7 results on '"Carabin, H"'
Search Results
2. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
- Author
-
Rabiee R.H.S., Kan H., Karch A., Karimkhani C., Kaul A., Keiyoro P.N., Lyons R.A., Keren A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khang Y.H., Won S., Khera S., Tavakkoli M., Khoja T.A.M., Khubchandani J., Kim C., Kim D., Kim Y.J., Skogen J.C., Savic M., Kokubo Y., Kolte D., McGarvey S.T., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Varakin Y.Y., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kudom A.A., Polinder S., Kuipers E.J., Lallukka T., Shiri R., Meretoja T.J., Lam H., Lam J.O., Nachega J.B., Tran B.X., Langan S.M., McKee M., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Leung R., Levi M., Li Y., Liang J., Liu Y., Phillips M.R., Lloyd B.K., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahdavi M., Marcenes W., Meaney P.A., Margolis D.J., Martinez-Raga J., McMahon B.J., Mehari A., Tedla B.A., Memiah P., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mhimbira F.A., Miller T.R., Mills E.J., Mohammadi A., Monasta L., Montico M., Ronfani L., Morawska L., Norman R.E., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Westerman R., Paternina Caicedo A.J., Murdoch M.E., Seedat S., Wiysonge C.S., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naheed A., Naldi L., Nangia V., Ngalesoni F.N., Nguyen Q.L., Nkamedjie Pete P.M., Nolla J.M., Nunes B.P., Ogbo F.A., Oh I., Ohkubo T., Olivares P.R., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ortiz A., Ota E., Park E., Passos V.M.D.A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Pereira D.M., Perez-Padilla R., Pesudovs K., Pillay J.D., Plass D., Platts-Mills J.A., Pond C.D., Prasad N.M., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rahman M., Rahman S.U., Rai R.K., Rajsic S., Refaat A.H., Ribeiro A.L., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy A., Sagar R., Satpathy M., Tandon N., Sahathevan R., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Sawhney M., Schaub M.P., Schneider I.J.C., Silva D.A.S., Schottker B., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Shaheen A., Shaikh M.A., Sharma R., Sharma U., Shin M., Yoon S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silveira D.G.A., Singh O.P., Singh P.K., Soreide K., Sliwa K., Stein D.J., Soriano J.B., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Stovner L.J., Steinke S., Stroumpoulis K., Sunguya B.F., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Takala J.S., Tanne D., Terkawi A.S., Tuzcu E.M., Thomson A.J., Thurston G.D., Tobe-Gai R., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Truelsen T., Tsala Dimbuene Z., Tsilimbaris M., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., Uneke C.J., Uthman O.A., van Gool C.H., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V.V., Waller S.G., Weichenthal S., White R.A., Williams H.C., Wubshet M., Xavier D., Xu G., Yan L.L., Yano Y., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaki M.E., Zeeb H., Zuhlke L.J., Vos T., Allen C., Arora M., Barber R.M., Brown A., Carter A., Casey D.C., Charlson F.J., Chen A.Z., Coggeshall M., Cornaby L., Dandona L., Dicker D.J., Dilegge T., Erskine H.E., Ferrari A.J., Fitzmaurice C., Fleming T., Forouzanfar M.H., Fullman N., Goldberg E.M., Graetz N., Haagsma J.A., Hay S.I., Johnson C.O., Kassebaum N.J., Kawashima T., Kemmer L., Khalil I.A., Kyu H.H., Leung J., Lim S.S., Lopez A.D., Marczak L., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Nguyen G., Nsoesie E., Olsen H., Pigott D.M., Pinho C., Rankin Z., Reinig N., Sandar L., Smith A., Stanaway