36 results on '"Berglund, B."'
Search Results
2. Detection of delayed cyclicity in dairy cows based on progesterone content in monthly milk samples
- Author
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Petersson, K.-J., Strandberg, E., Gustafsson, H., Royal, M.D., and Berglund, B.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Aircraft and road traffic noise and children's cognition and health: a cross-national study
- Author
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Stansfeld, S.A., Berglund, B., Clark, C., Lopez-Barrio, I., Fischer, P., Ohrstrom, E., Haines, M.M., Head, J., Hygge, S., van Kamp, I., and Berry, B.F.
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Noise pollution -- Risk factors ,Traffic noise -- Environmental aspects ,Children -- Health aspects - Published
- 2005
4. Neglect of lactation stage leads to naive assessment of residual feed intake in dairy cattle.
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Li, B., Berglund, B., Fikse, W. F., Lassen, J., Lidauer, M. H., Mäntysaari, P., and Løvendahl, P.
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FEED utilization efficiency of cattle , *HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *LACTATION in cattle , *MILK yield , *GENETIC markers , *CATTLE - Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is a candidate trait for feed efficiency in dairy cattle. We investigated the influence of lactation stage on the effect of energy sinks in defining RFI and the genetic parameters for RFI across lactation stages for primiparous dairy cattle. Our analysis included 747 primiparous Holstein cows, each with recordings on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk composition, and body weight (BW) over 44 lactation weeks. For each individual cow, energy-corrected milk (ECM), metabolic BW (MBW), and change in BW (ΔBW) were calculated in each week of lactation and were taken as energy sinks when defining RFI. Two RFI models were considered in the analyses; RFI model [1] was a 1-step RFI model with constant partial regression coefficients of DMI on energy sinks (ECM, MBW, and ΔBW) over lactation. In RFI model [2], data from 44 lactation weeks were divided into 11 consecutive lactation periods of 4 wk in length. The RFI model [2] was identical to model [1] except that period-specific partial regressions of DMI on ECM, MBW, and ΔBW in each lactation period were allowed across lactation. We estimated genetic parameters for RFI across lactation by both models using a random regression method. Using RFI model [2], we estimated the period-specific effects of ECM, MBW, and ΔBW on DMI in all lactation periods. Based on results from RFI model [2], the partial regression coefficients of DMI on ECM, MBW, and ΔBW differed across lactation in RFI. Constant partial regression coefficients of DMI on energy sinks over lactation was not always sufficient to account for the effects across lactation and tended to give roughly average information from all period-specific effects. Heritability for RFI over 44 lactation weeks ranged from 0.10 to 0.29 in model [1] and from 0.10 to 0.23 in model [2]. Genetic variance and heritability estimates for RFI from model [2] tended to be slightly lower and more stable across lactation than those from model [1]. In both models, RFI was genetically different over lactation, especially between early and later lactation stages. Genetic correlation estimates for RFI between early and later lactation tended to be higher when using model [2] compared with model [1]. In conclusion, partial regression coefficients of DMI on energy sinks differed across lactation when modeling RFI. Neglect of lactation stage when defining RFI could affect the assessment of RFI and the estimation of genetic parameters for RFI across lactation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Multiple-trait multiple-country genetic evaluation of Holstein bulls for female fertility and milk production traits.
- Author
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Nilforooshan, M. A., Jakobsen, J. H., Fikse, W. F., Berglund, B., and Jorjani, H.
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of including milk yield data in the international genetic evaluation of female fertility traits to reduce or eliminate a possible bias because of across-country selection for milk yield. Data included two female fertility traits from Great Britain, Italy and the Netherlands, together with milk yield data from the same countries and from the United States, because the genetic trends in other countries may be influenced by selection decisions on bulls in the United States. Potentially, female fertility data had been corrected nationally for within-country selection and management biases for milk yield. Using a multiple-trait multiple across-country evaluation (MT-MACE) for the analysis of female fertility traits with milk yield, across-country selection patterns both for female fertility and milk yield can be considered simultaneously. Four analyses were performed; one single-trait multiple across-country evaluation analysis including only milk yield data, one MT-MACE analysis including only female fertility traits, and one MT-MACE analysis including both female fertility and milk yield traits. An additional MT-MACE analysis was performed including both female fertility and milk yield traits, but excluding the United States. By including milk yield traits to the analysis, female fertility reliabilities increased, but not for all bulls in all the countries by trait combinations. The presence of milk yield traits in the analysis did not considerably change the genetic correlations, genetic trends or bull rankings of female fertility traits. Even though the predicted genetic merits of female fertility traits hardly changed by including milk yield traits to the analysis, the change was not equally distributed to the whole data. The number of bulls in common between the two sets of Top 100 bulls for each trait in the two analyses of female fertility traits, with and without the four milk yield traits and their rank correlations were low, not necessarily because of the absence of the US milk yield data. The joint international genetic evaluation of female fertility traits with milk yield is recommended to make use of information on several female fertility traits from different countries simultaneously, to consider selection decisions for milk yield in the genetic evaluation of female fertility traits for obtaining more accurate estimating breeding values (EBV) and to acquire female fertility EBV for bulls evaluated for milk yield, but not for female fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2014
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6. Economic consequences of mastitis and withdrawal of milk with high somatic cell count in Swedish dairy herds.
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Nielsen, C., Østergaard, S., Emanuelson, U., Andersson, H., Berglund, B., and Strandberg, E.
