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Many countries are implementing Integrated Coastal Management (ICM, also known as Integrated Coastal Zone Management or ICZM) as a means to promote the sustainable use, development and protection of coastal environments. It has also been shown that there is a policy and institutional relationship between ICM and climate change adaptation. This paper examines the relationship between ICM and climate change preparedness of local government with reference to empirical studies conducted in two developing nations, Mozambique and South Africa. Using a mixed-methods approach (content analysis of local government planning documents and semi-structured interviews with key informants), results demonstrate the level of integration of coastal management, disaster management and climate change adaptation in local development planning; and assess the state of implementation of ICM and climate change adaptation by selected local governments in the two countries. The paper makes recommendations on how to improve ICM development and implementation for coastal adaptation. The results suggest the need for closer integration between coastal management, disaster management and climate adaptation frameworks; highlight the need for enhanced support for local governments from provincial and national government; and greater clarity with regards to the coastal management mandate of local government (especially in Mozambique). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Integrated coastal management (ICM) has been developing concomitantly with the realisation of the severity of the potential impacts of climate change. The discourse on climate change and adaptation has also included the awareness that adaptation must take place at all levels of government, particularly local government. Climate change is expected to have significant impacts on the physical, social, environmental and economic environments of coastal cities and towns, and in particular on the poor and vulnerable communities within these cities and towns. The crucial role that local government can play in climate protection and building cities'' and communities'' resilience to climate change is widely recognised at the global level. This paper explores the legal and policy connexion between ICM, local government and climate change in Mozambique and South Africa, two developing countries in Africa. The state of institutionalisation of coastal management at national through to local government is also examined. The authors contend that the state, character and maturity of the ICM policy domain can create an enabling environment within which local government agencies can prepare for future impacts of climate change. Conversely it can also limit, delay and hinder climate change adaptation. The paper concludes with the identification of some key success factors for assessing the effectiveness of the existing policy and legal frameworks to respond to the challenges of climate change. It also identifies some key principles to be included in future legislative reform to promote ICM, cooperative governance and greater preparedness for climate change at local government level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aim: To review the imaging features on mammogram and ultrasound of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast. Materials and methods: A systematic search of the breast cancer screening centre and pathology department database at a teaching hospital was performed to identify cases reported as PASH between 2000 and 2007. The findings on mammogram and ultrasound were reviewed. Information on demographics and clinical outcome were obtained from the patient''s medical records. Results: Seventy-three cases of PASH were identified, which occurred in women with a mean age of 51.1±10.5 years. The mean size of the lesion was 18mm. Up to 70.8% of cases were radiologically detected and 29.2% presented as palpable masses. The most common appearance on mammography was of a solitary, non-calcified mass (30.4%) or localized increased stroma (30.4%). The distribution of mammographic findings differed in screen-detected patients compared with those presenting clinically (p =0.015, Fisher''s exact test). The most frequent sonographic appearance was of a well-defined hypoechoic mass (36.7%). Conclusion: Although there are emerging patterns associated with PASH on imaging, the features are not sufficiently specific to allow for a prospective diagnosis. Histological confirmation, preferably with core biopsy, should always be considered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In January 2002, the Minister of the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism of the South African government promulgated new regulations controlling the use of off-road vehicles in the coastal zone of South Africa. The new regulations provided for a general prohibition on the recreational use of off-road vehicles (ORVs) in the coastal zone as well as providing procedure for approving the use of vehicles in the coastal zone under specific circumstances. The regulations now specify that recreational use of ORVs can only take place in designated recreational use areas (RUAs). This paper described the process of developing a cohesive strategy for the siting of RUAs in the coastal zone of KwaZulu-Natal. This strategy was developed to avoid ad hoc application for areas that might be unsuitable (environmentally or socially) for ORV use. Potential RUAs was identified using seven principles that disqualified areas not suitable, and subjecting the potential RUAs to a number of other considerations. The seven principles are sufficiently generic to be applied to the other three coastal provinces of South Africa and probably further afield. This strategy identified a network of ecologically and socially justifiable RUAs along the coast of KwaZulu-Natal. These areas will not be designated automatically but each area will need to be further scrutinised by an environmental impact assessment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]