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Due to the increasing demand for monitoring diseases such as rising heart rate, diabetes, and ocular disorders wearable and implantable biomedical devices seems too essential for patients not only in the hospital but also at home or during working time. Researchers mostly try to offer valuable information on the conditions of patients as non-invasive, by using comfort biomedical device with a minimum side effect. So, small and self-powered with high sensitivity biomedical devices are recommended, among different power sources that introduced for devices, biofuel cells would be produced as power source for a range of medical devices because of its capability to generate sufficient power output compared to the primary power source. The nature of the electrode reaction and the nature of the biochemical reactions are some of the important parameters that are considered for the classification of fuel cells. Enzymatic biofuel cells due to high activity at mild conditions widely applied in pacemaker; glucometer; and smart contact lenses when compared to other kinds of biofuel cells. On the other hand, short lifespan is one of important limitations in this type of biofuel cells. So, the easiest way to overcome these challenges is to apply non-enzymatic ones. Recent studies have attempted to issue novel method for fabrication of non-enzymatic biofuel cell in order to produce a new generation which are inexpensive, disposable, selective, and sensitive in properties. However, consideration of researchers to the development of self-powered biomedical devices by using body fluids or providing electricity storage is rising. Image 1 • Application of biofuel cells in biomedical devices summarized. • Merits and demerits of enzymatic biofuel cell explained in various devices. • Factors affecting the fabrication of bio-electrodes with high-lifetime identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of high-value renewable fuel and industrial feedstocks from low-value carbon sources is an ongoing scientific challenge. Herein we synthesized bifunctional Zr x Ce 1-x O 2 with different zirconia/ceria (Zr:Ce) ratios ranging from 1 ≤ x ≤ 0, were deposition with Cu content and characterized various spectroscopic techniques. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the hydrogenation-cyclization of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) in a fixed bed reactor operating at 0.5 MPa, here hydrogen source is formic acid that showed a tremendous interest in the chemical industry. From catalysts characterizations demonstrated that achieve porous structure, enhanced support surface area and increased surface acido-basic sites which should be influenced by the proper zirconia content incorporated into cerium lattice. Interestingly the catalytic performance of different copper loaded catalysts was examined and 3Cu/Zr 0.8 -Ce 0.2 showed the highest LA conversion of 88.5% and maximum GVL selectivity to 94.2%. The catalyst stability, reusability and structure-activity relation were also described. Image 1 • Monodisperse Cu 2 O nanocrystals prepared by thermal decomposition of copper acetate. • Zr to CeO 2 had a significant influence surface area and enhanced acido-basic sites. • Loading of Cu in Zr 0.8 -Ce 0.2 catalysts by colloidal-deposition method. • Small Cu particles have been found to exhibit superior catalytic performance for GVL synthesis. • 88.5% conversion of LA and 94.2% selectivity of GVL were obtained at 260 °C for 12 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we discuss the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide and TiO 2 (rGO-TiO 2 ) nanocomposites with varying ratios of rGO to TiO 2 by hydrothermal method. Photocatalytic ability of the nanocomposites was assessed for H 2 production under natural sunlight. At 5 wt% GO loading, the rGO-TiO 2 exhibited 24,880 μmol/g/h H 2 , 12.9 times to commercial P25-TiO 2 (1920 μmol/g/h). The symmetric supercapacitor device fabricated using rGO-TiO 2 demonstrated 160 F/g specific capacitance with 99% retention. The efficient charge carrier separation and transportation between TiO 2 nanotubes and rGO resulted high photocatalytic activity. The synergistic double layer pseudo capacitor behavior of rGO-TiO 2 is the reason for improved specific capacitance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Advancement and in-depth study of transesterification of biodiesel from JCO. • Brief comparison of physiochemical properties in different geographical regions. • Jatropha biodiesel performance and emission characteristics in diesel engines. • A comprehensive bibliometric mapping of JCO biodiesel production. • Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis of JCO biodiesel production. Biodiesel is a low-emissions diesel substitute fuel made from renewable resources. The excessive reliance on edible oils for biodiesel production raises concerns about food-versus-fuel issues including starvation in poor nations. In contrast, non-edible plant oils are extensively utilized in developing countries due to the high cost of edible oils, also driven by their high demand as a food source. In the past few years, research efforts have been directed towards identifying cost-effective and readily available feedstocks for biodiesel production, given that 75 % of the overall production expenses depend upon the choice of feedstock. Therefore, this review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of advancements and developments associated with converting non-edible Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) into biodiesel. A brief comparison of physiochemical properties across different geographical regions is also provided. The study delves into the efficiency, combustion, and emission properties of diesel engines fueled by Jatropha biodiesel. To visualize the evolving landscape of this research, a total of 400 publications from the Scopus Collection databases, spanning the periods of 2002–2022 and 2012–2022, were analyzed using VOSviewer. Additionally, life cycle assessment (LCA) facilitates an understanding of the practical implications and benefits of employing Jatropha biodiesel as a fuel source. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), was conducted to study the economic viability of the JCO biodiesel. A brief conclusion about the potential JCO feedstock in biodiesel production and their future perspective is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Highly porous sulfonated biochar catalyst for biodiesel production using JCO. • 97.1 ± 0.4 % biodiesel yield was obtained using RSM optimized parameters. • The catalyst possesses a high surface area and pore size of 1196.13 m2 g−1 and 4.12 nm. • 4-DBS sulfonation gave a high sulfur content of 1.9 mmol g−1. • The life cycle cost analysis estimated the cost of biodiesel per kg to be 1.3 $. Herein, we aimed at the production of porous biochar by simultaneous activation-graphitization. The active sites engineered biochar catalyst was functionalized using 4-DBS, which possessed a high surface area, and sulfur content of 1196.13 m2 g−1 and 1.9 mmol g−1, respectively. We extensively analyzed the catalyst using various techniques such as XRD, FTIR, TGA, NH 3 -TPD, SEM-EDS, TEM, BET, and XPS. We used this catalyst to optimize Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) transesterification, achieving a 97.1 ± 0.4% yield with the RSM-CCD method. Kinetic studies showed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and thermodynamics indicated an endothermic, nonspontaneous process.. A life cycle assessment was conducted to assess the environmental impacts of producing biodiesel from JCO, using 1 kg of biodiesel as the reference unit. The findings revealed that the total abiotic depletion of fossil resources throughout the entire biodiesel production process amounted to 52.1 MJ, the global warming potential was equivalent to 3.17 kg of CO 2 emissions, the acidification potential was comparable to 0.027 kg of SO 2 emissions, and the eutrophication potential was 0.016 kg of PO 4 3− , human toxicity level 1.89 kg 1,4-DP eq and freshwater ecotoxicity to kg 1,4-DP equivalent for every 1 kg of biodiesel manufactured. The estimated cost of biodiesel produced was 1.3 USD ($) per kg, which mainly attributed to the high reusability of catalyst (82.5 ± 0.4% yield in 7th cycle), indicating high commercial applicability. Finally, the study proposes future recommendations based on identified gaps in the literature through innovative bibliometric analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]