering the recycling system, mode, and policy of China's EV power batteries, we construct a tripartite evolutionary game model of the government, consumers and EV manufacturers; analyse the stable strategy adjustment mechanisms of tripartite participation in this recycling cooperation game; and simulate the tripartite evolutionary game. The results show that when the initial willingness of the government, consumers and EV manufacturers to recycle power batteries is not strong, the government takes the lead, driving EV manufacturers and consumers to participate in power battery recycling. When the government, consumers and EV manufacturers have medium or high levels of initial willingness, the government evolves and chooses a nonregulation strategy. In addition, by simulating the impact of changes in consumer-related influencing factors on this tripartite evolutionary game, we find that subsidies for recycling power batteries are a key factor affecting consumers' strategy choices and that boosting recycling compensation for consumers can improve their enthusiasm to participate in such recycling. Therefore, to improve the recycling of power batteries for EVs, in terms of both efficiency and percentage of deployment, the Chinese government should strengthen public education on power battery recycling, further integrate informal recycling channels, and balance the distribution of profits among consumers for recycling compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the high prevalence of adolescent mental health problems, promoting understanding and implementation of protective factors is crucial for prevention and intervention efforts addressing adolescent mental health problems. This study aims to investigate whether consistency and inconsistency in protective factors are associated with adolescent mental health problems and to inform adolescent mental health interventions that target the unique needs of adolescents and promote adolescent mental health. We used multistage cluster sampling to conduct psychological resilience, social support, and mental health questionnaires from April to June 2023 among 10,653 Chinese adolescents (52.3 % were boys). Data were analyzed using polynomial regressions with response surface analysis. The higher levels of psychological resilience and social support in adolescents were associated with fewer mental health problems (anxiety: a1 = −1.83, P < 0.001; depression: a1 = −2.44, P < 0.001; and perceived stress: a1 = −1.20, P < 0.001). When the level of psychological resilience was greater than social support, the greater the discrepancy the higher the perceived stress among adolescents (a3 = 1.19, P < 0.001). Moreover, the consistency of psychological resilience and social support had a greater impact on girls' mental health (anxiety: a1 = −1.97, P < 0.001; depression: a1 = −2.71, P < 0.001; perceived stress: a1 = −1.23, P < 0.001). The cross-sectional study design limited the inference of causal relationships between variables. These results emphasize that adolescents need a balanced development of protective factors and targeted intervention programs for different mental health problems. • China's early adolescents have higher prevalence of anxiety, depression and perceived stress. • Consistency between resilience and social support levels is associated with fewer mental health problems in adolescents. • The lower the level of social support is than resilience, the higher the adolescent's perceived stress. • Consistency of psychological resilience and social support has a greater impact on girls' mental health. • This study emphasizes the importance of balanced developmental protective factors for adolescent mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) has been implicated in various health concerns. However, a comprehensive understanding of the specific PM 2.5 components affecting depression remains limited. This study conducted a Cox proportional-hazards model to assess the effect of PM 2.5 components on the incidence of depression based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants with 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) score of 10 or higher were classified as exhibiting depression. Our findings demonstrated a significant positive correlation between long-term exposure to black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO 4 2−), and organic matter (OM) components of PM 2.5 and the prevalence of depression. Per 1 Interquartile Range (IQR) increment in 3-year average concentrations of BC, OM, and SO 4 2− were associated with the hazard ratio (HR) of 1.54 (95 % confidence intervals (CI): 1.44, 1.64), 1.24 (95% CI : 1.16, 1.34) and 1.25 (95% CI : 1.16, 1.35). Notably, females, younger individuals, those with lower educational levels, urban residents, individuals who were single, widowed, or divorced, and those living in multi-story houses exhibited heightened vulnerability to the adverse effects of PM 2.5 components on depression. Firstly, pollutant data is confined to subjects' fixed addresses, overlooking travel and international residence history. Secondly, the analysis only incorporates five fine particulate components, leaving room for further investigation into the remaining fine particulate components in future studies. This study provides robust evidence supporting the detrimental impact of PM 2.5 components on depression. The identification of specific vulnerable populations contributes to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the relationship between PM 2.5 components and depression. • This study explore the association between PM 2.5 components and depression. • Black carbon, sulfate, and organic matter have significant impacts on depression. • Females, who living in multi-story house were susceptible to the PM 2.5 components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depressive symptoms (DS) have become a global public health problem. However, a risk prediction model for DS in the elderly population has not been established. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a predictive nomogram to screen for DS in the elderly population. A cross-sectional data of 3396 participants aged 60 and over were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018 (CHARLS). Participants were divided into the development and validation set. Predictive factors were selected through a single-factor analysis, and then a predictive model nomogram was established. The discrimination, calibration, and clinical validity were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Hosmer-Lemeshow tests, and decision curve analyses (DCA). A total of 2379 and 1017 participants were included in the development and validation set, respectively. The analysis found that gender, residence, dyslipidemia, self-rated health, and ADL disability were risk factors for DS in older adults, and were included in the final model. This nomogram showed an acceptable predictive performance as evaluated by the area under the ROC curve with values of 0.684 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.663–0.706) and 0.687 (95 % CI: 0.655–0.719) in the development and validation set, respectively. The calibration curve indicated that the model was accurate, and DCA demonstrated a good clinical application value. Five factors were selected to establish a nomogram for predicting DS in older adults. The nomogram has a good evaluation performance and can be used as a reliable tool to predict DS among older adults. • Developed and validated a predictive nomogram to screen for depressive symptoms in the elderly. • Identified gender, residence, dyslipidemia, self-rated health, and ADL disability as risk factors. • Model demonstrated accuracy through calibration curves and good clinical application value. • Provides a tool for quick identification of at-risk elderly, aiding targeted interventions. • Significant practical value in areas with limited professional operators and resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the mediating and moderating effect of health-promoting lifestyles on the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms to provide a practical reference for effectively promoting the mental health of older adults. A cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling older adults (n = 3107) was conducted in three cities of Ningxia Province, China. Depressive symptoms, frailty, and health-promoting lifestyles were assessed through the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale, frailty scale, and health-promoting Lifestyle profile-II, respectively. The Bootstrap methods PROCESS program is employed to test the mediation and moderation model. The findings indicated that health-promoting lifestyles are negatively related to depressive symptoms and frailty, while frailty is positively associated with depressive symptoms. Health-promoting lifestyles have mediated the relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms. Besides, the health-promoting lifestyles weakened the positive relationship between frailty and depression symptoms; there existed a moderating effect of health-promoting lifestyles on the relationship between frailty and depression symptoms among older adults. Given the cross-sectional study, it is impossible to make causal inferences. A health-promoting lifestyle might be a protective factor for older adults' health in China. The mediating and moderating effect of a health-promoting lifestyle on the relationship between frailty and depression symptoms among older adults should be integrated to achieve maximum utility. Healthcare practitioners and medical service personnel are recommended to advance health education and publicity, encouraging healthy lifestyles among community-dwelling older adults with frailty to prevent depressive symptoms and promote healthy aging. • Focusing on frailty and depressive symptoms among the Chinese older adults • The relationship is mediated and moderated by health-promoting lifestyle. • First study to explore the moderated and mediated model of the study variables • The relationship should be integrated to achieve maximum utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The short-term adverse effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and ozone (O 3) on anxiety disorders (ADs) remained inconclusive. We applied an individual-level time-stratified case-crossover study, which including 126,112 outpatient visits for ADs during 2019–2021 in Guangdong province, China, to investigate the association of short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and O 3 with outpatient visits for ADs, and estimate excess outpatient visits in South China. Daily residential air pollutant exposure assessments were performed by extracting grid data (spatial resolution: 1 km × 1 km) from validated datasets. We employed the conditional logistic regression model to quantify the associations and excess outpatient visits. The results of the single-pollutant models showed that each 10 μg/m3 increase of PM 2.5 and O 3 exposures was significantly associated with a 3.14 % (95 % confidence interval: 2.47 %, 3.81 %) and 0.88 % (0.49 %, 1.26 %) increase in odds of outpatient visits for ADs, respectively. These associations remained robust in 2-pollutant models. The proportion of outpatient visits attributable to PM 2.5 and O 3 exposures was up to 7.20 % and 8.93 %, respectively. Older adults appeared to be more susceptible to PM 2.5 exposure, especially in cool season, and subjects with recurrent outpatient visits were more susceptible to O 3 exposure. As our study subjects were from one single hospital in China, it should be cautious when generalizing our findings to other regions. Short-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 was significantly associated with a higher odds of outpatient visits for ADs, which can contribute to considerable excess outpatient visits. • Exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and O 3 was associated with an increased odds of outpatient visits for anxiety disorders. • PM 