J., Steiner C., Teeple S., Thomas B.A., Troeger C., Wagner J.A., Wang H., Wanga V., Whiteford H.A., Zoeckler L., Alexander L.T., Anderson G.M., Bell B., Bienhoff K., Biryukov S., Blore J., Brown J., Coates M.M., Daoud F., Estep K., Foreman K., Fox J., Friedman J., Frostad J., Godwin W.W., Hancock J., Huynh C., Iannarone M., Kim P., Kutz M., Masiye F., Millear A., Mirarefin M., Mooney M.D., Moradi-Lakeh M., Mullany E., Mumford J.E., Ng M., Rao P., Reitsma M.B., Reynolds A., Roth G.A., Shackelford K.A., Sivonda A., Sligar A., Sorensen R.J.D., Sur P., Vollset S.E., Woodbrook R., Zhou M., Murray C.J.L., Ellenbogen R.G., Kotsakis G.A., Mock C.N., Anderson B.O., Futran N.D., Jensen P.N., Watkins D.A., Bhutta Z.A., Nisar M.I., Akseer N., Abajobir A.A., Knibbs L.D., Lalloo R., Scott J.G., Alam N.K.M., Gouda H.N., Guo Y., McGrath J.J., Jeemon P., Dandona R., Kumar G.A., Gething P.W., Bisanzio D., Deribew A., Ali R., Bennett D.A., Rahimi K., Kinfu Y., Duan L., Liu S., Jin Y., Wang L., Ye P., Liang X., Azzopardi P., Gibney K.B., Meretoja A., Alam K., Borschmann R., Colquhoun S.M., Patton G.C., Weintraub R.G., Szoeke C.E.I., Ademi Z., Taylor H.R., Lozano R., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano J.C., Gomez-Dantes H., Heredia-Pi I.B., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Rios Blancas M.J., Servan-Mori E.E., Mensah G.A., Salomon J.A., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Ajala O.N., Barnighausen T., Ding E.L., Farvid M.S., Wagner G.R., Osman M., Shrime M.G., Fitchett J.R.A., Abate K.H., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremedhin A.T., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abraham B., Abubakar I., Banerjee A., Benzian H., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Ackerman I.N., Buchbinder R., Gabbe B., Thrift A.G., Adebiyi A.O., Akinyemi R.O., Adou A.K., Afanvi K.A., Agardh E.E., Badawi A., Popova S., Agarwal A., Ahmad Kiadaliri A., Norrving B., Ahmadieh H., Yaseri M., Jahanmehr N., Al-Aly Z., Driscoll T.R., Kemp A.H., Leigh J., Mekonnen A.B., Aldhahri S.F., Altirkawi K.A., Alegretti M.A., Alemu Z.A., Alhabib S., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Guillemin F., Allebeck P., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S.M., Weiderpass E., Havmoeller R., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Melaku Y.A., Ciobanu L.G., Amberbir A., Amini H., Karema C.K., Ammar W., Harb H.L., Amrock S.M., Andersen H.H., Antonio C.A.T., Aregay A.F., Betsu B.D., Hailu G.B., Yebyo H.G., Arnlov J., Larsson A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Assadi R., Atique S., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Bacha U., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barker-Collo S.L., Mohammed S., Barregard L., Petzold M., Barrero L.H., Basu A., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Beghi E., Sheth K.N., Bell M.L., Huang J.J., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Berhane A., Wolfe C.D., Bernabe E., Hay R.J., Roba H.S., Beyene A.S., Bhala N., Piel F.B., Steiner T.J., Bhatt S., Greaves F., Majeed A., Soljak M., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Bjertness E., Htet A.S., Boufous S., Degenhardt L., Resnikoff S., Calabria B., Mitchell P.B., Brainin M., Brazinova A., Majdan M., Lo W.D., Shen J., Breitborde N.J.K., Buckle G.C., Butt Z.A., Lal A., Carabin H., Cardenas R., Carpenter D.O., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo Rivas J., Catala-Lopez F., Chang J., Chiang P.P., Chibueze C.E., Chisumpa V.H., Choi J.J., Chowdhury R., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cirillo