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MASTITIS ,AGRICULTURE ,MILKING ,CELLS ,FARMERS - Abstract
The main aim was to assess the impact of mastitis on technical and economic results of a dairy herd under current Swedish farming conditions. The second aim was to investigate the effects obtained by withdrawing milk with high somatic cell count (SCC). A dynamic and stochastic simulation model, SimHerd, was used to study the effects of mastitis in a herd with 150 cows. Results given the initial incidence of mastitis (32 and 33 clinical and subclinical cases per 100 cow-years, respectively) were studied, together with the consequences of reducing or increasing the incidence of mastitis by 50%, modelling no clinical mastitis (CM) while keeping the incidence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) constant and vice versa. Six different strategies to withdraw milk with high SCC were compared. The decision to withdraw milk was based on herd-level information in three scenarios: withdrawal was initiated when the predicted bulk tank SCC exceeded 220 000, 200 000 or 180 000 cells/ml, and on cow-level information in three scenarios: withdrawal was initiated when the predicted SCC in an individual cow's milk exceeded 1 000 000, 750 000 or 500 000 cells/ml. The accuracy with which SCC was measured and predicted was assumed to affect the profitability of withdrawing milk with high SCC and this was investigated by applying high, low or no uncertainty to true SCC. The yearly avoidable cost of mastitis was estimated at h8235, assuming that the initial incidence of mastitis could be reduced by 50%. This cost corresponded to 5% of the herd net return given the initial incidence of mastitis. Expressed per cow-year, the avoidable cost of mastitis was h55. The costs per case of CM and SCM were estimated at €278 and €60, respectively. Withdrawing milk with high SCC was never profitable because this generated a substantial amount of milk withdrawal that was not offset by a sufficient increase in the average price per delivered kg milk. It had the most negative impact on net return when high incidence of mastitis was simulated. Withdrawing milk with high SCC based on low-uncertainty information reduced the amount of withdrawn milk and thus resulted in less negative effect on net return. It was concluded that the current milk-pricing system makes it more profitable for farmers to sell a larger amount of milk with higher SCC than to withdraw milk with high SCC to obtain payment premiums, at least in herds with mastitis incidences within the simulated ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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7. Metabolism and Udder Health at Dry-Off in Cows of Different Breeds and Production Levels.
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Odensten, M. O., Berglund, B., Waller, K. Persson, and Holtenius, K.
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MILK yield , *CATTLE parturition , *ANIMAL health , *UDDER , *ANIMAL nutrition - Abstract
The effects of milk yield at dry-off (DO), different calving intervals (CI; 12 and 15 mo) and breed on metabolism and udder health were studied in 56 primiparous and multiparous cows of the Swedish Red and White (SRB) and Swedish Holstein (SH) breeds. The cows were dried off 55 ± 5 d prior to expected parturition. They were fed 4 kg of DM as silage and wheat straw ad libitum for 5 d, and were milked in the morning of d 2 and 5. Depending on their daily milk yield, the cows were divided into 3 numerically equal groups on 2 d during the week prior to DO: low (LY; 5.0 to 11.4 kg of milk/d, n = 19), medium (MY; 11.5 to 17.7 kg of milk/d, n = 19), and high (HY; 17.8 to 29.5 kg of milk/d, n = 18). The plasma cortisol concentration increased during DO only in MY and HY cows. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids increased during DO in all groups, but the maximum nonesterified fatty acid concentration was related to the milk yield prior to DO. The plasma glucose level during the DO period was not significantly affected by yield, but the insulin concentration decreased after DO, with a more pronounced drop in the HY group. The CI 15-mo group had a higher glucose level and tended to have a higher insulin level in plasma than the CI 12-mo group before DO. They also had a higher body condition than the CI 12-mo group. The results indicate that the CI 15-mo cows had a more positive nutrient balance. There were no effects of CI on milk production or composition during DO. The SRB and SH breeds did not differ in any of the measured plasma parameters or milk production. However, the lower somatic cell counts in SRB than in SH observed before and during DO, as well as after parturition, were attributed to being an effect of breed. The proportion of cows with intramammary infections (IMI) was significantly lower just after calving in the LY group than in the other yield groups. At 2 and 3 wk after DO, significantly fewer cows in the LY group had open teat canals compared with the HY and MY groups, respectively, but teat-end condition did not differ between yield groups. The yield before DO did not significantly influence the somatic cell counts during the first 4 wk after parturition or the presence of IMI 4 wk after parturition. We concluded that in the present study, higher milk yield prior to DO gave rise to a more pronounced metabolic response and a higher risk of contracting IMI during the dry period, at calving, or both, but yield at DO did not have any long-term effects on udder health. A prolonged CI did not facilitate a rapid decrease in milk production. The SRB and SH breeds responded equally in decreasing the milk production during DO, but the SRB breed had lower somatic cell counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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8. Genetic Analysis of Postpartum Measures of Luteal Activity in Dairy Cows.
- Author
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Petersson, K.-J., Berglund, B., Strandberg, E., Gustafsson, H., Flint, A. P. F., Woolliams, J. A., and Royal, M. D.
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GENETICS , *DAIRY farms , *COW testing , *MILK , *PROGESTERONE - Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for measures of luteal activity during the first 60 d postpartum. Analyses were made with different sampling intervals to investigate the possibility of combining progesterone measurement with routinely performed milk recording. Progesterone level in milk as an indicator of female fertility when selecting sires in a progeny-testing scheme was also examined. Data were collected from 1996 to 1999, and comprised 1,212 lactations from 1,080 British Holstein-Friesian cows at 8 commercial dairy farms in the United Kingdom. Milk samples for progesterone analysis were collected thrice weekly. Mixed linear animal models were used to analyze the data. Heritability for the percentage of samples with luteal activity during the first 60 d postpartum (PLA) was 0.30 and decreased with more infrequent sampling to 0.25, 0.20, and 0.14 for weekly, twice- monthly, and monthly sampling, respectively. Measures of PLA had a high negative genetic correlation with prolonged anovulation (-0.53 for monthly sampling, < -0.87 otherwise) and a moderate positive genetic correlation with persistent corpus luteum in the first estrus cycle (>0.65 if at least twice-monthly sampling). Genetic correlations with interval from calving to commencement of luteal activity were close to -1 for all PLA measurements and the selection index calculations showed that monthly progesterone sampling could be used with high accuracy (0.80 with 50 daughters per bull) to predict breeding values for commencement of luteal activity. Progesterone analysis at the time of regular milk recording could thereby be used to select for an early interval from calving to commencement of luteal activity and, at the same time, a decreased frequency of prolonged anovulation during the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The effect of genetic defects on pregnancy loss in Swedish dairy cattle.