2.5 and O 3 exposures were attributable to considerable excess outpatient visits. • Older adults were more susceptible to PM 2.5 exposure, especially in cool season. • Subjects with recurrent outpatient visits were more susceptible to O 3 exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geometric similarity between two sets of coordinates should be assumed for frame alignment. When aligning Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positions with seasonal variations to the linear Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF), non-negligible aliasing errors of transformation parameters can appear and bias the station positions. The recent release of the seasonally augmented International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2020 (ITRF2020) necessitates an investigation into the impacts of seasonal terms on the alignment of regional networks. Using four-year of GPS data for Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) stations, we realize five sets of regional reference frames (RFs) aligned to the linear ITRF2020 (REF-LIN), the seasonal ITRF2020 (REF-FRQ), the linear ITRF2020 augmented either with seasonal signals or with full signals from loading models (REF-FIT and REF-NTL), and the combination of seasonal displacements from ITRF2020 and sub-seasonal signals from loading model (REF-CMB). Our analysis revealed that the augmented ITRF2020 had significant impact on the global stations used for frame alignment. Aligning daily solutions to the augmented ITRF2020 instead of the linear ITRF2020 resulted in a noticeable root mean square (RMS) decrease for over 70% of global stations. The REF-CMB method was the most preferred for frame alignment of global networks, with the largest decreased RMS of 0.3 and 1.0 mm in horizontal and vertical components. This indicates that most true signals are preserved in the aligned daily solutions. For regional network, we found only marginal impacts on regional stations in terms of linear velocity, residuals of time series stacking between the augmented solutions and REF-LIN. However, the larger discrepancies are noticed between annual estimates and loading model for the vertical component of REF-CMB and REF-FRQ, compared to RER-LIN solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen power and electric vehicle rollout are among the global mitigation efforts for net-zero emission targets. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) is a promising embodiment of these two climate-neutral levers. Nevertheless, insufficient investigation of the life cycle of hydrogen production pathways and supply-demand mismatching jeopardize the optimal implementation of HFCV. A novel integrated framework combining life cycle greenhouse gas assessment and intra-regional supply-demand optimization method is developed to (1) evaluate the emissions performance for six typical HFCV hydrogen production pathways and (2) map out the optimal intra-regional hydrogen supply-demand allocation based on the trade-off between resource flow and geographical proximity. As one of the world's largest HFCV producers and consumers, China is chosen as the case study. The life cycle emissions assessment reveals that the Natural Gas Steam Methane Reforming (NG_SMR) pathway emits the most greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (i.e., 0.215 g CO 2 -eq/kJ H 2) while the Clean Energy_Water Electrolysis (CE_WE) pathway emits the least GHG emissions (i.e., 0.02 g CO 2 -eq/kJ H 2), stretching a 10-times emission difference. For intra-regional supply-demand optimization, provinces like Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Shandong act as the main suppliers (>50% of the total hydrogen source in China) to provinces like Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Sichuan, suggesting a north-to-south (N-S) regional hydrogen transmission. A sensitivity analysis is conducted based on the variation in production efficiency among different hydrogen production technologies in the HFCV value chain. The results inferred that the Coal Gasification & Carbon Capture and Storage (C l G & CCS) and CE_WE pathways are insensitive to efficiency improvement. In the scenario analysis, the outcome suggested urgently phasing out grey hydrogen pathways and accelerating the transition of grey-to-green hydrogen production pathways with the buffering of blue hydrogen pathways between 2015 and 2040 for the net-zero emission ambition by 2060. This study enlightens the decision-makers to endorse green hydrogen production for HFCV while securing hydrogen energy security. [Display omitted] • Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles accelerate low carbon transition in transportation sector. • Hydrogen resource allocation is one of the challenges developing fuel cell vehicle. • Life cycle assessment and intra-regional supply-chain optimization are coupled. • The integrated framework suggests a north-to-south hydrogen delivery in China. • Blue hydrogen pathway serves as an intermediate between grey-to-green transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions (CAMx)–Decoupled Direct Method (DDM) simulations of first-order ozone (O 3) sensitivity to nitrogen oxides (NO x) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions were performed and combined with modelled P H 2 O 2 / P HN O 3 ratios to obtain a range of thresholds for determining O 3 -sensitivity regimes for different areas of China. Utilising the new threshold ranges for photochemical indicators, the method for determining O 3 formation in the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology (OSAT) module within CAMx was improved by a dynamically varied threshold of P H 2 O 2 / P HNO 3 ratio. The O 3 concentration contributions in the newly added transition regime were apportioned to NO x and VOCs emissions in proportion to the relationship between the P H 2 O 2 / P HNO 3 ratio and first-order O 3 sensitivity. The source contributions of O 3 concentrations from different emission sectors from June to September 2019 were compared using the original and improved CAMx-OSAT. The results showed that the O 3 concentration contributions changed significantly in the NO x -limited regime, with a maximum decrease of 21.89%, while the contributions increased by up to 7.57% in the VOC-limited regime, and were within 15 µg/m3 in the transition regime. The modified OSAT module enabled a more sophisticated attribution of O 3 to precursor emissions and may have far-reaching implications for informing O 3 pollution control policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to develop an effective risk-prediction score (RPS) to improve screening efficiency and contribute to secondary prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). Screening for colorectal lesions. 