M., Cooper C., Cortinovis Biotech M.D., Giussani Biol G., Perico D.N., Remuzzi G., Crump J.A., Derrett S., Poulton R.G., Damtew S.A., Deribe K., Hailu A.D., Giref A.Z., Haile D., Jibat T., Taye B., Dargan P.I., das Neves J., Massano J., Santos J.V., Davey G., Davis A.C., Newton J.N., Steel N., De Leo D., Del Gobbo L.C., Dellavalle R.P., Des Jarlais D.C., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P.K., Ganguly P., Zodpey S., Diaz-Torne C., Dubey M., Rahman M.H.U., Ram U., Singh A., Verma R.K., Yadav A.K., Duncan B.B., Kieling C., Schmidt M.I., Ebrahimi H., Pishgar F., Farzadfar F., Kasaeian A., Parsaeian M., Heydarpour P., Malekzadeh R., Roshandel G., Sepanlou S.G., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Elyazar I., Endres M., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Farid T.A., Khan A.R., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Feigin V.L., Te Ao B.J., Kwan G.F., Felson D.T., Fernandes J.G., Fernandes J.C., Fischer F., Shiue I., Fowkes F.G.R., Franklin R.C., Furst T., Iyer V.J., Gankpe F.G., Gebre T., Geleijnse J.M., Gessner B.D., Ginawi I.A., Giroud M., Gishu M.D., Tura A.K., Glaser E., Halasa Y.A., Shepard D.S., Undurraga E.A., Gona P., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Gotay C.C., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Goto A., Inoue M., Grainger R., Gupta R., Gupta V., Gutierrez R.A., Knudsen A.K., Norheim O.F., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harikrishnan S., Haro J.M., Hoek H.W., Skirbekk V., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hoy D.G., Huang H., Iburg K.M., Innos K., Kawakami N., Shibuya K., Jacobsen K.H., Jakovljevic M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jee S.H., Prabhakaran D., Jiang Y., Jimenez-Corona A., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., Kesavachandran C.N., Rabiee R.H.S., Kan H., Karch A., Karimkhani C., Kaul A., Keiyoro P.N., Lyons R.A., Keren A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khang Y.H., Won S., Khera S., Tavakkoli M., Khoja T.A.M., Khubchandani J., Kim C., Kim D., Kim Y.J., Skogen J.C., Savic M., Kokubo Y., Kolte D., McGarvey S.T., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Varakin Y.Y., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kudom A.A., Polinder S., Kuipers E.J., Lallukka T., Shiri R., Meretoja T.J., Lam H., Lam J.O., Nachega J.B., Tran B.X., Langan S.M., McKee M., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Leung R., Levi M., Li Y., Liang J., Liu Y., Phillips M.R., Lloyd B.K., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahdavi M., Marcenes W., Meaney P.A., Margolis D.J., Martinez-Raga J., McMahon B.J., Mehari A., Tedla B.A., Memiah P., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mhimbira F.A., Miller T.R., Mills E.J., Mohammadi A., Monasta L., Montico M., Ronfani L., Morawska L., Norman R.E., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Westerman R., Paternina Caicedo A.J., Murdoch M.E., Seedat S., Wiysonge C.S., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naheed A., Naldi L., Nangia V., Ngalesoni F.N., Nguyen Q.L., Nkamedjie Pete P.M., Nolla J.M., Nunes B.P., Ogbo F.A., Oh I., Ohkubo T., Olivares P.R., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ortiz A., Ota E., Park E., Passos V.M.D.A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Pereira D.M., Perez-Padilla R., Pesudovs K., Pillay J.D., Plass D., Platts-Mills J.A., Pond C.D., Prasad N.M., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rahman M., Rahman S.U., Rai R.K., Rajsic S., Refaat A.H., Ribeiro