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Abstract Purpose Intra-familial violence occurs in many forms yet few researchers examine child to parent violence (CPV), which occurs in almost 20% of single parent homes. Studies have neither developed a risk factor profile for youth involved in the most severe cases of CPV resulting in incarceration, nor included a comparison of gender-specific correlates. Methods Data from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement (SYRP) 2003, a large-scale, nationally representative sample of justice-involved youth between the ages of 10 and 20 who were survey using a multi-stage cluster sampling procedure is utilized. Results Youth incarcerated for CPV are typically white and male. Youth, particularly female aggressors, tend to have substantial histories of substance use and/or victimization. Issues of mental health, poor school performance, and other maladaptive behaviors are also common. Conclusions Relative concordance between CPV arrest and CPV incarceration risk profiles demonstrates youth who initially come into contact with law enforcement due to a report of CPV will continue and/or escalate the behaviors in a manner that will eventually result in arrest and out of home placement decisions. Interventions that focus on breaking the cycle of interfamilial violence thorough using collaborative, coordinated law enforcement and social services approaches are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correctional officers experience more workplace violence and victimization than individuals in comparable public service occupations, and such experiences may lead to higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we examine the officer- and facility-level correlates of PTSD among 1327 officers working in 20 jails and consider the relationships between exposure to violence (ETV), workplace stressors, personal demographics or experiences, and PTSD indicators. Our results suggested that officers who were assaulted or were threatened more often, who witnessed more staff assaults, and who perceived unreasonable workloads or greater role problems at work were more likely to exhibit PTSD symptoms. However, officers with greater family support, males, and non-white officers had a lower propensity for PTSD. Jail workforces that perceived more dangerous conditions, greater role problems, and more daily interaction with those they supervised had higher levels of PTSD. Implications for research and policy are discussed. • Violent and stressful jail environments make officers especially vulnerable to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). • We examine the link between dangerous and stressful work conditions and PTSD across 1,327 officers working in 20 jails. • Exposure to violence, unreasonable work demands, greater role problems, and less family support increased the risk of PTSD. • Dangerous jails and those where the workforce perceived more unclear or conflicting policies had greater levels of PTSD. • The PCL-5 was a useful screening tool for PTSD and may inform efforts to preserve the health and safety of jail officers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]