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Age-associated decreases in follicle number and oocyte quality result in a decline in female fertility, which is associated with increased infertility. Granulosa cells play a major role in oocyte development and maturation both in vivo and in vitro. However, it is unclear whether a reduction in cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) expression contributes to granulosa cell senescence, and further exploration is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the role of Cry1, a core component of the molecular circadian clock, in the regulation of senescence in ovarian granulosa cells. Western blotting and qRT-PCR showed that Cry1 expression was downregulated in aged human ovarian granulosa cells and was correlated with age and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. RNA-seq analysis suggested that ferritinophagy was increased after Cry1 knockdown in KGN cells. MDA, iron, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were used to detect cellular ferritinophagy levels. Ferroptosis inhibitors, iron chelators, autophagy inhibitors, and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) knockdown alleviated KGN cell senescence induced by Cry1 knockdown. Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and ubiquitination assays indicated that Cry1 affected NCOA4 ubiquitination and degradation through HERC2, thereby affecting NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and causing granulosa cell senescence. KL201, a Cry1 stabilizer, enhanced ovarian function in naturally aged mice by reducing ferritinophagy. Our study reveals the potential mechanisms of action of Cry1 during ovarian aging and provides new insights for the clinical treatment of age-related fertility decline. A proposed molecular model of Cry1 in regulating senescence of human granulosa cells. Cry1 depletion reduced the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase HERC2, which reduced the ubiquitination and degradation of NCOA4, thereby promoting ferritinophagy and inducing granulosa cell senescence. [Display omitted] • Cry1 expression is downregulated in aged human ovarian granulosa cells. • Cry1 induces KGN cell senescence through NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. • Cry1 affects NCOA4 ubiquitination and degradation through HERC2. • Cry1 stabilizer KL201 enhances ovarian function by reducing ferritinophagy in middle-aged mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellite-derived estimates of the Earth's radiation budget are crucial for understanding and predicting the weather and climate. However, existing satellite products measuring broadband outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and reflected shortwave radiation (RSR) have spatio-temporal resolutions that are too coarse to evaluate important radiative forcers like aircraft condensation trails. We present a neural network which estimates OLR and RSR based on narrowband radiances, using collocated Cloud and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and GOES-16 Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) data. The resulting estimates feature strong agreement with the CERES data products (R 2 = 0.977 for OLR and 0.974 for RSR on CERES Level 2 footprints), and we provide open access to the collocated satellite data and model outputs on all available GOES-16 ABI data for the 4 years from 2018–2021. [Display omitted] • OLR and RSR estimates from GOES-16 ABI without radiative transfer simulation dataset. • Strong agreement with CERES data products (R 2 = 0.977 for OLR and 0.974 for RSR). • 4 years of flux estimates for GOES-16 viewing extent made publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thalamus is the principal information hub of the vertebrate brain, with essential roles in sensory and motor information processing, attention, and memory. The complex array of thalamic nuclei develops from a restricted pool of neural progenitors. We apply longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing and regional abrogation of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) to map the developmental trajectories of thalamic progenitors, intermediate progenitors, and post-mitotic neurons as they coalesce into distinct thalamic nuclei. These data reveal that the complex architecture of the thalamus is established early during embryonic brain development through the coordinated action of four cell differentiation lineages derived from Shh-dependent and -independent progenitors. We systematically characterize the gene expression programs that define these thalamic lineages across time and demonstrate how their disruption upon Shh depletion causes pronounced locomotor impairment resembling infantile Parkinson's disease. These results reveal key principles of thalamic development and provide mechanistic insights into neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from thalamic dysfunction. [Display omitted] • Molecular signatures distinguish most thalamic nuclei prior to birth • Thalamic nuclei emerge from four distinct cell lineages • Defects in motor thalamic nuclei formation cause infantile Parkinson's disease Govek et al. describe the developmental trajectory of thalamic nuclei from Shh-dependent and -independent neural progenitors. They show that molecular signatures of thalamic neuronal subtypes can be distinguished prior to their aggregation into histologically distinct thalamic nuclei and that alterations in Shh cause neurodevelopmental disorders attributed to thalamic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Soil C:N:P stoichiometry of Chinese fir and Phoebe bournei forests were monitored. • The P. bournei monoculture had higher soil C, N, and P levels than Chinese fir monoculture. • SOC increased with the age of P. bournei stands. • P. bournei forests might be co-limited by N and P over time. Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), a fast-growing conifer, has been widely planted in south China and is commonly managed in successive monocultures, resulting in severe ecosystem degradation. To recover the degraded lands, forest managers are now replacing C. lanceolata monocultures with slow-growing broadleaved trees, including Phoebe bournei. However, whether P. bournei prevents soil degradation and improves soil fertility are poorly known. In this research, we studied the effects of monoculture and mixed culture of C. lanceolata × P. bournei (experiment 1) and the effects of P. bournei stand age (monoculture and early, middle, and late stages) (experiment 2) on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved organic matter (i.e., DOC, DON, and DOP), and C:N:P stoichiometry at different soil depths in different seasons. In experiment 1, we found that SOC, TN, and TP at 0–30 cm depth or at one or two of the soil depths (i.e. 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) were significantly higher in the P. bournei monoculture and the C. lanceolata × P. bournei mixed culture than in the C. lanceolata monoculture. The C:N ratio at 10–20 cm depth and the C:P and N:P ratios at 0–30 cm depth were significantly higher in the P. bournei monoculture than in the C. lanceolata monoculture. The C:P and N:P ratios at 0–30 cm depth were significantly higher in the C. lanceolata × P. bournei mixed culture than in the C. lanceolata monoculture. Among the three kinds of plantations in experiment 1, soil DOC and DON were generally lowest in the C. lanceolata monoculture. In experiment 2, SOC and TN at 0–45 cm soil depth increased but TP decreased with the stage (age) of the P. bournei forest. C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios were often higher in the late or middle stages than in the early stage or in the P. bournei monoculture. DON at 0–45 cm depth was lower in the late stage than in the other three stages of P. bournei forests. The results indicate that the P. bournei plantation maintained higher soil C, N, and P levels than the C. lanceolata plantation, suggesting that forest conversion from C. lanceolata to P. bournei monoculture or to C. lanceolata × P. bournei mixed culture should help prevent soil degradation in south China. Although soil C sequestration increases with the age of P. bournei stands, limitation of forest growth by N and P also increases with the age of P. bournei stands. These results increase our understanding of soil C:N:P stoichiometry in subtropical forest ecosystems and offer insight into subtropical forest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Highly reactive NH 4 F-mediated gel was employed as nutrient during epitaxial growth. • Both ammonium ions and fluorine ions were vital for enhancing the gel reactivity. • Fabrication of b -oriented MFI film over a broad temperature window of 30 ∼ 210 °C. • Synthetic procedure works well for the substrates with different surface properties. Despite that oriented MFI zeolite films exhibit significant prospects for a wide range of applications due to microstructural superiority, their precise orientation control entails rigorous demands on reaction conditions (e.g., reaction temperature). In this work, we achieved facile synthesis of continuous b -oriented MFI zeolite films with few twins over a wide crystallization temperature range of 30–210 °C through adopting NH 4 F-mediated gel as nutrient during epitaxial growth. Both ammonium ions and fluorine ions were found crucial for enhancing the gel reactivity, endowing epitaxial growth with higher crystallization rates; moreover, the above morphology could be maintained even under fluctuating temperature conditions during film processing, thereby showing great potential for their bath production in a facile and reproducible manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]