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Ask-Gullstrand, P., Strandberg, E., Båge, R., Rius-Vilarrasa, E., and Berglund, B.
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MISCARRIAGE , *DAIRY cattle , *CATTLE fertility , *HAPLOTYPES , *GENETIC carriers , *MILK yield - Abstract
The effect of carrier status of 10 lethal recessive genetic defects on pregnancy maintenance in Swedish dairy cattle was examined. The genetic defects were Ayrshire Haplotype 1, Ayrshire Haplotype 2, BTA12, BTA23, and Brown Swiss Haplotype 2 in Red Dairy Cattle (RDC), and Holstein Haplotype 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 (HH1–HH7) in Holstein. Effects of carrier status of BTA12 and HH3 on conception rate (CR), interval from first to last service (FLS), and milk production were also examined. Data were obtained for 1,429 herds in the Swedish milk recording system, while information on carrier status of genetic defects was obtained from the Nordic Cattle Genetic Evaluation. In total, data on 158,795 inseminations in 28,432 RDC and 22,018 Holstein females were available. Data permitted separate analyses of BTA12 and HH3, but carrier frequencies of other defects were too low to enable further analysis. Pregnancy loss was defined as failure to maintain pregnancy, where pregnancy status was confirmed with manual and chemical pregnancy diagnosis, insemination, calving, sales and culling data. Odds ratios (OR) and probabilities of pregnancy loss and CR were estimated using generalized linear mixed models, while pregnancy loss, CR, FLS, milk, protein, and fat yields were analyzed using linear mixed models. Pregnancy losses were reported on average within the first month post-AI. At-risk matings were more prone to suffer pregnancy loss in BTA12 (OR = 1.79) and HH3 carriers (OR = 1.77) than not-at-risk matings. At-risk matings also had lower CR (OR = 0.62 and 0.63 for BTA12 and HH3, respectively) than not-at-risk matings. Carrier females of BTA12 had longer FLS and higher milk production than noncarriers. Conception rate and pregnancy maintenance could be improved by avoiding at-risk matings. This finding could help reduce pregnancy loss due to genetic defects in the breeding program for improved fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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10. Genetic parameters of pregnancy loss in dairy cows estimated from pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in milk.
- Author
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Ask-Gullstrand, P., Strandberg, E., Båge, R., and Berglund, B.
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MISCARRIAGE , *DAIRY cattle , *GLYCOPROTEINS , *GENETIC correlations , *CATTLE fertility , *ARTIFICIAL insemination , *MILK contamination , *LINEAR statistical models - Abstract
This study examined the feasibility of using pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) in milk within breeding for pregnancy maintenance and assessed the genetic variation in pregnancy loss traits. A total of 374,206 PAG samples from 41,889 Swedish Red (SR) and 82,187 Swedish Holstein (SH) cows were collected at monthly test-day milkings in 1,119 Swedish herds. Pregnancy status was defined based on PAG levels and confirmed by data on artificial insemination (AI), calving, and culling from d 1 postinsemination to calving. Pregnancy loss traits were defined as embryonic loss (diagnosed 28 d to 41 d after AI), fetal loss (42 d after AI until calving), and total pregnancy loss. Least squares means (± standard error, %) and genetic parameters were estimated using mixed linear models. Heritability was estimated to be 0.02, 0.02, and 0.03 for embryonic loss, fetal loss, and total pregnancy loss, respectively. Cows with pregnancy loss had lower PAG concentrations than cows which successfully maintained pregnancy and calved. PAG recording was limited to monthly test-day milking, resulting in low estimated embryonic loss (17.5 ± 0.4 and 18.7 ± 0.4 in SR and SH, respectively) and higher fetal loss (32.8 ± 0.5 and 35.1 ± 0.5 in SR and SH, respectively). Pregnancy loss might have occurred earlier but remained undetected until the next test-day milking, when it was recorded as fetal loss rather than embryonic loss. Estimated genetic correlation between embryonic and fetal pregnancy loss traits and classical fertility traits were in general high. Identification of novel genetic traits from PAG data can be highly specific, as PAG are only secreted by the placenta. Thus, PAG could be useful indicators in selection to genetically improve pregnancy maintenance and reduce reproductive losses in milk production. Further studies are needed to clarify how these results could be applied in breeding programs concurrent with selection for classical fertility traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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11. Improving accuracy of bulls’ predicted genomic breeding values for fertility using daughters’ milk progesterone profiles.
- Author
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Tenghe, A.M.M., Bouwman, A.C., Berglund, B., de Koning, D.J., and Veerkamp, R.F.
