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Rationale: The main hindrance to long-term success of lung transplantation is bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), generally thought to be a manifestation of chronic allograft rejection. BOS is associated histologically with [...]

Objective: To assess the effect of heliox, a helium-oxygen mixture, on respiratory distress symptoms in young infants. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Setting: Pediatric ICU (PICU) of a university hospital. [...]

Objective: To determine the utility of inhaled hypertonic saline solution to treat infants hospitalized with viral bronchiolitis. Design: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Fifty-two hospitalized infants (mean ± SD age, 2.9 [...]

Objective: To determine the utility of inhaled hypertonic saline solution to treat ambulatory infants with viral bronchiolitis. Design: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Sixty-five ambulatory infants (mean ± SD age, 12.5 [...]

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a method of oxygenating the blood using an artificial membrane located outside of the body. It is method of cardiopulmonary support for patients with severe lung disease. Although ECMO-related complications have decreased, and survival of infants treated with ECMO has increased, it is an expensive and risky treatment. For ECMO to be accepted for use in the pediatric population, the cost-to-benefit analysis and risks associated with ECMO use must be evaluated. ECMO is currently used when all other conventional therapies have failed. Successful treatment with ECMO in a infant born after 26 weeks of pregnancy prompted an analysis of all ECMO-treated infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, a viral infection of the bronchiole structures of the airways causing respiratory failure. Between 1983 and 1988, 12 infants were treated with ECMO in nine centers. Eight of the infants were born prematurely, and five infants had abnormal lung development (bronchopulmonary dysplasia). The average age of the patient when the virus was contracted was 108 days old. Non-ECMO artificial ventilation was used for an average of 7.8 days before ECMO was initiated. Of the 12 infants, seven survived (four of the five with bronchopulmonary dysplasia). The average length of ECMO use was 233 hours. The six surviving infants have developed normally and one has slight motor delays. ECMO may be a life-saving intervention in infants with RVS bronchiolitis that is unresponsive to conventional ventilation techniques. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase) in shortening the length of the hospitalization and improving the chest radiographs (CXRs) in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial [...]

J Adam Grahm, MD(*) and Thomas W Pollard, DO. Medicine, David Grant Medical Center, Travis AFB, CA. PURPOSE: Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), characterized histologically by masses of granulation tissue [...]

An Acute and Life-Threatening Syndrome Idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by, an indolent course and favorable prognosis. This report describes five patients with [...]