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This study is the first record of medicinal plants in the southwest of the Coahuila state, an arid zone where extreme dry conditions prevail. One hundred twenty-two residents (in sixteen communities) were interviewed. The residents were questioned with a questionnaire-guided ethnomedical survey protocol about the various plants used. Seventy-seven species of medicinal plants belonging to 36 botanical families were cited. The highest use-value (UV) was calculated for Lippia graveolens Kunth (0.30); Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (0.20); Eucalyptus abdita Brooker & Hopper , Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. (0.16); Mentha spicata L. (0.15) and Salvia officinalis L. (0.10). Informant consensus factor (ICF) about usages of medicinal plants ranges from 0.41 to 0.80; the highest level of agreement was determined between the informants and Respiratory System Diseases (0.80). The highest fidelity level (FL) values (100%) were identified in Flourensia cernua DC., Artisia ludoviciana Nutt., and Parthenium incanum Kunth to Gastro-intestinal System Diseases; Eucalyptus abdita Brooker & Hopper , Bougainvillea berberidifolia Heimerl, and Lippia graveolens Kunth to Respiratory System Diseases (RSD) and Cyclolepis genistoides D.Don and Ephedra antisyphilitica Berland. ex C.A.Mey. to Obstetrics, Gynecology and Urinary tract Diseases. These last two medicinal plant species ("palo azul" and "pitoreal") used by the rural communities in Viesca in the treatment of urinary tract infections and kidney stones have not been reported previously. These findings can provide new research directions for further phytochemical studies. The present study revealed that the residents are rich in ethno-medicinal knowledge and actively use medicinal plants to treat various diseases. New phytochemical and pharmacological research are needed to confirm the therapeutic potential and safety of the identified plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well recognized that most cancers derive and progress from transformation and clonal expansion of a single cell that possesses stem cell properties, i.e., self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities. Such cancer stem cells (CSCs) are usually present at very low frequencies and possess properties that make them key players in tumor development. Indeed, besides having the ability to initiate tumor growth, CSCs drive tumor progression and metastatic dissemination, are resistant to most cancer drugs, and are responsible for cancer relapse. All of these features make CSCs attractive targets for the development of more effective oncologic treatments. In the present review article, we have summarized recent advances in the biology of CSCs, including their identification through their immunophenotype, and their physiology, both in vivo and in vitro. We have also analyzed some molecular markers that might become targets for developing new therapies aiming at hampering CSCs regeneration and cancer relapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is believed that QRS dispersion (QRSd) is caused by asynchrony of ventricular activation, but there are no studies that prove it. To determine the mechanism that best explains QRSd in surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Cross-sectional study in 95 consecutive patients (median age: 31.0 years [25–52], female sex: 66.3%) with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. All 12 ECG leads were recorded at once, simultaneously with the intracardiac recordings. QRSd was quantified as the difference between maximum (QRSmax) and minimum QRS duration (QRSmin). QRS was measured firstly at a calibration of 20 mm/mV and a sweep speed of 50 mm/s, enhancement 10× (basic measurement [BM]), and after at sweep speed of 150 mm/s, enhancement 80 - 160×. The interventricular dyssynchrony (IVD) was also quantified. QRSmax increased from BM (98 ms [91–103]) to 80× (102 ms [99–108]; p = 0.029) and 160× (104 ms [101.5–110]; p = 0.027). QRSmin, almost equaled the duration of QRSmax at 160× (103 ms [100–108]). With BM, QRSd was 26 ms [22–35] and was reduced 26-fold (p < 0.001) by magnifying the QRS at 160× (1 ms [0–3]). IVD was weakly correlated with QRSd (r = 0.234, p = 0.023), but strongly with the total QRS at 160× (r = 0.676, p < 0.001). When QRS complex is narrow, the best explanation for the origin of QRSd on the surface ECG is the unequal projection of the ventricular depolarization vector in the different axis of the leads. • After QRS amplification, interlead differences tend to disappear. • QRS dispersion is explained by unequal vectorial projection. • Interventricular dyssynchrony is better related to the total duration of the QRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dried stigmas of Crocus sativus , known as "Red Gold," are highly prized for their nutritional and medicinal qualities. These qualities are due to the presence of apocarotenoids such as crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin. The concentrations of biomolecules in saffron play a crucial role in determining its quality and commercial value. Ensuring the purity of saffron biomolecules is crucial for their pharmaceutical and food applications, given their significant potential in these fields. Enhancing cultivation practices and harnessing biosynthesis pathways through genetic engineering are widely used methods to boost the production of saffron biomolecules. Nevertheless, achieving optimal purity and output from the final products necessitates the implementation of efficient extraction methods. Additionally, employing effective identification methods is crucial for attaining accuracy in estimating the quality and quantity of these biomolecules. Hence, understanding the biosynthesis, extraction, and identification methods of saffron