A.L., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy A., Sagar R., Satpathy M., Tandon N., Sahathevan R., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Sawhney M., Schaub M.P., Schneider I.J.C., Silva D.A.S., Schottker B., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Shaheen A., Shaikh M.A., Sharma R., Sharma U., Shin M., Yoon S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silveira D.G.A., Singh O.P., Singh P.K., Soreide K., Sliwa K., Stein D.J., Soriano J.B., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Stovner L.J., Steinke S., Stroumpoulis K., Sunguya B.F., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Takala J.S., Tanne D., Terkawi A.S., Tuzcu E.M., Thomson A.J., Thurston G.D., Tobe-Gai R., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Truelsen T., Tsala Dimbuene Z., Tsilimbaris M., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., Uneke C.J., Uthman O.A., van Gool C.H., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V.V., Waller S.G., Weichenthal S., White R.A., Williams H.C., Wubshet M., Xavier D., Xu G., Yan L.L., Yano Y., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaki M.E., Zeeb H., Zuhlke L.J., Vos T., Allen C., Arora M., Barber R.M., Brown A., Carter A., Casey D.C., Charlson F.J., Chen A.Z., Coggeshall M., Cornaby L., Dandona L., Dicker D.J., Dilegge T., Erskine H.E., Ferrari A.J., Fitzmaurice C., Fleming T., Forouzanfar M.H., Fullman N., Goldberg E.M., Graetz N., Haagsma J.A., Hay S.I., Johnson C.O., Kassebaum N.J., Kawashima T., Kemmer L., Khalil I.A., Kyu H.H., Leung J., Lim S.S., Lopez A.D., Marczak L., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Nguyen G., Nsoesie E., Olsen H., Pigott D.M., Pinho C., Rankin Z., Reinig N., Sandar L., Smith A., Stanaway J., Steiner C., Teeple S., Thomas B.A., Troeger C., Wagner J.A., Wang H., Wanga V., Whiteford H.A., Zoeckler L., Alexander L.T., Anderson G.M., Bell B., Bienhoff K., Biryukov S., Blore J., Brown J., Coates M.M., Daoud F., Estep K., Foreman K., Fox J., Friedman J., Frostad J., Godwin W.W., Hancock J., Huynh C., Iannarone M., Kim P., Kutz M., Masiye F., Millear A., Mirarefin M., Mooney M.D., Moradi-Lakeh M., Mullany E., Mumford J.E., Ng M., Rao P., Reitsma M.B., Reynolds A., Roth G.A., Shackelford K.A., Sivonda A., Sligar A., Sorensen R.J.D., Sur P., Vollset S.E., Woodbrook R., Zhou M., Murray C.J.L., Ellenbogen R.G., Kotsakis G.A., Mock C.N., Anderson B.O., Futran N.D., Jensen P.N., Watkins D.A., Bhutta Z.A., Nisar M.I., Akseer N., Abajobir A.A., Knibbs L.D., Lalloo R., Scott J.G., Alam N.K.M., Gouda H.N., Guo Y., McGrath J.J., Jeemon P., Dandona R., Kumar G.A., Gething P.W., Bisanzio D., Deribew A., Ali R., Bennett D.A., Rahimi K., Kinfu Y., Duan L., Liu S., Jin Y., Wang L., Ye P., Liang X., Azzopardi P., Gibney K.B., Meretoja A., Alam K., Borschmann R., Colquhoun S.M., Patton G.C., Weintraub R.G., Szoeke C.E.I., Ademi Z., Taylor H.R., Lozano R., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano J.C., Gomez-Dantes H., Heredia-Pi I.B., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Rios Blancas M.J., Servan-Mori E.E., Mensah G.A., Salomon J.A., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Ajala O.N., Barnighausen T., Ding E.L., Farvid M.S., Wagner G.R., Osman M., Shrime M.G., Fitchett J.R.A., Abate K.H., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremedhin A.T., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abraham B., Abubakar I., Banerjee A., Benzian H., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Ackerman I.N., Buchbinder R., Gabbe B., Thrift A.G., Adebiyi A.O., Akinyemi R.O., Adou A.K., Afanvi