14,398 high-risk individuals aged 50–65 years were included. The baseline characteristics of participants with and without colorectal lesions (CL) were compared using a Chi-squared test. The overall population was randomly split into a training set and a test set in the ratio of 80% and 20%. One-factor and multifactor logistic regression analyses were performed in the training set to construct the RPS (scores of 0–9.62). Area under curve (AUC) was calculated as an estimate of predictive performance using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve in the test set. In the study population, being male, advanced age, current or previous smoking, weekly alcohol consumption, high body mass index (BMI ≥24 kg/m2), and previously detected colonic polyp were associated with higher risk of CL. Compared to the low-risk group (0–2.31 points), the ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the moderate-risk group (2.31–3.85 points) and high-risk group (3.85–8.42 points) were 1.58 (1.44, 1.73) and 2.52 (2.30, 2.76), respectively. For every 1-point increase in score, participants had a 27% increased risk of CL (OR:1.27, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.30). For participants with CL predicted by RPS, the area under the working characteristic curve was 0.61 (P < 0.001). Our RPS can quickly and efficiently identify multiple lesions of the colorectum. Combining RPS with existing screening strategies facilitates the identification of very high-risk individuals and may help to prevent CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the burden of early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in China over three decades. A comprehensive analysis was performed using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Data on early-onset GI cancers in 2020 and from 1990 to 2019 were extracted from GLOBOCAN 2020 database and GBD 2019, respectively. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to analyze the temporal trends using the Joinpoint Regression Program. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict future trends up to 2030. In China, there were 185,980 incident cases and 119,116 deaths of early-onset GI cancer in 2020, with the highest incidence and mortality observed in liver cancer (new cases: 71,662; deaths: 62,412). The spectrum of early-onset GI cancers in China has transitioned over the last 30 years. The age-standardized rates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years for colorectal and pancreatic cancers exhibited rapid increases (AAPC >0, P ≤ 0.001). The fastest-growing incidence rate was found in colorectal cancer (AAPC: 3.06, P < 0.001). Despite the decreases in liver, gastric, and esophageal cancers, these trends have been reversed or flattened in recent years. High body mass index was found to be the fastest-growing risk factor for early-onset GI cancers (estimated annual percentage change: 2.75–4.19, P < 0.05). Projection analyses showed an increasing trend in age-standardized incidence rates for almost all early-onset GI cancers during 2020–2030. The transitioning pattern of early-onset GI cancers in China emphasizes the urgency of addressing this public health challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of care for patients may be partly determined by the time they are admitted to the hospital. This study was conducted to explore the effect of admission time and describe the pattern and magnitude of weekly variation in the quality of patient care. A retrospective observational study. Data were collected from the Medical Care Quality Management and Control System for Specific (Single) Diseases in China. A total of 238,122 patients treated for acute ischemic stroke between January 2015 and December 2017 were included. The primary outcomes were completion of the ten process indicators and in-hospital death. The quality of in-hospital care varied according to hospital arrival time. We identified several patterns of variation across the days of the week. In the first pattern, the quality of four indicators, such as stroke physicians within 15 min, was lowest for arrivals between 08:00 and 11:59, increased throughout the day, and peaked for arrivals between 20:00 and 23:59 or 00:00 and 03:59. In the second pattern, the quality of four indicators, such as the application of antiplatelet therapy within 48 h, was not significantly different between days and weeks. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality between the different admission times. The effect of admission time on the quality of in-hospital care of patients with acute ischemic stroke showed several diurnal patterns. Detecting the times when quality is relatively low may lead to quality improvements in health care. Quality improvement should also focus on reducing diurnal temporal variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to characterize the most updated utilization of eye care services and obtain a holistic understanding of barriers among patients with diabetes in China. This was a convergent mixed methods study. A convergent triangulation mixed methods approach was used, with a quantitative cross-sectional survey of patients with diabetes and semistructured interviews involving patients and health workers. Following the conceptual framework of the World Health Organization Determinants of Health Behaviours, multivariate logistic regression for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative data were used to examine barriers to seeking eye care among patients with diabetes. Triangulation was used to integrate quantitative and qualitative results. Among 1167 surveyed patients who participated in the quantitative component, 29.1% had undergone eye examinations within the last 12 months, and 9.3% had received eye surgery. Awareness that diabetes causes eye diseases (P < 0.001) and knowing laser treatment can treat diabetic retinopathy (DR; P < 0.001) were associated with higher examination rates. In the qualitative component, involving 20 patients and 11 health workers, barriers were identified from individual, social, and cultural environmental factors. Integration of data highlighted the complex interplay of these factors in shaping care-seeking behaviors and the importance of non-economic factors, including patients' information about costs of DR services and cultural environmental factors. Diabetic eye care utilization remains suboptimal in China, emphasizing the impact of cultural and contextual factors. Comprehensive education strategies, along with training for primary health workers and task-shifting, are likely to enhance eye care service utilization in underserved settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of suicide and experience intersectional inequalities. The Social Determinants of Health (SDH) framework provides valuable insights into how inequalities can lead to adverse outcomes. This study aimed to employ the SDH framework to identify factors that contribute to suicidal behaviors among this population. 1410 HIV-positive MSM were recruited using a web-based questionnaire, whose mean age was 30.77 ± 6.92 years old. Participants completed questionnaires including baseline information and psychological measurements, such as Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen for risk factors associated with suicidal behaviors. More than half of the participants (53.3 %, 752/1410) had an SBQ score of 7 or higher. Binary logistic regression analysis of structural and intermediary determinants (Model 3) revealed that sexual orientation, stigma (ORs: 1.018, 95 % CI: 1.005–1.032), interpersonal needs (ORs: 1.021, 95 % CI: 1.010–1.031), depression (ORs: 1.037, 95 % CI: 1.001–1.074) and entrapment (ORs: 1.018, 95 % CI: 1.004–1.032) were positively correlated with suicidal behaviors. Individuals with other or unknown sexual orientation had significantly higher rates of suicidal behaviors compared to those with a heterosexual sexual orientation (ORs: 5.021, 95 % CI: 1.529–17.640). Sampling of HIV-positive MSM posed challenges in data collection. It may introduce selection bias and affect generalizability. This study identified that sexual orientation, stigma, interpersonal needs, depression, and entrapment were significantly associated with suicidal behaviors among HIV-positive MSM. Additionally, these factors can be social determinants of health that contribute to suicidal behaviors. • This study is the first to apply the SDH framework in HIV-positive MSM. • SBQ scale rather than one or a few questions was used to measure the suicidal behaviors among HIV-positive MSM. • Sexual orientation, stigma, interpersonal needs, depression, entrapment contribute to suicidal behaviors in HIV-positive MSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare professionals are in short supply worldwide, especially in China, which can result in increased stress in the work environment and allostatic load for Chinese hospital staff. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and their relationship with total stress, allostatic overload, sleep quality, and episodic memory among Chinese hospital staff. In this cross-sectional study, self-assessments including Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), PsychoSocial Index (PSI), Pittsburgh Sleeping Quality Index (PSQI), and MemTrax test were used to evaluate participants' anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, total stress, allostatic load/overload, sleep quality, and episodic memory. A total of 9433 hospital staff from 304 cities participated. Anxiety prevalence was 21.0 % (95 % confidential interval (CI) 20.2 %, 21.8 %), while the prevalence of depressive symptoms was at 21.4 % (95 % CI 20.5 %, 22.2 %). 79.8 % (95 % CI 79.0 %, 80.6 %) of the hospital staff had allostatic overload. Poor sleep quality affected 50.4 % of participants, and 32.1 % experienced poor episodic memory. This study utilized a convenience sampling approach, relying on an online survey as its data collection method. Hospital staff in China are facing a stressful environment with a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, significant allostatic overload, poor sleep quality, and compromised episodic memory. It is imperative that local management and community structures enhance their support and care for these essential workers, enabling them to manage and withstand the stresses of their professional roles effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Uses the staggered DID method to investigate the impact of culture on tourism. • The cultural system reform promotes tourism mainly by increasing domestic tourism revenues. • Analyzes the complex factors influencing cultural tourism. • Explores potential mechanisms by which the cultural system reform affect tourism. Culture is the cornerstone of regional tourism development, yet the impact of culture is difficult to quantify. This paper utilized a quasi-natural experiment to characterize the impact of culture on tourism. Based on the 295 cities data from 2000 to 2020, we adopted the Staggered Differences-in-Differences strategy to examine whether the Cultural System Reform (CSR) policy could stimulate tourism development. As a crucial component of the institutional reform framework in China, CSR is a pivotal policy