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PHENOTYPES , *LACTATION in cattle , *HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *DAIRY cattle , *PROGESTERONE - Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the benefit of accuracy of genomic prediction when combining records for an intermediate physiological phenotype in a training population with records for a traditional phenotype. Fertility was used as a case study, where commencement of luteal activity (C-LA) was the physiological phenotype, whereas the interval from calving to first service and calving interval were the traditional phenotypes. The potential accuracy of across-country genomic prediction and optimal recording strategies of C-LA were also investigated in terms of the number of farms and number of repeated records for C-LA. Predicted accuracy was obtained by estimating population parameters for the traits in a data set of 3,136 Holstein Friesian cows with 8,080 lactations and using a deterministic prediction equation. The effect of genetic correlation, heritability, and reliability of C-LA on the accuracy of genomic prediction were investigated. When the existing training population was 10,000 bulls with reliable estimated breeding value for the traditional trait, predicted accuracy for the physiological trait increased from 0.22 to 0.57 when 15,000 cows with C-LA records were added to the bull training population; but, when the interest was in predicting the traditional trait, we found no benefit from the additional recording. When the genetic correlation was higher between the physiological and traditional traits (0.7 instead of 0.3), accuracy increased less when adding the 15.000 cows with C-LA (from 0.51 to 0.63). In across-country predictions, we observed little to no increase in accuracy of the intermediate physiological phenotype when the training population from Sweden was large, but when accuracy increased the training population was small (200 cows), from 0.19 to 0.31 when 15,000 cows were added from the Netherlands (genetic correlation of 0.5 between countries), and from 0.19 to 0.48 for genetic correlation of 0.9. The predicted accuracy initially increased substantially when recording on the same farm was extended and multiple C-LA records per cow were used in prediction compared with single records; that is, accuracy increased from 0.33 with single records to 0.38 with multiple records (on average 1.6 records per cow) from 2 yr of recording C-LA. But, when the number C-LA per cow increased beyond 2 yr of recording, we noted no substantial benefit in accuracy from multiple records. For example, for 5 yr of recording (on average 2.5 records per cow), accuracy was 0.47; on doubling the recording period to 10 yr (on average 3.1 records per cow), accuracy increased by 0.07 units, whereas when C-LA was recorded for 15 yr (on average 3.3 records per cow) accuracy increased only by 0.05 units. Therefore, for genomic prediction using expensive equipment to record traits for training populations, it is important to optimize the recording strategy. The focus should be on recording more cows rather than continuous recording on the same cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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12. Energy deficiency and stress may affect testosterone levels in male Olympic athletes.
- Author
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Hagmar, M., Berglund, B., Brismar, K., and Hirschberg, A. Lindén
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- 2010
- Full Text
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13. P71 Biomarkers of inflammation and nutrition in female Olympic athletes.
- Author
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Hagmar, M., Berglund, B., Åsberg, M., Brismar, K., and Linden Hirschberg, A.
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- 2010
- Full Text
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14. Genome-wide association study for endocrine fertility traits using single nucleotide polymorphism arrays and sequence variants in dairy cattle.
- Author
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Tenghe, A. M. M., Bouwman, A. C., Berglund, B., Strandberg, E., de Koning, D. J., and Veerkamp, R. F.
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CATTLE genetics , *CATTLE fertility , *CATTLE reproduction , *GENETIC polymorphisms , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *PROGESTERONE , *CATTLE - Abstract
Endocrine fertility traits, which are defined from progesterone concentration levels in milk, are interesting indicators of dairy cow fertility because they more directly reflect the cows own reproductive physiology than classical fertility traits, which are more biased by farm management decisions. The aim of this study was to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 7 endocrine fertility traits in dairy cows by performing a genomewide association study with 85k single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), and then fine-map targeted QTL regions, using imputed sequence variants. Two classical fertility traits were also analyzed for QTL with 85k SNP. The association between a SNP and a phenotype was assessed by single-locus regression for each SNP, using a linear mixed model that included a random polygenic effect. A total of 2,447 Holstein Friesian cows with 5,339 lactations with both phenotypes and genotypes were used for association analysis. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 to 0.15 for endocrine fertility traits and 0.03 to 0.10 for classical fertility traits. The genome-wide association study identified 17 QTL regions for endocrine fertility traits on Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) 2, 3, 8, 12, 15, 17, 23, and 25. The highest number (5) of QTL regions from the genome-wide association study was identified for the endocrine trait "proportion of samples with luteal activity." Overlapping QTL regions were found between endocrine traits on BTA 2, 3, and 17. For the classical trait calving to first service, 3 QTL regions were identified on BTA 3, 15, and 23, and an overlapping region was identified on BTA 23 with endocrine traits. Fine-mapping target regions for the endocrine traits on BTA 2 and 3 using imputed sequence variants confirmed the QTL from the genome-wide association study, and identified several associated variants that can contribute to an index of markers for genetic improvement of fertility. Several potential candidate genes underlying endocrine fertility traits were also identified in the target regions and are discussed. However, due to high linkage disequilibrium, it was not possible to specify genes or polymorphisms as causal factors for any of the regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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15. Internal and external force fields and normal vibrations of the water molecules in Ba(ClO 3) 2.H 2O and K 2C 2O 4.H 2O
- Author
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Eriksson, A., Hussein, M.A., Berglund, B., Tegenfeldt, J., and Lindgren, J.
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- 1979
- Full Text
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16. Temperature dependence of the deuterium quadrupole coupling in Ba(ClO 3) 2.D 2O and K 2C 2O 4.D 2O
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Berglund, B., Eriksson, A., Lindgren, J., and Tegenfeldt, J.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
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17. Corrections to the OH bond lengths and HOH angles of the water molecules in crystalline hydrates. Application to Ba(ClO 3) 2.H 2O and K 2C 2O 4.H 2O
- Author
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Eriksson, A., Berglund, B., Tegenfeldt, J., and Lindgren, J.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Optimising lactation cycles for the high-yielding dairy cow. A European perspective
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Bertilsson, J., Berglund, B., Ratnayake, G., Svennersten-Sjaunja, K., and Wiktorsson, H.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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19. Somatic cell count as a selection criterion for mastitis resistance in dairy cattle
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Philipsson, J., Ral, G., and Berglund, B.
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- 1995
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20. Joint representation of physical locations and volatile organic compounds in indoor air from a healthy and a sick building
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Berglund, U., Noma, E., Baird, J. C. Baird, Berglund, B., and Johansson, I.