K.A., Agardh E.E., Badawi A., Popova S., Agarwal A., Ahmad Kiadaliri A., Norrving B., Ahmadieh H., Yaseri M., Jahanmehr N., Al-Aly Z., Driscoll T.R., Kemp A.H., Leigh J., Mekonnen A.B., Aldhahri S.F., Altirkawi K.A., Alegretti M.A., Alemu Z.A., Alhabib S., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Guillemin F., Allebeck P., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S.M., Weiderpass E., Havmoeller R., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Melaku Y.A., Ciobanu L.G., Amberbir A., Amini H., Karema C.K., Ammar W., Harb H.L., Amrock S.M., Andersen H.H., Antonio C.A.T., Aregay A.F., Betsu B.D., Hailu G.B., Yebyo H.G., Arnlov J., Larsson A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Assadi R., Atique S., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Bacha U., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barker-Collo S.L., Mohammed S., Barregard L., Petzold M., Barrero L.H., Basu A., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Beghi E., Sheth K.N., Bell M.L., Huang J.J., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Berhane A., Wolfe C.D., Bernabe E., Hay R.J., Roba H.S., Beyene A.S., Bhala N., Piel F.B., Steiner T.J., Bhatt S., Greaves F., Majeed A., Soljak M., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Bjertness E., Htet A.S., Boufous S., Degenhardt L., Resnikoff S., Calabria B., Mitchell P.B., Brainin M., Brazinova A., Majdan M., Lo W.D., Shen J., Breitborde N.J.K., Buckle G.C., Butt Z.A., Lal A., Carabin H., Cardenas R., Carpenter D.O., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo Rivas J., Catala-Lopez F., Chang J., Chiang P.P., Chibueze C.E., Chisumpa V.H., Choi J.J., Chowdhury R., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cirillo M., Cooper C., Cortinovis Biotech M.D., Giussani Biol G., Perico D.N., Remuzzi G., Crump J.A., Derrett S., Poulton R.G., Damtew S.A., Deribe K., Hailu A.D., Giref A.Z., Haile D., Jibat T., Taye B., Dargan P.I., das Neves J., Massano J., Santos J.V., Davey G., Davis A.C., Newton J.N., Steel N., De Leo D., Del Gobbo L.C., Dellavalle R.P., Des Jarlais D.C., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P.K., Ganguly P., Zodpey S., Diaz-Torne C., Dubey M., Rahman M.H.U., Ram U., Singh A., Verma R.K., Yadav A.K., Duncan B.B., Kieling C., Schmidt M.I., Ebrahimi H., Pishgar F., Farzadfar F., Kasaeian A., Parsaeian M., Heydarpour P., Malekzadeh R., Roshandel G., Sepanlou S.G., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Elyazar I., Endres M., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Farid T.A., Khan A.R., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Feigin V.L., Te Ao B.J., Kwan G.F., Felson D.T., Fernandes J.G., Fernandes J.C., Fischer F., Shiue I., Fowkes F.G.R., Franklin R.C., Furst T., Iyer V.J., Gankpe F.G., Gebre T., Geleijnse J.M., Gessner B.D., Ginawi I.A., Giroud M., Gishu M.D., Tura A.K., Glaser E., Halasa Y.A., Shepard D.S., Undurraga E.A., Gona P., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Gotay C.C., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Goto A., Inoue M., Grainger R., Gupta R., Gupta V., Gutierrez R.A., Knudsen A.K., Norheim O.F., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harikrishnan S., Haro J.M., Hoek H.W., Skirbekk V., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hoy D.G., Huang H., Iburg K.M., Innos K., Kawakami N., Shibuya K., Jacobsen K.H., Jakovljevic M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jee S.H., Prabhakaran D., Jiang Y., Jimenez-Corona A., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., and Kesavachandran C.N.