aimed at exploring cultural productivity and fostering the development of culture in accordance with societal demands. The results show that the policy significantly increased the total tourism arrivals and the total tourism revenue. Mechanism analysis shows that the CSR policy boosted tourism development by improving service quality, public cultural infrastructure construction, and media integration development. Geographical conditions, tourism resource endowment, and transportation infrastructure also have an impact on the effectiveness of policy implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic development and industrialization are usually associated with severe environmental pollution. Differently, China's poverty alleviation programs did not compromise its environment for the sake of economic development. China has lifted hundreds of poverty-stricken counties out of absolute poverty following the implementation of various poverty alleviation policies. We take a staggered difference-in-difference approach within a quasi-experiment to examine the effects of "poverty hat" removal on air pollution. Using panel data of poverty-stricken counties in China for the period 2013–2018, we identify the causal effects on PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 concentration reduction. Our results suggest that removing the poverty hat prompted the counties to reduce their air pollution. By studying the mining, photovoltaic, and tourism industries, we find that removing the poverty hat has improved air quality by increasing carbon sequestration and reducing resource depletion. • Uses a staggered DID to examine poverty hat removal and air pollution. • Identifies the causal effects on pollutant reduction. • Checks the channels of resource depletion. • Tests the poverty-environment trade-off at the county level. • Finds evidence through the mining, photovoltaic, and tourism industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited information is currently available on the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculosis infection (TBI) among close contacts of patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) in China. In this study, we estimated the burden of TBI among close contacts using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT) and identified factors associated with TB transmission among this high-risk population. From January 1, 2018 to August 31, 2020, we identified laboratory-confirmed patients with PTB from a population-based, multicentered, cluster-randomized control trial for tuberculosis preventive treatment. Close contacts of these patients were identified, interviewed, and tested using the QFT assay. We estimated TBI prevalence and calculated ORs and 95% CIs for TBI risk factors. A total of 3138 index cases and 8117 close contacts were identified. Of these contacts, 36 had PTB (a prevalence of 443.51 cases/100 000 population). Among the remaining 7986 close contacts; 3124 (39.12%) reported a positive QFT result. QFT positivity was significantly associated with older age (adjusted OR, 1.77; [95% CI, 1.27–2.47], 2.20; [95% CI, 1.59–3.05], and 2.74; [95% CI, 1.96–3.82]) for age groups: 35–44, 45–54, and 55–64, respectively) when compared with a younger age group: 5–14; longer contact duration (adjusted OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.22–1.69); and sharing of a bedroom (adjusted OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18–1.65). Our findings indicate a high TBI burden among the close contacts of PTB. The results also highlighted that contact tracing and investigation for TBI are necessary and beneficial, particularly for those who are older, have had a longer contact duration, and share a bedroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on examining the quantile dependence and directional predictability between airline stock returns and various political variables, including the US-China political relations, geopolitical risks, and partisan conflicts. To achieve these goals, a novel cross-quantilogram method is employed. The findings reveal that directional predictability is more pronounced when airline stock returns and the political environment experience extreme conditions. In addition, the US partisan conflicts index exhibits a more substantial influence on the dependence structure than the indexes of Sino-US political relations and geopolitical risks. Moreover, similarities are observed in the behavior of US airline stock returns given partisan conflicts and geopolitical risks. Finally, policy implications are provided. • The link between airline stock returns and political variables is examined using cross-quantilogram method. • Predictability is stronger during extreme conditions of stock returns and political events. • The US partisan conflicts index affects stock returns more than Sino-US relations and geopolitical risks. • US airline stock returns show similar patterns with partisan conflicts and geopolitical risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in shipping along Arctic routes has resulted in an increasing need for the environmental effects of shipping to be considered. Existing studies on the environmental impact of Arctic routes have focused mainly on shipping operations and have paid little attention to the dynamic features of opening new shipping routes. In light of the continuing retreat of Arctic sea ice, this study aimed to predict changes in China's CO 2 emissions from a production perspective via scenarios of the opening of the Arctic Northeast Passage (NEP) in different future years (2025, 2030, 2035). A shipping cost model was first developed to calculate the changes in shipping costs resulting from commercial use of the NEP. Then, an energy-environmental version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP-E) model and the GTAP-E 10.0 database were used to simulate the changes in CO 2 emissions that may arise from the economic adjustments to the opening of the NEP. The driving factors and possible