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ORGANIC compounds ,POLLUTION ,REACTIVITY (Chemistry) - Published
- 1988
21. Estimating genetic parameters for fertility in dairy cows from in-line milk progesterone profiles.
- Author
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Tenghe, A. M. M., Bouwman, A. C., Berglund, B., Strandberg, E., Blom, J. Y., and Veerkamp, R. F.
- Subjects
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CATTLE fertility , *PROGESTERONE , *HERITABILITY , *MILK yield , *HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle - Abstract
The aim of this study was to define endocrine fertility traits from in-line milk progesterone (P4) records and to estimate genetic parameters for these traits. Correlations of classical fertility (calving interval and calving to first service) and milk production traits with endocrine fertility traits were also estimated. In-line milk P4 records (n = 160,952) collected from June 2009 through November 2013 for 2,273 lactations of 1,561 Holstein-Friesian cows in 12 commercial herds in the Netherlands were analyzed for (the log of) the number of days from calving till commencement of luteal activity (lnC-LA), proportion of samples between 25 and 60 d in milk with luteal activity (PLA), presence or absence of luteal activity for a cow between 25 and 60 d in milk, interval from commencement of luteal activity to first service (CLAFS), first luteal phase length, length of first interluteal interval, and length of first interovulatory interval. Milk P4 records were sampled, on average, every 2 d. Genetic parameters were estimated using a mixed linear animal model. Heritability estimates (±SE) of endocrine fertility traits were 0.12 ± 0.05 for lnC-LA, 0.12 ± 0.05 for PLA, and 0.11 ± 0.06 for CLAFS, and their repeatability estimates were 0.29 ± 0.04, 0.21 ± 0.04, and 0.15 ± 0.06, respectively. The genetic correlation of lnC-LA with PLA was -0.91 ± 0.06 and with CLAFS was -0.56 ± 0.25. The genetic correlations of lnC-LA were 0.26 ± 0.33 with calving interval and 0.37 ± 0.21 with calving to first service. Genetic correlations of the milk production traits with lnC-LA ranged from 0.04 to 0.18 and 0.07 to 0.65 with classical fertility traits. The phenotypic correlations of all endocrine fertility traits with milk production traits were close to zero (0.01 to 0.07). This study shows that in-line P4 records can be used to define and explore several heritable endocrine fertility traits in dairy cows and might help in selection for improved fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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22. Short communication: Quantifying bias in a single-trait international model ignoring covariances from multiple-trait national models.
- Author
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Nilforooshan, M. A., Fikse, W. F., Berglund, B., Jakobsen, J. H., and Jorjani, H.
- Subjects
- *
CATTLE genome mapping , *CATTLE genetics , *HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *CATTLE fertility , *ANALYSIS of covariance , *CATTLE breeds , *STATISTICAL correlation - Published
- 2011
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23. Relationship between somatic cell count and milk yield in different stages of lactation.
- Author
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Hagnestam-Nielsen, C., Emanuelson, U., Berglund, B., and Strandberg, E.
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SOMATIC cells , *MILK yield , *LACTATION , *MASTITIS , *HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *DAIRY cattle breeds , *DAIRY industry - Abstract
The association between somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk yield in different stages of lactation was investigated in cows free of clinical mastitis (CM). Data were recorded between 1989 and 2004 in a research herd, and consisted of weekly test-day (TD) records from 1,155 lactations of Swedish Holstein and Swedish Red cows. The main data set (data set A) containing 36,117 records excluded TD affected by CM. In this data set, the geometric mean SCC was 55,000 and 95,000 cells/mL in primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively. A subset of data set A (data set B), containing 27,753 records excluding all TD sampled in lactations affected by CM, was created to investigate the effect of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in lactations free of CM. Daily milk yields were analyzed using a mixed linear model with lactation stage; linear, quadratic and cubic regressions of log2-transformed and centered SCC nested within lactation stage; weeks in lactation; TD season; parity; breed; pregnancy status; year-season of calving; calving, reproductive, metabolic and claw disorders; and housing system as fixed effects. A random regression was included to further improve the modeling of the lactation curve. Primiparous and multiparous cows were analyzed separately. The magnitude of daily milk loss associated with increased SCC depended on stage of lactation and parity, and was most extensive in late lactation irrespective of parity. In data set A, daily milk loss at an SCC of 500,000 cells/mL ranged from 0.7 to 2.0 kg (3 to 9%) in primiparous cows, depending on stage of lactation. In multiparous cows, corresponding loss was 1.1 to 3.7 kg (4 to 18%). Regression coefficients of primiparous cows estimated from data set B were consistent with those obtained from data set A, whereas data set B generated more negative regression coefficients of multiparous cows suggesting a higher milk loss associated with increased SCC in lactations in which the cow did not develop CM. The 305-d milk loss in the average lactation affected with SCM was 155 kg of milk (2%) in primiparous cows and 445 kg of milk (5%) in multiparous cows. It was concluded that multiparous cows in late lactation can be expected to be responsible for the majority of the herd-level production loss caused by SCM, and that preventive measures need to focus on reducing the incidence of SCM in such cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
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24. Yield Losses Associated with Clinical Mastitis Occurring in Different Weeks of Lactation.
- Author
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Hagnestam, C., Emanuelson, U., and Berglund, B.