biomolecules, along with their significant role in human health and food, holds great importance. There is a need for extensive research to enhance the quality of components used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, surpassing the current studies. Thus, this review provides an overview of saffron biomolecules, including crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin, along with their properties, biosynthesis, and regulation. Furthermore, the paper delves into the various aspects of saffron biomolecules, including sample preparation, extraction, identification, and quantification. In addition, the paper highlighted the possible health advantages and food uses of saffron biomolecules, as well as detailed information on the role of artificial intelligence have been discussed as a cutting-edge tool for studying various aspects of saffron biomolecules. Furthermore, the study has emphasized the future potential and opportunities for further research on saffron and its biomolecules, which can pique the interest of researchers, scientists, and industrial people seeking new and innovative opportunities. • Nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications of saffron have been emphasized. • Chemistry and properties of crocin, picrocrocin and safranal are focussed. • Major extraction and quantification techniques of BACs from saffron are discussed. • Important sensing systems to sense aromatic compounds of saffron are highlighted. • Biosynthesis and the regulatory mechanism of BACs of saffron should be focused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising need for wholesome, fresh, safe and "minimally-processed" foods has led to pioneering research activities in the emerging non-thermal technology of food processing. Cold plasma is such an innovative and promising technology that offers several potential applications in the food industry. It uses the highly reactive, energetic and charged gas molecules and species to decontaminate the food and package surfaces and preserve the foods without causing thermal damage to the nutritional and quality attributes of food. Cold plasma technology showed promising results about the inactivation of pathogens in the food industry without affecting the food quality. It is highly effective for surface decontamination of fruits and vegetables, but extensive research is required before its commercial utilization. Recent patents are focused on the applications of cold plasma in food processing and preservation. However, further studies are strongly needed to scale up this technology for future commercialization and understand plasma physics for getting better results and expand the applications and benefits. This review summarizes the emerging trends of cold plasma along with its recent applications in the food industry to extend shelf life and improve the quality of food. It also gives an overview of plasma generation and principles including mechanism of action. Further, the patents based on cold plasma technology have also been highlighted comprehensively for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biodeterioration of food commodities by microbial pathogens remains a major public health concern. Worldwide, investigations have been carried out to develop harmless natural food preservatives based on essential oils (EOs) to protect food commodities, and advances have been made to meet users' acceptance as a substitute for synthetic preservatives. In recent years, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the EOs from Thymus species have been documented with increasing demands from legislation changes, adaptation to the consumer trends, search for alternatives to solve rising food microbial pathogen resistance, and substitution of synthetic preservatives associated with adverse health effects. Hence, the present review paper emphasizes on the antimicrobial and antioxidant applications of EOs from different species of the genus Thymus and discloses the gaps where investigations are required. In addition, progress in the using Thymus EOs (TEOs) based nanoemulsions in food preservation, and their challenges in the application in food systems have also been discussed. TEOs are rich in pharmacologically active constituents that confirm their industrial and health applications. In addition, TEOs and their nanoemulsions not only provide themselves to exploit in the food industry, but are also put under GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) category, and have shown potential inhibitory activity against a broad range of pathogens in food commodities. Thus, TEOs can be a source for the development of natural preservatives that meet the needs of the food industry to satisfy both its requirements and those of the consumers. However, despite the potential for EOs, more studies are required to assess their probable side effects and safety levels before considering their deployment for food purposes. [Display omitted] • Biological activities of Thymus essential oils (TEOs) were reviewed. • Microorganisms deteriorating foodstuffs were re-studied. • Phytochemical properties of biologically active TEOs were explained. • Exploitation of TEOs and their nanostructures in food preservation was discussed. • Challenges in using TEOs in food systems were addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Local theory and the vectorial theory are used to explain the origin of P-wave dispersion (PWD). There are no previous studies that analyze both at the same time.Objectives: We set out to determine the implication of local and vectorial theories in the origin of PWD.Methods: Cross-sectional study in 153 randomly selected patients aged 18-70 years, undergoing electrophysiological study. Inhomogeneous atrial conduction was evaluated by atrial electrogram dispersion in terms of duration (EGMdurdis) and morphology (EGMmorph dis). P-distal coronary sinus interval (P-DCS) was also measured. P-wave was measured twice, firstly at a calibration of 20 mm/mV and a sweep speed of 50 mm/s, enhancement 10× (basic measurement [BM]), and second time at sweep speed of 150 mm/s, enhancement 80-160× (high precision measurement [HPM]).Results: PWD with BM was 48 ms [36-54 ms] while with HPM it was 4 ms [0-10 ms], p < 0.001. With BM, maximum and minimum P- wave duration presented a moderate correlation (r = 0.342; p < 0.001), using HPM it becomes strong (r = 0.750; p < 0.001). In cases with P-DCS < 80 ms (r = 0.965; p < 0.001), but not with P-DCS ≥ 80 ms (r = 0.649; p < 0.001), the previous correlation became almost perfect with HPM. EGMdurdis and EGMmorphdis were weak but significantly correlated with PWD. This correlation became moderate in patients with P-DCS ≥ 80 ms and disappeared in those with P-DCS, using BM and HPM.Conclusion: Vectorial theory explains almost entirely the PWD phenomenon. Inhomogeneous conduction could be an additional mechanism to explain PWD, but its contribution is small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society has witnessed an increased consciousness regarding the consumption of nutritious food products and associated commodities that encompass biofunctional components (BFCs). These BFCs have the potential to positively impact human well-being. Regrettably, the enduring stability and bioactivity of BFCs in the face of environmental factors undermine their intended and efficacious functionality. Nanoencapsulation is a highly efficient technique utilized to encapsulate environmentally responsive BFCs within nanocapsules, thereby enhancing their stability and bioavailability. Hence, this review investigates the impact of encapsulation on BFCs and explores how nanoencapsulation techniques can be utilized in the food sector to preserve and enhance the functional attributes of naturally present food BFCs. Nanoencapsulation can also facilitate the generation of favorable sensory characteristics (such as aroma, texture, color, and taste), thereby playing a significant role in the formulation and advancement of innovative food and beverage products. Nanoencapsulation is currently witnessing sustained growth owing to its distinct capabilities, broad adaptability, and a wide array of practical uses. The success of nanoencapsulation can be attributed to its well-documented efficacy in preserving the encapsulated BFCs from the surrounding environment. Additionally, it aids in optimizing the delivery and controlled release of the transported active compounds. Hence, in this comprehensive analysis, we have presented the most recent breakthroughs in the development of nanocarriers for the encapsulation of BFCs. Additionally, we have discussed the significant applications of these nanocarriers in the realms of functional food and intelligent food packaging. The primary focus of this review is to prioritize key findings and significant breakthroughs to deliver an advanced analysis of the existing literature. [Display omitted] • Important development and scientific progress in nanoencapsulation have focussed. • Nanoencapsulation of biofunctional components (BFCs) in foods has been highlighted. • Nanoencapsulated BFCs have been stated to boost the functionality of developed foods. • Constraints and limitations for nanoencapsulation of BFCs in food have been indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work analyzes the influence of electric conductivity on the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) signal using a microscopic model which includes the influence of eddy currents. This model is also implemented to explain the dependence of MBN on the frequency of the applied magnetic field. The results presented in this work allow analyzing the influence of eddy currents on MBN signals for different values of the material's electric conductivity and for different frequencies of applied magnetic field. Additionally, the outcomes of this research can be used as a reference to differentiate the influence of eddy currents from that of second phase particles in the MBN signal, which has been reported in previous works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: In trying to contribute to our knowledge on the biology of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) from pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in the present study we analyzed the expression of four cell surface antigens relevant to human hematopoiesis—CD90, CD96, CD117, and CD123—in bone marrow from pediatric AML patients and normal control subjects. Methods: CD34+ CD38– cells (enriched for HSC) and CD34+ CD38+ cells (enriched for HPC) were resolved on the basis of CD34 and CD38 expression. Concomitantly, expression of CD90 and CD96 or CD117 and CD123 was assessed by multicolor flow cytometry in each cell population. Results: CD90 and CD117 were expressed in a low proportion of CD34+ CD38– and CD34+ CD38+ cells and no significant differences were observed between normal marrow and AML at diagnosis. In contrast, CD96+ cells and CD123+ cells were found at significantly higher levels in both cell populations from AML at diagnosis, as compared to normal marrow. Levels of both cell surface markers after treatment remained higher than in normal marrow. Discussion: These results show an increased frequency of CD96+ and CD123+ cells within the CD34+ cell population from pediatric AML; this is consistent with the findings reported previously for adult AML. Our study supports the notion that expression of such antigens should be explored for their use as markers for diagnosis and prognosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] We identified the monomers released by fungal biodegradation of tannic acid in SF and SSF. [•] Potent bioactive phenolics were identified as intermediates of tannic