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Background: Suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) are major health concerns among military veterans yet little is known about the temporal relations among these outcomes. This study examined the temporal relations between suicidal and nonsuicidal SITBs among higher-risk veterans. Specifically, we identified when SITBs emerged and evaluated the role of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in the medical lethality of suicide attempts (SA), relative risk, and survival time of suicidal SITBs (i.e., suicide ideation [SI], suicide plan, SA).Method: Cross-sectional data were collected from two samples examining suicide risk among veterans receiving inpatient psychiatric care (n = 157) and community-residing veterans with current depression and/or past month SI (n = 200). Participants completed an interview to assess SITBs.Results: SITBs emerged between ages 14-28 years with behaviors emerging, on average, earlier among inpatient veterans. The time lag between SITBs was not significantly different between groups. Inpatient veterans had a significantly shorter time lag from SI to SA. NSSI history predicted an increase in relative risk for all suicidal SITBs and shorter survival time. There was no association between NSSI history and medical lethality of the most serious SA for both groups.Limitations: Limitations included use of cross-sectional, retrospective self-report with age-of-onset endorsed in years and not all SITBs were assessed (e.g., passive SI).Conclusions: Veterans with a NSSI history are at high risk for suicidal SITBs and have a shorter survival time. Results showed thoughts (i.e., NSSI thoughts, SI) emerged before behavior (i.e., NSSI, SA) and NSSI emerged before SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affective dynamics, assessed using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), provide a nuanced understanding of within-person fluctuations of negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) in daily life. NA and PA dynamics have been associated with psychopathology and response to psychological treatments. NA and PA dynamics have been rarely studied concurrently in association with self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB), transdiagnostic difficulties encountered regularly in clinical and community settings. Here we present EMA data from a large, diverse sample of young adult women with high rates of SITB to examine NA and PA dynamics (mean intensity, variability, and inertia). Specifically, we considered the prospective associations between past-year suicidal thoughts and past-year nonsuicidal self-injury and affective dynamics, as well as the concurrent associations between affective dynamics, EMA-reported suicidal thoughts, and EMA-reported urges for nonsuicidal self-injury. Results demonstrate that elevated mean NA and NA variability are robustly associated with all types of SITB assessed prospectively or concurrently. Interestingly, these associations were weakest for past-year nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors, relative to past-year and concurrent suicidal or nonsuicidal self-injurious thoughts. Past-year suicidal thoughts further predicted increased NA inertia. Decreased PA inertia was associated with past-year nonsuicidal self-injury behavior, as well as concurrent EMA suicidal thoughts. We found no associations (prospective or concurrent) between SITB and mean PA intensity or PA variability. These results highlight the importance of understanding affective processes to develop real-world interventions to prevent nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in psychiatric hospitals with an estimated rate of 100–400 per 100,000 admissions. The current study aimed to examine suicide ideation among psychiatric inpatients utilizing perspectives from the psychological flexibility model (Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 2012) and the interpersonal theory of suicide (Joiner, 2005; Van Orden et al., 2010) to better understand suicide risk among psychiatric inpatients. We hypothesized that valued living (i.e., connection with one's values and committed action) and life fulfillment would each be negatively associated with suicide ideation and that these relations would be mediated by thwarted interpersonal needs (i.e., additive effect of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) in parallel. We also hypothesized that the direct and indirect association between valued living and suicide ideation would be moderated by life fulfillment, such that those lower in life fulfillment would report a stronger direct and indirect association between valued living and suicide ideation. Results obtained from bootstrapped parallel mediation regression procedures indicated greater valued living and life fulfillment were each associated with lower thwarted interpersonal needs and suicide ideation. Further, a significant interaction between valued living and life fulfillment suggests those lower in both valued living and life fulfillment reported the greatest suicide ideation. Research examining the psychological flexibility model in the context of the interpersonal theory of suicide may improve suicide risk conceptualization, assessment and treatment among psychiatric inpatients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously found that a population of colonic stromal cells that constitutively express high levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2, also known as Cox-2) altered their location in the lamina propria in response to injury in a Myd88- dependent manner (Brown, S. L., Riehl, T. E., Walker, M. R., Geske, M. J., Doherty, J. M., Stenson, W. F., and Stappenbeck, T. S. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117, 258 -269). At the time of this study, the identity of these cells and the mechanism by which they expressed high levels of Ptgs2 were unknown. Here we found that these colonic stromal cells were mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These colonic MSCs expressed high Ptgs2 levels not through interaction with bacterial products but instead as a consequence of mRNA stabilization downstream of Fgf9 (fibroblast growth factor 9), a growth factor that is constitutively expressed by the intestinal epithelium. This stabilization was mediated partially through a mechanism involving endogenous CUG-binding protein 2 (CUGbp2). These studies suggest that Fgf9 is an important factor in the regulation of Ptgs2 in colonic MSCs and may be a factor involved in its constitutive expression in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiazoles are important heterocyclic motifs in many target molecules. Extension of a reported gold(I)-catalyzed oxidative coupling of alkynes and thioamides to the synthesis of functionalized thiazole-containing products is presented, including the compatibility of this reaction with ester, protected hydroxyl, alkene and thioether groups. The utility of this one-pot process is demonstrated in the preparation of the thiazole-containing macrodiolide of a simplified analogue of pateamine A. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]