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DAIRY cattle breeds , *MASTITIS , *MILK yield , *DAIRY farming , *CATTLE diseases - Abstract
The effects of the first lactational incidence of clinical mastitis (CM) on milk, fat, and protein production were studied in the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds. The data consisted of 38,535 weekly production records from 1,192 lactations (506 cows), sampled from 1987 to 2004 in one of the university's research herds. Daily yields were analyzed using a repeated-measures mixed model with an interaction between mastitis index and lactational stage, breed, parity, reproductive status, year-season of calving, and various indices for other disorders as independent variables. The indices were used to distinguish between cows with and without the studied diagnoses, as well as to indicate time (test day) in relation to day of diagnosis. Inclusion of the interaction made it possible to study the effects of CM occurring in different weeks of lactation. Primiparous and multiparous cows were analyzed separately, and the yields of nonmastitic cows were used as a reference for the production level in healthy cows. Lactational (305-d) yield losses were extrapolated from the daily estimates. High milk yield was predisposing to CM. Daily milk yield started to decline 2 to 4 wk before diagnosis. On the day of clinical onset, the milk yield of mastitic cows was reduced by 1 to 8 kg. After a case of CM, milk yield was suppressed throughout lactation. The magnitude of the yield losses was determined by the week of lactation at clinical onset. The greatest losses occurred when primiparous cows developed CM in wk 6, whereas multiparous cows experienced the greatest losses when diseased in wk 3. The 305-d milk, fat, and protein production in mastitic primiparous cows were reduced by 0 to 9, 0 to 8, and 0 to 7%, respectively. The corresponding reductions in mastitic multiparous cows were 0 to 11, 0 to 12, and 0 to 11%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Genetic Effects on Stillbirth and Calving Difficulty in Swedish Holsteins at First and Second Calving.
- Author
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Steinbock, L., Nasholm, A., Berglund, B., Johanssont, K., and Philipsson, J.
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GENETICS , *STILLBIRTH in animals , *HEIFERS , *CALVES , *CATTLE parturition - Abstract
Presents a study which estimated genetic parameters for direct and maternal effects for both stillbirth rate and calving difficulty for first- and second-calvers. Materials and methods used; Incidence levels for stillbirth and calving difficulty; Age of the heifer at calving in connection with sex of calf; Genetic groups of the sires and maternal grandsires of the calves; Genetic correlation between stillbirth rate and calving.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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26. Genetic parameters for reproductive losses estimated from in-line milk progesterone profiles in Swedish dairy cattle.
- Author
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Ask-Gullstrand, P., Strandberg, E., Båge, R., Christensen, J.M., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
- *
DAIRY cattle , *LACTATION , *CATTLE fertility , *ESTRUS , *PROGESTERONE , *GENETIC correlations , *MILK yield , *LEAST squares - Abstract
This study assessed the extent of reproductive losses and associated genetic parameters in dairy cattle, using in-line milk progesterone records for 14 Swedish herds collected by DeLaval's Herd Navigator. A total of 330,071 progesterone samples were linked to 10,219 inseminations (AI) from 5,238 lactations in 1,457 Swedish Red and 1,847 Swedish Holstein cows. Pregnancy loss traits were defined as early embryonic loss (1–24 d after AI), late embryonic loss (25–41 d after AI), fetal loss (42 d after AI until calving), and total pregnancy loss (from d 1 after AI until calving). The following classical fertility traits were also analyzed: interval from calving to first service, interval from calving to last service, interval between first and last service, calving interval, and number of inseminations per service period. Least squares means with standard error (LSM ± SE), heritabilities, and genetic correlations were estimated in a mixed linear model. Fixed effects included breed, parity (1, 2, ≥3), estrus cycle number when the AI took place, and a linear regression on 305-d milk yield. Herd by year and season of AI, cow, and permanent environmental effect were considered random effects. Extensive (approximately 45%) early embryonic loss was found, but with no difference between the breeds. Swedish Red was superior to Swedish Holstein in the remaining pregnancy loss traits with, respectively: late embryonic loss of 6.1 ± 1.2% compared with 13.3 ± 1.1%, fetal loss of 7.0 ± 1.2% compared with 12.3 ± 1.2%, and total pregnancy loss of 54.4 ± 1.4% compared with 60.6 ± 1.4%. Swedish Red also had shorter calving to first service and calving to last service than Swedish Holstein. Estimated heritability was 0.03, 0.06, and 0.02 for early embryonic, late embryonic, and total pregnancy loss, respectively. Milk yield was moderately genetically correlated with both early and late embryonic loss (0.52 and 0.39, respectively). The pregnancy loss traits were also correlated with several classical fertility traits (−0.46 to 0.92). In conclusion, Swedish Red cows had lower reproductive loss during late embryonic stage, fetal stage, and in total, and better fertility than Swedish Holstein cows. The heritability estimates for pregnancy loss traits were of the same order of magnitude as previously reported for classical fertility traits. These findings could be valuable in work to determine genetic variation in reproductive loss and its potential usefulness as an alternative fertility trait to be considered in genetic or genomic evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Genetic parameters of endocrine fertility traits based on in-line milk progesterone profiles in Swedish Red and Holstein dairy cows.