mechanisms of the environmental effects of the NEP were analyzed based on the simulation results. The re-simulation for the environmental effects of opening the NEP taking emission control policies into account was performed. The findings showed that the opening of the NEP would increase global CO 2 emissions. This effect would gradually increase over time. For China, opening the NEP would initially reduce short- and medium-term CO 2 emissions owing to upgrades of sectoral structure, while ultimately elevating emissions in the long run due to a large expansion in trade and the economy. The economic growth driven by commercial use of the NEP would tend to optimize the Chinese sectoral and energy structure in the short run. Notably, emission control policies would markedly affect the aforementioned environmental outcomes of opening the NEP. • A dynamic projection and mechanistic analysis of NEP's environmental impact is conducted. • The NEP's openness will increase global CO 2 emissions. • China's CO2 emissions will decrease in 2025 and 2030 and then increase in 2035. • Lower emissions are attributed to the upgrading of industrial and energy structures. • Emission control policies will affect the environmental outcomes of the NEP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the linguistic landscape of refurbished historical streets to reveal the semiotic construction of antiquity and commodification of heritage. Based on signage data collected from four historical blocs in Shanghai, Hangzhou and Ningbo in East China, this study reveals how Chinese semiotic artifacts contribute to stylizing antiquity and reinvigorating the space of consumption. Results suggest that the fabricated historical streets sustain the tourism rhetoric of cultural pride and commercial profit by appealing to history, tradition, exoticism, and nostalgia. The study problematizes orchestrated heritage tourism and points to the use of English as potentially subversive in the Chinese linguistic landscape. • History is refabricated and commodified to satiate tourist desires. • Traditional Chinese language serves to authenticate ancient Chineseness. • Access to history-saturated semiotic resources is unequally distributed. • English potentially counteracts the spatial hegemony of historicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural areas was 50.22 %. • Self-management ability of diabetes, depressive symptoms, physical activity, oral health and grip strength were modifiable risk factors of MCI in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural areas. • Currently, there is a relative lack of understanding regarding the treatment or prediction of mild cognitive impairment in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural areas. To determine the prevalence and modifiable risk factors for MCI in older adults with T2DM in rural China. This cross-sectional study encompassed 96 villages, employing a cluster sampling approach to recruit eligible older adults with T2DM as study participants. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify modifiable risk factors associated with MCI. Average marginal effects were calculated. The discriminatory performance of these risk factors in identifying MCI was evaluated by plotting the receiver operating curve and calculating the value of the area under the curve. A total of 898 older adults with T2DM in our study. The overall prevalence of MCI was 50.22 %. Independent associations with MCI were found in poor self-management ability of diabetes (OR = 0.808, 95 % CI : 0.808, 0.766), depressive symptoms (OR = 3.500, 95 % CI : 1.933, 6.337), moderate (OR = 0.936, 95 % CI : 0.017, 0.075) and high (OR = 0.939, 95 % CI: 0.016, 0.100) levels of physical activity, poorer oral health (OR = 2.660, 95 % CI : 2.226, 3.179), and lower grip strength (OR = 0.913, 95 % CI : 0.870, 0.958). The AUC was 0.967 (95 % CI 0.508–0.470). The prevalence of MCI was high among older adults with T2DM in rural areas of China. The self-management ability of diabetes, depressive symptoms, physical activity, oral health and grip strength were modifiable risk factors of MCI. Targeted interventions should be developed and implemented to address these modifiable risk factors, aiming to enhance cognitive function and mitigate the incidence of MCI in older adults with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Explore the impact of AANRA on corporate environmental information disclosure (EID). • AANRA can significantly improve corporate EID by 3.28 %. • Three channels are environmental incentive, ESG engagement and cost constraint. • The AANRA effect varies with firms, industries and regions. • Our findings favour green transformation for enterprises in developing countries. Corporate environmental information disclosure (EID) is an important green signal. While prior literature well documents that the leading officials' accountability audit of natural resources assets (AANRA) can effectively enhance the environmental regulatory pressure of local governments, little is known about whether this pressure can promote corporate EID. Utilizing panel data of 2,073 Chinese industrial listed enterprises from 2008–2021, we employ a staggered difference-in-difference-in-differences approach and identify the causal effect of AANRA on corporate EID. The results show that the EID quality of heavily polluting enterprises in AANRA cities increases by 3.28 % after the implementation of AANRA, and this effect persists. Meanwhile, AANRA does not trigger selective disclosure of enterprises, and its improvement of negative EID is more effective. Our mechanism analysis suggests that AANRA improves corporate EID through environmental incentive effect, environmental, social and governance (ESG) engagement effect and cost constraint effect. Moreover, the effect of AANRA varies with firms, industries, and regions, and it is more pronounced in non-state-owned firms, small firms, growing and mature firms, highly competitive firms, high-tech firms, and firms located in the