- Abstract
Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with a wide range of updated and standardised analytical procedures. Improvements from GBD 2013 included the addition of new data sources, updates to literature reviews for 85 causes, and the identification and inclusion of additional studies published up to November, 2015, to expand the database used for estimation of non-fatal outcomes to 60 900 unique data sources. Prevalence and incidence by cause and sequelae were determined with DisMod-MR 2.1, an improved version of the DisMod-MR Bayesian meta-regression tool first developed for GBD 2010 and GBD 2013. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies where the complexity of the disease was not suited to DisMod-MR 2.1 or where incidence and prevalence needed to be determined from other data. For GBD 2015 we created a summary indicator that combines measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility (the Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) and used it to compare observed patterns of health loss to the expected pattern for countries or locations with similar SDI scores. Findings We generated 9.3 billion estimates from the various combinations of prevalence, incidence, and YLDs for causes, sequelae, and impairments by age, sex, geography, and year. In 2015, two causes had acute incidences in excess of 1 billion: upper respiratory infections (17.2 bi
- Published
- 2016
3. Estimating the sensitivity and specificity of Kato-Katz stool examination technique for detection of hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections in humans in the absence of a ‘gold standard’
- Author
-
Tarafder, M.R., Carabin, H., Joseph, L., Balolong, E., Olveda, R., and McGarvey, S.T.
- Subjects
- *
FECES examination , *NEMATODE infections , *ASCARIS lumbricoides , *WHIPWORMS , *PARASITIC disease diagnosis , *SOILBORNE infection , *SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) , *BAYESIAN analysis - Abstract
Abstract: The accuracy of the Kato-Katz technique in identifying individuals with soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections is limited by day-to-day variation in helminth egg excretion, confusion with other parasites and the laboratory technicians’ experience. We aimed to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the Kato-Katz technique to detect infection with Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura using a Bayesian approach in the absence of a ‘gold standard’. Data were obtained from a longitudinal study conducted between January 2004 and December 2005 in Samar Province, the Philippines. Each participant provided between one and three stool samples over consecutive days. Stool samples were examined using the Kato-Katz technique and reported as positive or negative for STHs. In the presence of measurement error, the true status of each individual is considered as latent data. Using a Bayesian method, we calculated marginal posterior densities of sensitivity and specificity parameters from the product of the likelihood function of observed and latent data. A uniform prior distribution was used (beta distribution: α =1, β =1). A total of 5624 individuals provided at least one stool sample. One, two and three stool samples were provided by 1582, 1893 and 2149 individuals, respectively. All STHs showed variation in test results from day to day. Sensitivity estimates of the Kato-Katz technique for one stool sample were 96.9% (95% Bayesian Credible Interval [BCI]: 96.1%, 97.6%), 65.2% (60.0%, 69.8%) and 91.4% (90.5%, 92.3%), for A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura, respectively. Specificity estimates for one stool sample were 96.1% (95.5%, 96.7%), 93.8% (92.4%, 95.4%) and 94.4% (93.2%, 95.5%), for A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura, respectively. Our results show that the Kato-Katz technique can perform with reasonable accuracy with one day’s stool collection for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Low sensitivity of the Kato-Katz for detection of hookworm infection may be related to rapid degeneration of delicate hookworm eggs with time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Estimating sensitivity and specificity of a faecal examination method for Schistosoma japonicum infection in cats, dogs, water buffaloes, pigs, and rats in Western Samar and Sorsogon Provinces, The Philippines
- Author
-
Carabin, H., Balolong, E., Joseph, L., McGarvey, S.T., Johansen, M.V., Fernandez, T., Willingham, A.L., Olveda, R., and Schistosomiasis Transmission and Ecology in the Philippines (STEP) Project
- Subjects
- *
MURIDAE , *BAYESIAN analysis , *DOMESTIC animals , *PARASITIC diseases - Abstract