- Author
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Tarekegn, G.M., Gullstrand, P., Strandberg, E., Båge, R., Rius-Vilarrasa, E., Christensen, J.M., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
- *
LACTATION in cattle , *FERTILITY , *COWS , *PROGESTERONE , *GENETIC correlations , *LUTEAL phase - Abstract
Evaluating fertility traits based on endocrine progesterone profiles is becoming a promising option to improve dairy cow fertility. Several studies have been conducted on endocrine fertility traits, mainly in the Holstein breed. In this study, focusing also on the Swedish Red (SR) breed, genetic parameters were estimated for classical and endocrine fertility traits, the latter based on in-line milk progesterone records obtained for 14 Swedish herds using DeLaval Herd Navigator (DeLaval International, Tumba, Sweden). A total of 210,403 observations from 3,437 lactations of 1,107 SR and 1,538 Holstein cows were used. Mixed linear animal models were used for estimation of genetic parameters. Least squares means analysis showed that Holstein cows had a 2.5-d-shorter interval from calving to commencement of luteal activity (C-LA) and longer length of first inter-ovulatory interval (IOI) than SR cows. The highest mean interval for C-LA, IOI, and first luteal phase length (LPL) was observed in the fourth parity. The incidence of short (<18 d), normal, (18–24 d), and long (>24 d) IOI was 29.3, 40.7, and 30%, respectively. Genetic analysis indicated moderate heritability (h 2) for C-LA (h 2 = 0.24), luteal activity during the first 60 d in milk (LA60, h 2 = 0.15), proportion of samples with luteal activity (PLA, h 2 = 0.13), and calving to first heat (CFH, h 2 = 0.18), and low heritability estimates for LPL (h 2 = 0.08) and IOI (h 2 = 0.03) in the combined data set for both breeds. Similar heritability estimates were obtained for each breed separately except for IOI and LPL in SR cows, for which heritability was estimated to be zero. Swedish Red cows had 0.01 to 0.06 higher heritability estimates for C-LA, LA60, and PLA than did Holstein cows. Calving interval had moderate heritability among the classical traits for Holstein and the combined data set, but h 2 was zero for SR. Commencement of luteal activity had a strong genetic correlation with LA60 (mean ± SE; −0.88 ± 0.06), PLA (−0.72 ± 0.11), and CFH (0.90 ± 0.04). Similarly, CFH had a strong genetic correlation with IOI (0.98 ± 0.20). Number of inseminations per series showed a weak genetic correlation with all endocrine traits except IOI. Overall, endocrine traits had higher heritability estimates than classical traits in both breeds, and may have a better potential to explain the actual reproductive status of dairy cows than classical traits. This might favor inclusion of some endocrine fertility traits—especially those related to commencement of luteal activity—as selection criteria and breeding goal traits if recording becomes more common in herds. Further studies on genetic and genomic evaluations for endocrine fertility traits may help to provide firm conclusions. A prerequisite is that the data from automatic devices be made available to recording and breeding organizations in the future and included in a central database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Genome-wide association study of normal and atypical progesterone profiles in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows.
- Author
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Nyman, S., Duchemin, S.I., de Koning, D.J., and Berglund, B.
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- *
FERTILITY , *DAIRY cattle , *COWS , *PROGESTERONE , *PHENOTYPES , *CHROMOSOMES - Abstract
Female fertility has a major role in dairy production and affects the profitability of dairy cattle. The genetic progress obtained by traditional selection can be slow because of the low heritability of classical fertility traits. Endocrine fertility traits based on progesterone concentration in milk have higher heritability and more directly reflect the cow’s own reproductive physiology. The aim of our study was to identify genomic regions for 7 endocrine fertility traits in dairy cows by performing a genome-wide association study with 54,000 SNP. The next step was to fine-map targeted genomic regions with significant SNP using imputed sequences to identify potential candidate genes associated with the normal and atypical progesterone profiles. The association between a SNP and a phenotype was assessed by a single SNP analysis, using a linear mixed model that included a random polygenic effect. Phenotypes and genotypes were available for 1,126 primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows from research herds in Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. In total, 44 significant SNP associated with 7 endocrine fertility traits were identified on Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 1–4, 6, 8–9, 11–12, 14–17, 19, 21–24, and 29. Three chromosomes, BTA8, BTA17, and BTA23, were imputed from 54,000 SNP genotypes to the whole-genome sequence level with Beagle version 4.1. The fine-mapping identified several significant associations with delayed cyclicity, cessation of cyclicity, commencement of luteal activity, and inter-ovulatory interval. These associations may contribute to an index of markers for genetic improvement of fertility. Several potential candidate genes reported to affect reproduction were also identified in the targeted genomic regions. However, due to high linkage disequilibrium, it was not possible to identify putative causal genes or polymorphisms for any of the regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Genetic heterogeneity of feed intake, energy-corrected milk, and body weight across lactation in primiparous Holstein, Nordic Red, and Jersey cows.
- Author
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Li, B., Fikse, W.F., Løvendahl, P., Lassen, J., Lidauer, M.H., Mäntysaari, P., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
- *
DRY matter in animal nutrition , *HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *MILK yield , *CATTLE breeding , *LACTATION in cattle - Abstract
In this study, we aimed to estimate and compare the genetic parameters of dry matter intake (DMI), energycorrected milk (ECM), and body weight (BW) as 3 feed efficiency-related traits across lactation in 3 dairy cattle breeds (Holstein, Nordic Red, and Jersey). The analyses were based on weekly records of DMI, ECM, and BW per cow across lactation for 842 primiparous Holstein cows, 746 primiparous Nordic Red cows, and 378 primiparous Jersey cows. A random regression model was applied to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for DMI, ECM, and BW in each lactation week within each breed. Phenotypic means of DMI, ECM, and BW observations across lactation showed to be in very similar patterns between breeds, whereas breed differences lay in the average level of DMI, ECM, and BW. Generally, for all studied breeds, the heritability for DMI ranged from 0.2 to 0.4 across lactation and was in a range similar to the heritability for ECM. The heritability for BW ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 across lactation, higher than the heritability for DMI or ECM. Among the studied breeds, the heritability estimates for DMI shared a very similar range between breeds, whereas the heritability estimates for ECM tended to be different between breeds. For BW, the heritability estimates also tended to follow a similar range between breeds. Among the studied traits, the genetic variance and heritability for DMI varied across lactation, and the genetic correlations between DMI at different lactation stages were less than unity, indicating a genetic heterogeneity of feed intake across lactation in dairy cattle. In contrast, BW was the most genetically consistent trait across lactation, where BW among all lactation weeks was highly correlated. Genetic correlations between DMI, ECM, and BW changed across lactation, especially in early lactation. Energy-corrected milk had a low genetic correlation with both DMI and BW at the beginning of lactation, whereas ECM was highly correlated with DMI in mid and late lactation. Based on our results, genetic heterogeneity of DMI, ECM, and BW across lactation generally was observed in all studied dairy breeds, especially for DMI, which should be carefully considered for the recording strategy of these traits. The genetic correlations between DMI, ECM, and BW changed across lactation and followed similar patterns between breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Effect of energy balance profiles on metabolic and reproductive response in Holstein and Swedish Red cows.