eastern region, high audit intensity region and better institutional region. Our findings highlight the role of government environmental regulatory pressure in corporate EID, providing new insights into green transformation for enterprises in developing countries like China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work applies a bootstrap multivariate panel Granger causality test to examine the causal relationship between the coronavirus disease 2019, Delta and Omicron pandemic eras and the maritime shipping freight industry across 15 Chinese marine transportation freight stocks through the data from Jannuary 23, 2020 to December 6, 2022. After accounting for both dependency and heterogeneity across these industries, we find support for six of the 15 maritime shipping freight enterprises which display a unidirectional Granger relationship between stock returns and pandemic-related shocks and five of them which demonstrate a bidirectional association. On the other hand, the stock values of three firms in this cohort Granger "lead" the epidemic, suggesting that the adjustment of expectations to external shocks and the efficient market hypothesis could elucidate apparent causal connections. The empirical findings of this work provide important policy implications for the maritime shipping freight industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing instability of the global economy, supply chain shocks have become a significant concern for policymakers. Studies have demonstrated that supply chain shocks adversely influence firms' imports; however, the technological sophistication of exporting, an essential factor affecting countries' status in terms of international division of labor, has not been given sufficient attention. Using a dataset of Chinese firms over the period 2002–2013, we examine the impact of supply chain shocks caused by anti-dumping measures on the technological sophistication of exporting. We show that firms affected by such supply chain shocks experience a decline in the technological sophistication of exporting. We further demonstrate that the impact is channeled through squeezing firms' profits and impeding firms' access to technology spillovers. Moreover, we find that the negative effects are more prominent for firms in high-tech industries, firms without subsidies and those with greater financial constraints. Our conclusion deepens the understanding of supply chain shocks with policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world shifts towards low-carbon energy, many countries are improving energy development by promoting renewable sources such as solar photovoltaics and wind power. Does the promotion of these sources align with the objectives of energy security development? In other words, will it improve energy security? To this end, we use a provincial panel data set of 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2019 to explore the potential impact of the high-quality energy development (HED) process on energy security, and conduct a series of robustness tests. The results indicate that HED can effectively promote China's energy security, implying that HED and energy security can achieve a win-win situation. In addition, we conduct the asymmetry analysis to establish the extent to which HED influences energy security under different energy security levels, which provides a blueprint for China's energy development paths. Finally, some policy recommendations are highlighted for improving China's energy development level to a reasonable extent and formulating relevant energy security policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Factors of CO 2 emissions are examined by Kaya-LMDI analysis in China. • Tapio method is used to determine the decoupling elasticity. • Reductions of energy and carbon intensity decrease carbon emissions' growth. • Carbon emissions and the economy are weakly decoupled currently. The main aim of this study is to investigate how the different drivers regulating incremental CO 2 emissions have evolved in China over seven five-year plans (1991–2022). The study also examines how these different drivers' (including population, economic development, energy intensity, share of renewable energy and its productivity, and carbon intensity) regulating of CO 2 emissions have changed. The results are obtained by employing Kaya identity and logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) methodology. Additionally, the Tapio method is utilized to study the decoupling elasticity history of carbon emissions from China's economy. The decoupling of carbon emissions from the economy due to different drivers is further investigated, and the results may inform and assist policymakers in determining environmentally sustainable policies. The results reveal that the value added of CO 2 emissions reached its highest point in the 10th five-year plan (FYP) and has decreased every year thereafter. Economic factor and renewable energy share factor are the main reasons for the increase in carbon emissions. Those emissions peaked in the 11th and 12th FYPs, respectively, and have been gradually declining in subsequent years. Meanwhile, the energy intensity factor, the renewable energy utilization factor, and the carbon emission intensity factor, as the key contributors to carbon emission reduction, have made monumental contributions to carbon emission reduction. These factors reached their highest levels in the 12th and 13th FYPs, respectively. China was still in a stage of weak decoupling at this stage, but the decoupling elasticity is gradually converging to zero. On an individual basis, energy intensity, carbon intensity, renewable energy productivity, and population factor have a much greater ability to decouple than economic factor and renewable energy share factor. Some implications are offered, including the improvement of population quality, the promotion of a green and low-carbon economy, and the innovation of energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]