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Various policies and efforts have been made by the Indonesian government to help the community recover from the various impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the recovery of psychological health disorders. It is necessary to study the condition of the community to formulate more appropriate policies. This study describes the mental health condition of the community during the second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Analysis of factors related to threats and obtaining psychological well-being is used to formulate future disaster mitigation policies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on communities in Bali, Indonesia. A total of 311 respondents (aged between 15 and 72 years) were involved in the survey through DASS-21, PGWBI-22, and CD RISC-25, from July to September 2021. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress is higher than previous research. The psychological well-being index is also high. Cultural and religious values are the key to people's resilience, which makes them grateful and prosperous despite high levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. Regression analysis confirms that resilience is an important factor in maintaining psychological happiness. The findings also noted that the Covid-19 vaccine was associated with less depression, anxiety, and stress. The results of this study contribute to disaster mitigation policies and mental health support interventions for the community during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. From this study, policies on disaster mitigation related to future pandemics are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Recent studies have suggested that the brain circuitry mediating cue-induced desire for video games is similar to that elicited by cues related to drugs and alcohol. We hypothesized that desire for Internet video games during cue presentation would activate similar brain regions to those that have been linked with craving for drugs or pathologic gambling. Methods: This study involved the acquisition of diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 19 healthy male adults (age, 18-23 years) following training and a standardized 10-day period of game play with a specified novel Internet video game, “War Rock” (K2 Network, Irvine, CA). Using segments of videotape consisting of 5 contiguous 90-second segments of alternating resting, matched control, and video game-related scenes, desire to play the game was assessed using a 7-point visual analogue scale before and after presentation of the videotape. Results: In responding to Internet video game stimuli, compared with neutral control stimuli, significantly greater activity was identified in left inferior frontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, right and left parietal lobe, right and left thalamus, and right cerebellum (false discovery rate <0.05, P < .009243). Self-reported desire was positively correlated with the β values of left inferior frontal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus, and right and left thalamus. Compared with the general players, subjects who played more Internet video game showed significantly greater activity in right medial frontal lobe, right and left frontal precentral gyrus, right parietal postcentral gyrus, right parahippocampal gyrus, and left parietal precuneus gyrus. Controlling for total game time, reported desire for the Internet video game in the subjects who played more Internet video game was positively correlated with activation in right medial frontal lobe and right parahippocampal gyrus. Discussion: The present findings suggest that cue-induced activation to Internet video game stimuli may be similar to that observed during cue presentation in persons with substance dependence or pathologic gambling. In particular, cues appear to commonly elicit activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and thalamus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article discusses empirical challenges and opportunities for African countries in their quest to have sustainable mechanisms for funding research and innovation. Like elsewhere in different parts of the world, African countries have been exploring different approaches, institutional reforms, models and mechanisms towards more efficient and effective funding and financing of research and innovation to enhance their individual and collective economic development aspirations. This paper derives from a 2018 to 2019 study which used a combination of primary and secondary data sources to inform current debates and reviews on the re- organization of research and innovation funding in Africa. Attempts to copy experiences of high income economies in harnessing and deploying funding mechanisms into national research and innovation systems are not appropriate if not accompanied by adaptation to systemic and contextual aspects in receiving countries and sectors. This paper presents and analyses recent empirical evidence from 15 African countries to argue that successful adaptations are not just a matter of technological and innovation capabilities, timely and adequate resourcing, but are a function of decision-making and governance capabilities, which in turn arise from deliberate and interactive learning across the entire research and innovation system. This work contributes to some of the themes covered in this journal recently on the broad issue of resources for innovation, including financial and relational resources. • Besides the current COVID-19 pandemic, African countries have many economic development challenges and opportunities to deal with. • New knowledge from research and innovation seen as key drivers in these, but these drivers need resources. • Different ways of funding research and innovation have been deployed, but some shortcomings remain, with respect to, inter alia, consistency of the funding, sufficiency of the funding and relevance of the funding. • This paper presents and analyses recent empirical evidence from 15 African SGCI countries to argue that successful adaptations are not just a matter of timely and adequate resourcing, or technological and innovation capabilities. • Decision-making and governance capabilities, which arise from deliberate and interactive learning across entire research and innovation systems, are also key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cereal-legume intercropping, a common practice among farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), is important for crop diversification, soil fertility improvement, household nutrition and climate adaptation. However, cereals often outcompete the intercropped legumes for growth resources resulting in low legume yields. The objectives of this study were: i) assessing the effects of different intercropping options (crop spatial configurations) and maize crop (Zea mays L.) management innovations on productivity and economic benefits to farmers and ii) examining how farmers adapt new intercropping technologies to meet their household food security needs. The study was undertaken in six on-farm researcher-designed and managed trials in high and low rainfall agro-ecological zones of Babati District in Tanzania, during four cropping seasons (2018–2021). The cropping systems tested included a sole maize system rotated with a legume-legume intercrop (Doubled-up legume), an innovation involving two maize rows intercropped with two legume species (Mbili-Mbili), maize-legume intercrop both with and without de-topping, maize-legume intercrop (2 maize plants at 50 cm intra-space, de-topped), maize-legume system (maize with vertical leaf architecture) and a farmer practice. The Mbili-Mbili technology adaptation assessment was conducted on 225 farmers during the 2021 cropping season. Overall, maize grain yields increased by up to 56% in improved compared to farmer intercropping practices (P ≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences in maize grain yield among the improved practices. Significantly higher pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) yields of between 71% and 113% in 2020 and between 65% and 140% in 2021 were observed under Doubled-up legume and between 63% and 124% under local farmer practices in 2020 than in the improved cereal-legume practices. Across the study period, net revenues of sole maize and Doubled-up legume rotations were both the highest and lowest relative to other intercropping options, depending on the starting phase (US$ 653 sole maize and US$ 326 legume phase starting). These were also associated with the highest variances indicating instability. Mbili-Mbili intercropping system had not only high net revenue i.e., a mean of US$623 per hectare, but also more stable. Farmers perceived that Mbili-Mbili increased food security and 96% were willing to implement the system without project support. Mbili-Mbili is recommended for adoption by farmers because of its potential economic benefits, food security and resilience in the current unpredictable weather and climate patterns. [Display omitted] • Crop spatial configurations differ on effects they pose on productivity and overall economics of cereal-legume intercrops'. • Achieving high legume productivity and economic benefits, is hampered by competition among intercropping components. • Doubled-up legume (involving beans)-Sole maize rotation is a risky system that may not be an immediate choice for farmers. • Mbili-Mbili provides at least $150 higher revenues that are more stable across seasons than other cereal-legume systems. • Mbili-Mbili is recommended for household diet diversification of vegetables, pulses, and cereals with reducing landholding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]