acid biodegradation. [•] Kinetic differences in substrate uptake and product release were found. [•] This is the first work on tracking in monitoring intermediary molecules during the microbial hydrolysis of tannic acid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Biosensor development has recently advanced as a result of their strong and indisputable uses as analytical methods in a variety of sectors, including medicine, food industry, environmental monitoring, metabolism, agriculture, military, and security. The popularity of biosensors as devices for a variety of applications may be ascribed to their distinct advantages of fast or rapid analysis, high sensitivity, minimal sample demand and preparation, and no need for the specific skill of operation that traditional analytical procedures require. We attempted to update earlier studies in this study by incorporating other materials that have been in use but have received less attention, such as carbon nano-onions (CNOs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and biopolymers for biosensor manufacturing and design based on their unique properties. The assessment also took into account applicable applications in many sectors. Although considerable progress has been made in the application of biosensors, there is still a need for research development and enhancement, particularly in transforming most of the laboratory experiments that have already been published into portable on-site and implementable in the public domains. [Display omitted] • This review article emphasized the overviews on the development of biosensors. • Recent progress and practical applications of biosensors are highlighted. • The principle of novel biosensors for various purposes has been discussed. • Application of biosensors in food safety and quality has been reviewed. • The current challenges and future perspectives of biosensors are also stressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging evidence shows the trend of using safe and natural preservatives like bacteriocins in food processing. The increasing demand by the food industry to extend keeping quality and prevent spoilage of various food products has appealed for new preservatives and new methods of conservation. Further, to discover the novel spectrum of antimicrobial compounds that could effectively battle food-borne pathogens, bacteriocins have been intensively studied in the last few years. Recently, great attention has been paid to the application of lactic acid-bacterial bacteriocins targeting food spoilage-causing or pathogenic microorganisms with no significant side effects. Different mechanisms of action like pore-formation, retarding cell-wall/nucleic acid/protein synthesis have been proposed and described for diverse bacteriocins. Therefore, the syntheses, purification of bacteriocins in addition to their applications as antimicrobial and preservative agents in food processing are reviewed in detail. The review will also discuss the preservative effect of bacteriocins and their combinations having multiple modes of action (hurdle approach) to reduce the microbial load as well as antimicrobial resistance. [Display omitted] • Bacteriocins are low molecular ribosomal active peptides formed from microorganisms. • Purification of bacteriocins is a big challenge. • They possess antimicrobial properties against Gram positive & Gram negative bacteria. • They are promising preservative in food products than their chemical counterparts. • Genetic engineering can design bacteriocins with better antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orange residues are an excellent carbon and energy source to obtain high added value compounds through bioprocessing, such as single-cell protein (SCP). This study aims to evaluate the orange peel as the only carbon and energy source for the growth of Candida utilis and evaluate and optimize the SCP production by submerged fermentation. A comparison of three fermentation media was made using different mineral salts and orange peel as the sole carbon source (10%), where each medium was inoculated with 1 × 106 cells of C. utilis at the same conditions of 150 rpm at 30 °C for 96 h. Optimization was carried out with a Box Bencken 33 design. The results showed that orange peel is an excellent source of nutrients, especially in total carbohydrates and minerals such as calcium and potassium. The fermentation results showed greater yeast growth when using Medium 1, obtaining 13.42 g L-1 of biomass. In addition, Candida utilis has the higher consumption of total sugars and reducing sugars in the medium 1 with 81 and 89%, respectively. Optimization of the medium and fermentation conditions was achieved, obtaining 15.71 g L-1 and 6.22% of biomass and total protein, respectively. Therefore, the orange peel is an agro-industrial waste with the potential to be used as a carbon source for the growth of C. utilis. • Orange peel is a nutrient source of total soluble carbohydrates and minerals • The addition of different mineral salts can influence the biomass growth of C. utilis. • The highest biomass production was 15.71 g L-1 and a total crude protein of 6.22%. • The increase in the carbon source concentration in the culture system influences biomass production. • Orange peel is a residue with a potential to be used to produce SCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, we have assessed the in vitro growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients that have recovered after different treatments. Bone marrow cells were obtained from 33 CML patients, including patients at diagnosis, before treatment (n =12), and patients that have achieved hematological remission (and in most cases a major cytogenetic response) after different therapeutic procedures (n =21), including patients treated with Interferon-α (IFN; n =5), imatinib mesylate (IMATINIB; n =8) and patients that received an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT; n =8). Marrow cells were enriched for CD34+ cells and cultured in a serum- and stroma-free liquid culture system, supplemented with a combination of 8 recombinant cytokines. Normal samples were studied as controls. HPC from CML patients before therapy showed deficient proliferation and expansion potentials in culture (140-fold increase in nucleated cell number and 1.3-fold increase in colony-forming cell number) as compared to normal progenitors (1200-fold increase in nucleated cell number and 25-fold increase in colony-forming cell number). In contrast, HPC from patients treated with IMATINIB showed growth potentials similar to those of normal progenitors. Progenitors from patients after HCT also showed significant proliferation and expansion capacities. Interestingly, progenitors from IFN-treated patients showed proliferation and expansion kinetics similar to those of cells from untreated patients. These results indicate that, although treatment of CML patients with IFN, IMATINIB or HCT resulted in complete hematological remission (and a major cytogenetic response), only patients treated with IMATINIB and, to a lesser extent, with HCT showed a full hematopoietic recovery, as determined by the in vitro growth of HPC in our culture system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) arises from the malignant transformation of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) that gives rise to functionally defective progeny, including primitive and relatively mature progenitor cells (HPC). Both HSC and HPC are comprised within the population of CD34+ cells, normally present in bone marrow (BM). In the present study, we have separated two different subpopulations of CD34+ cells from CML marrow: Population I, enriched for CD34+ Lin− cells; and Population II, enriched for CD34+ CD36− CD38− CD45RA− Lin− cells, and assessed their progenitor cell content as well as their capacity to proliferate and expand in response to a combination of hematopoietic cytokines in serum- and stroma-free long-term liquid cultures. The absolute cell numbers recovered in Population I from normal and CML samples were similar; in contrast, we found that Population II from CML was amplified four-fold, as compared to normal. In spite of this latter observation, no significant differences were observed in terms of the absolute number of CFC when comparing Populations I and II from CML patients and normal subjects. Interestingly, the proliferation and expansion potentials of CML cells were clearly deficient as compared to their normal counterparts. Indeed, in cultures of Population I cells the maximum fold increase in total and progenitor cell numbers corresponded to 30 and 8%, respectively, of those observed in cultures of normal marrow-derived Population I cells. Such functional deficiencies were even more evident in Population II cells in which the maximum fold increase in total and progenitor cell numbers corresponded to 3 and 0.5%, respectively, of the levels found in cultures of Population II cells from normal marrow. The present study demonstrates that bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells from CML patients possess functional abnormalities, clearly evident in the in vitro system used by us. Among the two CML subpopulations studied here, the more immature one (Population II; enriched for CD34+ CD36− CD38− CD45RA− Lin− cells) was the one that showed the most severe abnormalities, as compared to its relatively more mature counterpart (Population I; enriched for CD34+ Lin− cells). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Agroindustrial wastes are a significant problem in our society, however, they can be used to generate high-value-added products. Mango (Mangifera indica L.) seed, a waste generated in substantial amounts and rich in bioactive compounds, can be used for the development of nutraceuticals that improve human health. This review describes mango's typical characteristics, waste generation after processing, and the problems associated with its improper disposal. This work focuses on mango seed, highlighting its phytochemical composition, bioactive compounds, and their activities and extraction techniques. It also provides considerations for developing nutraceuticals by studying toxicity, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability, gives strategic recommendations, and outlines the benefits of using mango seed for this purpose. Mango seed has a large amount of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, which possess important biological activities, thus having a high potential for the development of nutraceuticals. However, extraction of these compounds remains a challenge as there are no standard procedures. In addition, the degradation of these compounds could affect their efficacy, so protection strategies are required. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability studies are crucial to ensure their preventive or therapeutic efficacy. Regulations and guidelines for nutraceuticals should be clarified. Process management and scalability strategies must also be designed to facilitate their integration into nutraceutical products efficiently. These considerations are essential to fully exploit the potential of mango seed in nutraceuticals. [Display omitted] • Mango seeds, typically waste material, have potential health benefits. • Mango seed has potential as a raw material for nutraceutical development. • More studies are needed on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of mango seed. • The use of mango seed has environmental, economic, and social benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mushrooms are a source of functional molecules for diverse system-levels. • Huitlacoche is a low explored Mexican edible mushroom with