Abstract: Schistosoma japonicum causes a chronic parasitic disease, which persists as a major public health concern in The Philippines, the People''s Republic of China and Indonesia. This infection is unique among helminthic zoonoses because it can infect humans and more than 40 other mammals. The objective of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique in cats, dogs, pigs, water buffaloes and rats in the Philippines. Faecal samples from each animal were collected on up to five occasions on five consecutive days in four villages of Sorsogon and Western Samar Provinces between January and July 2003. The faecal samples were analysed with the filtration and sedimentation Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique. Sensitivity and specificity of one, two, three, four, and five faecal samples were estimated using a Bayesian latent class approach. A total of 59, 43, 74, and 80% of the censored cats, dogs, pigs, and water buffaloes in the four villages were sampled, respectively. For all species, the sensitivity estimates when using the results of only 1 day of sampling were less than 80%. However, the sensitivity improved to at least 96% in all species when three or more faecal samples were collected on three separate days. The specificity was estimated to be above 92% across all species, even if just a single sample is used. The prevalences and 95% credible intervals of S. japonicum, adjusted for imperfect sensitivity and specificity, in cats, dogs, pigs, rats, and water buffaloes were 11.9% (6.8–18.3%), 19.9% (15.1–25.2%), 2.9% (1.1–5.2%), 31.3% (18.3–45.6%) and 6.3% (2.1–12.6%), respectively. Our results suggest that the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory technique is valid for the detection of infection with S. japonicum in animals, and that sensitivity estimates are excellent when faecal samples are collected on at least three different days. Monitoring S. japonicum infection in animal reservoirs with a valid test could contribute to more effective public health control programmes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The cost of measles in industrialised countries
- Author
-
Carabin, H., Edmunds, W.J., Gyldmark, M., Beutels, P., Lévy-Bruhl, D., Salo, H., and Griffiths, U.K.
- Subjects
- *
MEASLES , *VACCINES , *IMMUNIZATION - Abstract
The aim of this study is to estimate the costs of measles and measles control in 11 industrialised countries with varying levels of measles vaccine coverage. Country-specific annual incidence of measles, measles immunization policy, coverage and costs data were collected. The average societal costs of measles cases and immunisation programme per capita were calculated. These 11 countries spend together over US$ 151 million every year to treat and control measles. Per capita costs of measles control tend to be higher in countries with poorer measles control programmes (for instance, Italy has the highest incidence and highest overall costs), though many other factors, such as the number of antigens given per clinic visit and the local price of MMR also affect the efficiency of the programme. The costs estimates presented here can be used to estimate potential savings that might accrue from changes to measles control programmes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A review of emergency foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines
- Author
-
Barnett, P.V. and Carabin, H.
- Subjects
- *
FOOT & mouth disease , *PREVENTION of communicable diseases - Abstract
The primary objectives of this paper are to describe emergency foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines and review literature on emergency vaccine efficacy to protect animals against (1) clinical signs and (2) infection (local virus replication). The reviewed experiments suggest that in cattle, sheep and pigs, the vaccine could be effective in preventing disease within 4–5 days post-vaccination. These studies also suggest that the risk of spreading infection decreases as the interval between vaccine and challenge increases and that vaccination could reduce the amount of virus excreted compared to non-vaccinated animals. We suggest areas of future research to improve our knowledge of emergency vaccines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Risk factors for the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Tanzania
- Author
-
Ngowi, H.A., Kassuku, A.A., Maeda, G.E.M., Boa, M.E., Carabin, H., and Willingham III, A.L.
- Subjects
- *
CYSTICERCOSIS , *TAENIA , *SWINE - Abstract
To estimate prevalence of and risk factors for the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Tanzania, 770 live pigs were examined by lingual examination in 21 villages. Structured observations and questionnaire interviews were used to assess pig rearing practices and household use of latrines. Associations between factors were analyzed using a Bayesian hierarchical model to obtain prevalence odds ratio (OR) and 95% Bayesian Credible Intervals (95% BCI). Prevalence was 17.4% (village-specific range 3.2–46.7%). Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was considerably higher in pigs reared in households lacking latrines than in those reared in households that were using latrines (
OR=2.04 ; 95%BCI=1.25 , 3.45). About 96% of the pigs were kept under free-range conditions. This study suggests the need for further studies in order to design and implement effective prevention and control measures for porcine cysticercosis in Mbulu District, Tanzania. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.