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To investigate the feasibility of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) and diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as a means by which to add value to the Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) for discriminating muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) from nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). This prospective study enrolled participants with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer (BCa) who underwent preoperative multiparametric MRI, including APTw and diffusion-weighted MRI, from July 2020 to January 2023. The exclusion criteria were lesions smaller than 10 mm, missing smooth muscle layer in the operation specimen, neoadjuvant therapy before MRI, inadequate image quality, and malignancy other than urothelial neoplasm. Two radiologists independently assigned the VI-RADS score for each participant. Quantitative parameters derived from APTw and diffusion-weighted MRI were obtained by another two radiologists. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of quantitative parameters for discriminating BCa detrusor muscle invasion status. A total of 106 participants were enrolled (mean age, 64 ± 12 years [SD]; 90 men): 32 with MIBC and 74 with NMIBC. Lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (0.88 × 10−3 mm2/s ± 0.12 vs. 1.08 × 10−3 mm2/s ± 0.25; P < 0.001) and higher APTw values (6.89% [interquartile range {IQR}, 5.05%–12.17%] vs. 3.61% [IQR, 2.23%–6.83%]; P < 0.001) were observed in the MIBC group. Compared to VI-RADS alone, both APTw (P = 0.003) and ADC (P = 0.020) values could improve the diagnostic performance of VI-RADS in differentiating MIBC from NMIBC. The combination of the three yielded the highest diagnostic performance (AUC, 0.93; 95% CI:0.87,0.97) for evaluating muscle invasion status. The addition of the APTw values to the combination of VI-RADS and ADC values notably improved the diagnostic performance for differentiating NMIBC from MIBC (VI-RADS+ADC vs. VI-RADS+APTw+ADC, P = 0.046). MRI parameters derived from APTw and diffusion-weighted MRI can be used to accurately assess muscle invasion status in BCa and provide additional value to VI-RADS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anterior commissure (AC) involvement is an unfavorable factor for transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) treatment of early glottic carcinoma (EGC). This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of TLM treatment for EGC with AC involvement. From 2008 to 2017, 177 patients with T1-T2 EGC with AC involvement were retrospectively included and divided into the TLM group (n=115) receiving CO 2 laser TLM and the control group undergoing open surgery (n=62). The survival outcomes, postoperative complications, laryngeal preservation rate, recurrence and the phonological results were compared between groups. The TLM group had significantly reduced hospital stay, hospitalization costs, and intraoperative blood loss as compared with the control group. The tracheotomy rate was significantly higher in the control group (96.8% vs. 0%). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 89.6% and 85.5% in the TLM group and control group, respectively. Log-rank test showed no difference in survival rate between the two groups. There was no significant difference in laryngeal preservation rate and overall recurrence rate between groups. In postoperative vocal function evaluation, there were significant differences in the overall grade (G), the roughness (R), the breathiness (B), Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10), Jitter, Shimmer, noise/harmonic ratio (NHR), maximum phonation time (MPT), phonation threshold pressure (PTP) between the two groups. For EGC with AC involvement, TLM has similar survival outcomes with the open surgery, but has better postoperative voice outcomes. Meanwhile, TLM can effectively reduce intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, hospitalization costs and postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To translate the English version Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) into the Chinese version and test its reliability and validity in preschool children. To create the Chinese version of the CFNS, it was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted. The use of the Chinese version of CFNS by 575 parents of preschool children in two kindergartens in Yangzhou City was investigated using cluster sampling to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. The Chinese version of CFNS has nine items in total. The scale-level average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) is 0.983. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted 2 common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 49.437%. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the 2-factor model was well fitted. The Cronbach'α coefficient of the scale was 0.759, the Cronbach'α coefficients of the two factors were 0.735 and 0.713, the split-half reliability was 0.788, and the test-retest reliability was 0.756. The Chinese version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale has good reliability and validity in preschool children and can be used as an assessment tool for food neophobia in preschool children in China. This study has gone through a rigorous translation process, and the CFNS may support future exploration of food neophobia in preschool children. Food allergy factors in the results may be the next step in the research, and several studies are still needed to understand the relationship between food allergy and food neophobia. • CFNS serves as an assessment tool for food neophobia in Chinese preschool children. • To provide support for the exploration of food neophobia in Chinese preschoolers. • Factors of food allergy should be explored in more studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The lipid lowering effects of enriched polyphenols and polysaccharides from Arctium lappa L. was evaluated. • The enriched polyphenols from Arctium lappa L. inhibited the activity of intestinal esterase enzyme in vivo. • Both the enriched polyphenols and polysaccharides from Arctium lappa L. improved microbiota dysbiosis via an increase in gut microbiota diversity and an abundance of the microbiota that produced short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). • The hyperlipidaemia induced by high-fat diet for five weeks could not recovery spontaneously by normal diet for three weeks only. Previous researches reported that burdock (Arctium lappa L.) root had lipid-lowering effects. The potential mechanisms needed to be further clarified. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of polyphenols (ALP) and polysaccharides (ALS) of burdock on hyperlipidemia rats were explored. The results revealed that ALP and ALS significantly inhibited the development of hyperlipidemia and reduced lipid levels in serum and liver. Meanwhile, ALP significantly decreased the activity of intestinal esterase enzyme. ALP and ALS significantly improved the imbalance of the microbiota by increasing the diversity of the intestinal microbiota and the abundance of the microbiota that produced short-chain fatty acids, and thus increased the content of acetic acid in short-chain fatty acids in the feces of hyperlipidemic rats. These results revealed that burdock played a lipid lowering effects by regulating intestinal dysbiosis due to hyperlipidemia, and ALP and ALS were the bioactive components of these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The group prenatal care model, which caters to women with low medical needs but high support needs, has become a highly prevalent and innovative approach implemented globally. For Centering-Based Group Care (CBGC) to remain effective, women's evaluations of the quality of care and perspectives about the model are crucial. This study aimed to describe women's appraisal of CBGC quality and explore the experiences of women in the mixed-methods pilot study conducted in Zhejiang, China. From August 2021 to December 2022, 20 women provided complete quantitative data using the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire before hospital discharge. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at 6 months postpartum. Qualitative data were analysed using Colaizzi's method. The mean (standard deviation) total score (of the 5) of the questionnaire was 4.43 (0.1) with a good quality of CBGC. Qualitative research identified five themes: motivations and concerns for participation, the appeal of interactive learning, the development of community ties and social support, healing from psychological trauma with CBGC, and suggestions for CBGC enhancement. Women rated CBGC quality as good and benefited significantly from it in the study. As a new alternative option, the women's accounts suggested that CBGC performed excellently in enhancing knowledge, strengthening social bonds, and providing psychological support. CBGC quality cannot be determined based on limited the sample size. This pilot study provides evidence regarding the beneficial effects of knowledge, socialization, and psychological healing on CBGC. Further research is suggested to measure CBGC effectiveness and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For recent years, the heavy and prolonged use of electronic devices has resulted in a growing population of dry eye syndrome especially for younger individuals. Due to a lack of public awareness, the rate of seeking medical consultations remains relatively low. The advancement in smart wearable technology has opened up numerous possibilities for early observation of the symptoms such as frequent eye blinking and implementation of subsequent healthcare. In this study, we present a personalized monitoring-feedback system based on a self-powered, wearable, stretchable triboelectric sensor and matching counting module, image display module, and human-computer interaction module. The system is capable of detecting subtle biomechanical signals in the human body with exceptional sensitivity, such as eye blinking. The electronically processed electrical signals can activate a coupled counter and transmit information to mobile devices through the Internet of Things (IoT). This enables automatic processing and interaction with users, providing reminders and correction information regarding eye-related behavior. Through animal and volunteer experiments, we validate the accurate identification of eye-related behavior and the provision of appropriate feedback. This work proposes a promising technological approach for monitoring, early warning and management of dry eye syndrome. [Display omitted] ● An intelligent triboelectric sensing system is developed for monitoring and early warning of dry eye syndrome. ● A counter (NG-counting) adaptive to the triboelectric sensor was developed and successfully utilized for blink counting in New Zealand rabbits and humans. ● A human-machine interaction system was designed to recognize, analyze, and provide feedback on users' visual behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncolytic virotherapy is a new and safe therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In our previous study, a new type of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 2 (oHSV2) was constructed. Following the completion of a preclinical study, oHSV2 has now entered into clinical trials for the treatment of melanoma and other solid tumors (NCT03866525). Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are generally able to directly destroy tumor cells and stimulate the immune system to fight tumors. Natural killer (NK) cells are important components of the innate immune system and critical players against tumor cells. But the detailed interactions between oncolytic viruses and NK cells and these interaction effects on the antitumor immune response remain to be elucidated. In particular, the functions of activating surface receptors and checkpoint inhibitors on oHSV2-treated NK cells and tumor cells are still unknown. In this study, we found that UV-oHSV2 potently activates human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, leading to increased antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation indicated that UV-oHSV2-stimulated NK cells release IFN-γ via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/NF-κB signaling pathway and exert antitumor activity via TLR2. We found for the first time that the expression of a pair of checkpoint molecules, NKG2A (on NK cells) and HLA-E (on tumor cells), is upregulated by UV-oHSV2 stimulation. Anti-NKG2A and anti-HLA-E treatment could further enhance the antitumor effects of UV-oHSV2-stimulated NK92 cells in vitro and in vivo. As our oHSV2 clinical trial is ongoing, we expect that the combination therapy of oncolytic virus oHSV2 and anti-NKG2A/anti-HLA-E antibodies may have synergistic antitumor effects in our future clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Overt and occult hepatitis B infections among pregnant women were still prevalent during the transition period in China. • Separation of occult hepatitis B infection from "healthy" subjects tended to increase the effectiveness estimates of current neonatal vaccination against hepatitis B virus. • Pregnant women with overt hepatitis B infection primarily transmitted the virus, which resulted in an overt or occult infection in their infants. Intensive prenatal screening of hepatitis B surface antigen for pregnant women is essential. • A high rate of loss-to-follow-up could not be ignored in this study. Overt and occult hepatitis B infection (HBI) among mothers and infants were investigated, and the effectiveness of vaccination against HBI was evaluated based on transmission types. A hospital-based cohort was built with 2,734 mothers and 330 mother-infant pairs. Their demographic data were collected. Serological HBV markers, nested-PCR for HBV genes, viral load detection, and phylogenetic analysis were done. The overall prevalence of HBI among mothers was 12.1% (330/2,734), with 10.4% for the overt type and 1.8% for the occult type. In 330 out of 1,650 (20%) mother-infant pairs, the overall, type-I (from overt mother to overt infant), type-II (from overt mother to occult infant), and type-Ⅲ (from occult mother to occult infant) transmissions were 1.9% (1/54), 5.6% (3/54) and 0.0% (0/7). The refinement of HBI classification improved the estimate of vaccine effectiveness against HBI from 74.4%–80.9% to 94.4%, which was more prominent for type-II. One mother-infant pair with type-II transmission shared nearly identical complete sequences. However, the high rate of lost-to-follow-up could not be ignored. During the transition period, HBV is mainly transmitted from the overt type of HBI mother to infant. Intensive prenatal screening for mothers is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale and Objectives: We aimed to assess the prevalence of significant computed tomographic(CT) manifestations and describe some notable features based on chest CT images, as well as the main clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies assessing CT features, clinical, and laboratory results of COVID-19 patients. A single-arm meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).Results: A total of 14 articles (including 1115 patients) based on chest CT images were retrieved. In the lesion patterns on chest CTs, we found that pure ground-glass opacities (GGO) (69%, 95% CI 58-80%), consolidation (47%, 35-60%) and "air bronchogram sign" (46%, 25-66%) were more common than the atypical lesion of "crazy-paving pattern" (15%, 8-22%). With regard to disease extent and involvement, 70% (95% CI 46-95%) of cases showed a location preference for the right lower lobe, 65% (58-73%) of patients presented with ≥3 lobes involvement, and meanwhile, 42% (32-53%) of patients had involvement of all five lobes, while 67% (55-78%) of patients showed a predominant peripheral distribution. An understanding of some important CT features might be helpful for medical surveillance and management. In terms of clinical features, muscle soreness (21%, 95% CI 15-26%) and diarrhea (7%, 4-10%) were minor symptoms compared to fever (80%, 74-87%) and cough (53%, 33-72%).Conclusion: Chest CT manifestations in patients with COVID-19, as well as its main clinical characteristics, might be helpful in disease evolution and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• HPV infection is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Laryngeal papillomatosis. • Laryngeal papillomatosis recurrence can occur when latent HPV is activated. • Current surgical tools commonly used can't solve the latency and seeding of HPV. • Topical ALA-PDT can treat Laryngeal papillomatosis efficaciously and reduces tumor recurrence significantly. To explore the therapeutic effect of topical 5-Aminolevulinic Acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on laryngeal papillomatosis (LP) treatment. 13 patients with LP underwent topical ALA-PDT after tumor resection (CO 2 laser or/and microdebrider resection). All patients were irradiated 3–4 times. After ALA-PDT treatment, the laryngoscopic examination was performed every 1–2 months to observe the therapeutic effect. All 13 patients were followed up for more than 1 year. Eleven cases (84.6%) showed no recurrence; two cases (15.4%) had relapses. One child developed III° inspiratory dyspnea caused by laryngeal mucosal edema and need endotracheal intubation again. Four patients had adhesion of the anterior commissure of the vocal cord. The detection rate of HPV infections was 76.9% and two patients had multiple HPV subtype co-infection. The preliminary effect of topical ALA-PDT significantly reduces recurrence and improves the cure rate of LP. Further research on this treatment is still required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple approach for the synthesis of oxygen vacancy rich molybdenum oxide (MoO x ) on Mo foil using simple anodization method has been developed. The oxygen vacancy of synthesized MoO x is confirmed by Raman, XPS, and XRD measurements. MoO x /Mo electrode exhibits high active for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline solution. The HER performance of MoO x /Mo can be further improved by electrodepositing of small amount of Pt nanoparticles on MoO x . Pt-MoO x /Mo electrode shows high HER performance, which is close to the performance of Pt. Importantly, Pt-MoO x /Mo electrode has excellent stability even after 2000 potential cycles in alkaline solution. Our study proposed a simple method for preparing low-cost Mo based electrode for high efficient hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Conventional resection of the elongated styloid process is associated with large-scale tissue dissection and poor surgical exposure. The purpose of this study was to show the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a novel surgical approach using an endoscopic technique to treat Eagle syndrome.Materials and Methods: The authors implemented a retrospective cohort study composed of 133 patients undergoing endoscope-assisted styloidectomy (EAS) from June 2010 to August 2015 at a university teaching hospital. Outcome measurements included the length of the styloid process, blood loss, and duration of surgery. The simple verbal response scale for symptom relief, cosmetic appearance of the incision, and postoperative incision pain was used for the assessment of patients' subjective satisfaction.Results: All patients underwent EAS without conversion to conventional surgery. One hundred seven patients (80.5%) achieved complete relief of symptoms, with 20 (15%) achieving partial relief. The residual length of the styloid process was 10.1 ± 4.4 mm. One hundred seventy-two incision sides (75.8%) had no pain during the postoperative evaluation. One side (0.4%) showed slight transient facial paresis and 4 sides (1.8%) presented transient ear numbness. The vast majority of patients (122 of 133; 91.7%) considered the cosmetic appearance of the incision to be excellent.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that EAS provides a viable surgical approach for Eagle syndrome in efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The protein stability and chromatin functions of UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains, 1) are regulated in a cell-cycle-dependent manner. We report a structural characterization of the complex between UHRF1 and the deubiquitinase USP7. The first two UBL domains of USP7 bind to the polybasic region (PBR) of UHRF1, and this interaction is required for the USP7-mediated deubiquitination of UHRF1. Importantly, we find that the USP7-binding site of the UHRF1 PBR overlaps with the region engaging in an intramolecular interaction with the N-terminal tandem Tudor domain (TTD). We show that the USP7-UHRF1 interaction perturbs the TTD-PBR interaction of UHRF1, thereby shifting the conformation of UHRF1 from a TTD-“occluded” state to a state open for multivalent histone binding. Consistently, introduction of a USP7-interaction-defective mutation to UHRF1 significantly reduces its chromatin association. Together, these results link USP7 interaction to the dynamic deubiquitination and chromatin association of UHRF1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Second branchial cleft cysts have usually been resected through a prominent incision over the entire protruding zone. The resultant scar can be esthetically displeasing. We report on the endoscope-assisted excision of second branchial cleft cysts by way of a posterior occipital approach. We explored the feasibility, validity, and safety of this procedure. Materials and Methods From November 2008 to February 2011, 8 patients with second branchial cleft cysts underwent endoscope-assisted resection by way of a posterior occipital approach using an endoscopic technique. Results All the procedures were successfully performed using endoscope-assisted surgery by way of a posterior occipital approach with an operative time of 70 minutes (range 60 to 110) and a bleeding volume of 10 mL (range 5 to 15). No postoperative complications, such as injury to the great auricular nerve, occurred and no operative conversions were required. The average follow-up period was 42.6 months (range 35 to 61), without any symptoms. All the patients and their families were satisfied with the cosmetic results. Conclusions Endoscope-assisted excision of second branchial cleft cysts by way of a posterior occipital approach could be applied effectively, safely, and feasibly, allowing adequate exposure for dissection and providing good cosmetic results. Thus, it should be considered as an alternative surgical approach for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: β site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the major β secretase for generating β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides. The acidic environment of endosomes is optimal for β secretase activity. However, the mechanisms regulating BACE1 traffic from endosomes to lysosomes for degradation are largely unknown. Here, using snapin-deficient mice combined with gene rescue experiments, we reveal that Snapin, as a dynein motor adaptor for late endosomes, mediates BACE1 retrograde transport. hAPP mutant live neurons and mouse brains exhibited BACE1 accumulation within the altered late endocytic organelles and defective lysosomal targeting due to reduced Snapin-dynein coupling. Deleting snapin or disrupting Snapin-dynein coupling reduces BACE1 transport to lysosomes for degradation, thus enhancing APP processing. Overexpressing Snapin in hAPP neurons reduces β site cleavage of APP by enhancing BACE1 turnover. Altogether, our study provides mechanistic insights into the complex regulation of BACE1 level and activity and turnover through retrograde transport, thus controlling Aβ generation in neurons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]