potential health benefits. • Ergothionine shows meaningful attributes, relevant in health and food fields. • Huitlacoche could propel economic, health, pharmaceutical and agricultural growth. Macrofungi, mushrooms or higher fungi have been employed for medicinal and food purposes for decades, nevertheless, also represent, a novel and fruitful source of biologically relevant compounds, that could serve as health enhancers in diverse human illness conditions; specially, mushrooms, are considered a relevant source of the distictive molecule – ergothioneine, an excellent supply of important antioxidant, which boosts human health and shows potential as a preservative in food, promoting their utilization as functional foods, in this context, the present review overviews and complies current knowledge and trends of nutrients as well as bioactive mushroom components including the potential of Huitlacoche and ergothioneine, and the possible health benefits of these biological products and their activities have been explored which enhances the utilization of mushrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of novel food products with functional properties, particularly those that contain bioactive substances and probiotic microorganisms, is driving the rising demand for improved nutritional content. Phytophagous probiotic products assume significance in this manner. These are commonly known as biotechnological formulations comprising beneficial microorganisms with a primary nutritional preference for plant matter consumption. These beneficial microorganisms have been commonly utilized in non-dairy products due to their diverse and significant characteristics, which can influence not only food quality and safety parameters but also various aspects of human health. This present study has conducted an assessment of phytophagous probiotic products, providing a thorough examination of both commercially accessible and scientifically investigated products, along with their associated health-promoting advantages. The information presented in this article will be of great value to researchers and professionals in the industry, as it will help guide future research efforts that should focus on investigating key factors related to vegan food. These factors include consumer preferences, with the ultimate goal of promoting widespread global adoption of veganism. Moving forward, it is recommended that short-term marketing strategies incorporate not only the vegan demographic but also individuals who aim to reduce their consumption of animal-derived products while actively seeking innovative non-animal-derived alternatives. [Display omitted] • the food products demand with enhanced bioactive and probiotic value. • States phytophagous probiotics (PP) as important in non-dairy, plant-based products. • Emphasizes numerous probiotic traits that promote food quality, safety, and health. • Provides deep analysis of PP products detailing with health-promoting properties. • Valuable facts provide for scientists and industrialists, guiding future research on vegan food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) contribute to postnatal vasculogenesis. In venous thromboembolic disease (VTD), they are functionally abnormal and produce high concentrations of TNF-α. To analyze the TNF-α signaling pathway and its relationship with the expression of cell-cycle regulators. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were collected from the peripheral blood of 20 healthy human volunteers (controls) and 30 patients with VTD matched by age (20−50 years) and sex to obtain ECFCs. We analyzed the relative quantification of the gene transcripts of TNF, NFkB1, PLAU, HMOX1, GSS, eNOS, CDKN1A, and CDKN1B through quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR assays). Identification of NF-κB and activated targets of each pathway: NF-κB (Ser536); IκBα (Ser32/Ser36); p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) JNK (Thr183/Tyr185), p53 and cell-cycle regulators: p16, p18, p21, p27, p57, Cyclin D, Cyclin E, Cyclin A, Cyclin B, CDK2, CDK4; cell-cycle status was determined by KI-67 and 7-AAD. Cells were analyzed with flow cytometry and the FlowJo vX software. In ECFCs from VTD patients, TNF-α receptor and NFkB were overexpressed and hyper-phosphorylated; eNOS and HMOX1 were down-regulated; cell-cycle regulators (p53, p18, p21) were elevated. In addition, the cell cycle was locked in the G2 phase. Our results strongly suggest that these molecular alterations in the pathway of TNF-α and cell cycle regulation induce endothelial dysfunction, reduced proliferation potential and vascular regeneration, and consequently, the occurrence of new thrombotic events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the recovery ellagic acid (EA) obtained by solid-state fermentation (SSF) assisted extraction from Mexican Rambutan peel (Nephelium lappaceum L.). For the recovered compound, the influences of Aspergillus niger inoculum, temperature and moisture were evaluated. Maximum accumulation of EA, radial growth of the microorganism, water absorption capacity (WAC) of the rambutan peel and determination of best fermentation conditions were tested. The identification of recovered compounds and EA was performed by HPLC-MS. The total polyphenols (hydrolyzable and condensed assays) and antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH assays) were tested. The present study proposes a biotechnological alternative to obtain, from agro-industrial wastes, a high-added value compound using SSF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: For about 40 years, the biology of human myeloid leukemia (ML) has been studied in different in vitro systems. Throughout this time, semisolid colony assays, Dexter-type long-term cultures and liquid suspension cultures have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the origin and progression of this hematological disorder. By using such systems, it has been possible to identify the cells in which leukemia originates; to recognize a functional hierarchy within the hematopoietic system of leukemia patients; to identify factors, soluble and cell-associated, that regulate leukemic growth; and to study the effects of different antineoplastic drugs. Furthermore, in vitro systems for purging of leukemic cells have been developed. Still, many questions and problems remain unsolved regarding the biology of myeloid leukemia in vitro. This article presents a comprehensive review on the behavior of leukemic stem and progenitor cells, both from acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, in the different culture systems mentioned above. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease that results from the BCR-ABL gene-induced transformation of a primitive hematopoietic cell. This disease has been extensively studied, and, as a result, a very effective therapy has been developed: the tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although, there is a significant knowledge about the intrinsic biology of CML cells, alterations in their bone marrow microenvironment are not yet completely understood. In this concise review, we summarized recent findings on the composition and function of the bone marrow microenvironment in CML, and their importance in the progression of the disease and treatment resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In vitro, Imatinib inhibits the proliferation and stimulates the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). However, it is unknown whether Imatinib affects the biology of MSC in vivo. We asked whether MSC from long-term Imatinib-treated CML patients were affected by the in vivo treatment. MSC from untreated and Imatinib-treated patients displayed normal functional properties (i.e. proliferation, immunophenotype, differentiation and hematopoietic supportive capacity) – but a decreased frequency. In vitro, Imatinib lost its effect when discontinued; which suggest that it has a reversible effect on MSC. Therefore it might lose its effect on MSC after discontinuation in vivo. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon and environmental contaminant, results in several deleterious effects, including fetal malformation and cancer. These effects are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated receptor that regulates the expression of genes encoding xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Several reports suggest that AhR function is beyond the adaptive chemical response. In the present study, we analyzed and compared gene expression profiles of C57BL/6N wild-type (WT) and Ahr-null mice. DNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). UPS has an important role in cellular homeostasis control and dysfunction of this pathway has been implicated in the development of several human pathologies. Protein ubiquitination is a multi-step enzymatic process that regulates the stability, function, and/or localization of the modified proteins. This system is highly regulated post-translationally by covalent modifications. However, little information regarding the transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding ubiquitin (Ub) proteins is available. Therefore, we investigated the role of the AhR in modulation of the UPS and regulation of Ube2l3 transcription, an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, as well as the effects on p53 degradation. Our results indicate that AhR inactivation decreases on liver proteasome activity, probably due to a down-regulation on the expression of several proteasome subunits. On the other hand, AhR activation increases Ube2l3 mRNA and protein levels by controlling Ube2l3 gene expression, resulting in increased p53 ubiquitination and degradation. In agreement with this, induction of apoptosis was attenuated by the AhR activation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Nocardia identification has been based on biochemical and morphological characteristics. However, molecular biology techniques allow a better characterization of species and biotypes that are related to invasive diseases. Methods: Twelve isolates of Nocardia spp. were obtained from sputum of patients with tuberculosis under retreatment. Identification was done based on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests (casein, tyrosine, xanthine, gelatin, and urea) and molecular biology techniques (PCR-RFLP) using restriction enzymes MspI, HinfI, BsaHI, HaeIII and BstEII. Results: Biochemical tests identified the 12 isolates as Nocardia asteroides. PCR-RFLP technique identified nine isolates to species and biotype level: five as N. asteroides type II, two as N. asteroides type VI, and two as N. asteroides type I. The remaining three isolates were identified as follows: one to species level as N. farcinica and two at genus level as Nocardia sp. Conclusions: Significant statistical differences between the use of traditional techniques and PCR-RFLP were not found at genus level, but there were important differences at species and biotype level. Biochemical tests identified correctly the actinomycete isolates as belonging to Nocardia genus, but at N. asteroides complex level were not able to discern among their different species. PCR-RFLP is a rapid, non-expensive, and reliable method that allows to discriminate the N. asteroides complex species, identifying biotypes related to invasive disease. Our results suggest that the hospital environment was not a contamination source. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aplastic anemia (AA) and myelodysplasia (MDS) show great similarities in their biology. To date, however, it is still unclear to what extent hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from AA and MDS share biological properties and what the functional differences are between them. In trying to address this issue, in the present study we have analyzed, in a comparative manner, the proliferation and expansion capacities of bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells from AA and MDS in response to recombinant cytokines. BM samples from normal subjects (NBM) and patients with AA and MDS were enriched for HPC by immunomagnetic-based negative selection. Selected cells were cultured in the absence (control) or in the presence of early-acting cytokines (Mix I), or early-, intermediate- and late-acting cytokines (Mix II). Proliferation and expansion were assessed periodically. In NBM and MDS cultures apoptosis was also determined. In NBM cultures, Mix I induced a nine-fold increase in total cell numbers and a 3.6-fold increase in colony-forming cell (CFC) numbers. In Mix II-supplemented cultures, total cells were increased 643-fold, and CFC 12.4-fold. In AA cultures, no proliferation or expansion were observed in Mix I-supplemented cultures, whereas only a four-fold increase in total cell numbers was observed in the presence of Mix II. In MDS cultures, a 12-fold increase in total cells and a 2.9-fold increase in CFC were observed in the presence of Mix I; on the other hand, Mix II induced a 224-fold increase in total cells and a 5.9-fold increase in CFC. Apoptosis was reduced in cytokine-supplemented cultures from NBM. In contrast, Mix II induced a significant increase in the rate of apoptosis in MDS cultures. Our results demonstrate that, as compared to their normal counterparts, AA and MDS progenitors are deficient in their proliferation and expansion potentials. Such a deficiency is clearly more pronounced in AA cells, which seem to be unable to respond to several cytokines. MDS progenitors, on the other hand, are capable to proliferate and expand in response to cytokines; however, their rate of apoptosis is increased by intermediate- and late-acting cytokines, so that the overall proliferation and expansion are significantly lower than those of normal progenitor cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • SCFE has been discussed as a principal green extraction technology. • Instrumentation, properties, and solvents used have also been concentrated. • Macro & microalgal HVAMs contain carbohydrates, proteins, lipids & phenolic compounds. • The biological activities of HVAMs have possible health benefits. • These HVAMs are creating new interests in the food and nutraceutical industries. Application of high-value algal metabolites (HVAMs) in cosmetics, additives, pigments, foods and medicines are very important. These HVAMs can be obtained from the cultivation of micro- and macro-algae. These metabolites can benefit human and animal health in a physiological and nutritional manner. However, because of conventional extraction methods and their energy and the use of pollutant solvents, the availability of HVAMs from algae remains insufficient. Receiving their sustainability and environmental benefits have recently made green extraction technologies for HVAM extractions more desirable. But very little information is available about the technology of green extraction of algae from these HVAM. This review, therefore, highlights the supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) as principal green extraction technology and their ideal parameters for extracting HVAMs. In first, general information is provided concerning the HVAMs and their components of macro and micro origin. The review also includes a description of SCFE technology's properties, instrumentation operation, solvents used, and the merits and demerits. Moreover, there are several HVAMs associated with their numerous high-level biological activities which include high-level antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimicrobial activity and have potential health-beneficial effects in humans since they are all HVAMs, such as foods and nutraceuticals. Finally, it provides future insights, obstacles, and suggestions for selecting the right technologies for extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chemical composition, sources and applications of curdlan for food are discussed. • Curdlan is used as stabilizing, texturing, water holding, and viscosifying agent. • Curdlan shows prebiotic potential indicating its value to develop functional foods. • Huge variations have been observed about safety regulation of curdlan across globe. • Curdlan can be a sustainable substitute for food additives in the coming years. Curdlan – a homopolysaccharide is comprised of glucose using β-1,3-glycosidic bond and produced by different types of microorganisms as exopolysaccharide. Curdlan gel is stable during freezing and thawing processes which find several applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. It acts as a prebiotic, stabilizer and water-holding, viscosifying and texturing agent. Additionally, curdlan gel is used as a food factor to develop the new products e.g. milk fat substitute, non-fat whipped cream, retorting (freeze-drying) process of Tofu, low-fat sausage, and low-fat hamburger. However, a great variation exists among different countries regarding the regulatory aspects of curdlan as food additives, dietary components or prebiotic substances. Therefore, the present review paper aims to discuss safety issues and the establishment of common guidelines and legislation globally, focusing on the use the applications of curdlan in the food sector including the development of noodles, meat-based products, and fat-free dairy products. This review analyzes and describes in detail the potential of curdlan as a sustainable alternative additive in health and food industries, emphasizing on the chemical composition, production, properties, and potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]