- Author
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Ntallaris, T., Humblot, P., Båge, R., Sjunnesson, Y., Dupont, J., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
- *
HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *SWEDISH red & white cattle , *BIOENERGETICS , *CATTLE reproduction , *METABOLISM , *CATTLE - Abstract
This study examined the effect of two feeding levels during the antepartum and postpartum period on reproductive performance and blood metabolites (glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin) in primiparous Holstein and Swedish Red (SRB) cows, in order to identify possible differences in the way these breeds respond to negative energy balance after calving. A total of 44 cows (22 Holstein, 22 SRB) kept in a loose housing system were included in the study. The control group (HE, n = 23) was fed a diet for high-producing cows (target 35 kg/d energycorrected milk, ECM). A lower feeding intensity (LE, n = 21) was achieved by giving -50% concentrate to target 25 kg/d ECM. Diets were implemented 30 days before expected calving and the cows were monitored for 120 days postpartum. Milk yield and composition, dry matter intake (DMI), live body weight and body condition score (BCS) were assessed to calculate the weekly energy balance (residual feed intake). Blood sampling started before diet implementation and was repeated every 2 weeks until Day 60 postpartum and then once monthly until Day 120. Plasma was kept at −20 °C until analysis for glucose, insulin and NEFA concentrations. Mixed linear models were used to analyse data (SAS 9.3; PROC MIXED). Holstein cows had lower mean energy balance than SRB cows (−4.7 ± 1.4 and −0.9 ± 1.4 MJ, respectively; p = 0.05). SRB cows had higher (p<0.001) BCS (3.3 ± 0.1) than Holstein cows (2.7 ± 0.1) and also higher plasma glucose concentrations from Day -30 to Day 120 relative to parturition (4.1 ± 0.1 and 4.2 ± 0.1 log ; mg/100 ml, respectively; p < 0.05). Overall, breed or diet had no effect on NEFA blood plasma concentrations. However, plasma NEFA concentration levels tended to be higher (p = 0.09) in SRB cows than in Holsteins at Day -14 before calving, indicating higher mobilisation of lipid from adipose tissue already before calving. In contrast, Holstein cows had higher NEFA at Day 14 postpartum than SRB cows (p < 0.05). There were no significant effects of diet or breed on reproductive performance (% pregnant at first AI, days open). However, commencement of luteal activity within 21d postpartum was affected (p < 0.05) by the interaction of breed and diet. These results suggest that Holstein cows prioritise milk production to a larger extent than SRB cows, resulting in a less balanced metabolic profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Genetic parameters for dry matter intake in primiparous Holstein, Nordic Red, and Jersey cows in the first half of lactation.
- Author
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Li, B., Fikse, W. F., Lassen, J., Lidauer, M. H., Løvendahl, P., Mäntysaari, P., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
- *
DRY matter in animal nutrition , *DAIRY cattle feeding & feeds , *LACTATION in cattle , *HERITABILITY , *GENETIC correlations , *CATTLE - Abstract
Dry matter intake (DMI) is a key component of feed efficiency in dairy cattle. In this study, we estimated genetic parameters of DMI over the first 24 lactation weeks in 3 dairy cattle breeds: Holstein, Nordic Red, and Jersey. In total, 1,656 primiparous cows (717 Holstein, 663 Nordic Red, and 276 Jersey) from Denmark, Finland, and Sweden were studied. For each breed, variance components, heritability, and repeatability for weekly DMI were estimated in 6 consecutive periods of the first 24 lactation weeks based on a repeatability animal model. Genetic correlations for DMI between different lactation periods were estimated using bivariate models. Based on our results, Holstein and Nordic Red cows had similar DMI at the beginning of lactation, but later in lactation Holstein cows had a slightly higher DMI than Nordic Red cows. In comparison, Jersey cows had a significantly lower DMI than the other 2 breeds within the first 24 lactation weeks. Heritability estimates for DMI ranged from 0.20 to 0.40 in Holsteins, 0.25 to 0.41 in Nordic Red, and 0.17 to 0.42 in Jerseys within the first 24 lactation weeks. Genetic and phenotypic variances for DMI varied along lactation within each breed and tended to be higher in the middle of lactation than at the beginning of the lactation. High genetic correlations were noted for DMI in lactation wk 5 to 24 in all 3 breeds, whereas DMI at early lactation (lactation wk 1 to 4) tended to be genetically different from DMI in the middle of lactation. The 3 breeds in this study might differ in their genetic variances for DMI, but the differences were not statistically significant in most of the studied periods. Breed differences for the genetic variance tended to be more obvious than for heritability. The potential breed differences in genetic variation for DMI should be considered in a future study using feed intake information from multiple breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Two models of accessibility to railway traveling for vulnerable, elderly persons.
- Author
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Sundling, C., Emardson, R., Pendrill, L.R., Nilsson, M.E., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
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TRAVEL , *OLDER people , *PUBLIC transit , *TOURIST attractions , *TRAVELERS , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Public transport mobility is restricted for the vulnerable travelers, e.g., those with functional limitations. By removing barriers, a more flexible and independent travel behavior is accomplished. For whole-trip traveling, we model accessibility as a three-way reciprocal relationship among travelers’ functional ability, barriers met and resulting travel behaviors. For every journey and destination, an accessibility measure is constructed from all barriers’ weights and the probabilities of encountering each of them in traveling to specific destinations. The accessibility to whole-trip traveling is then modeled by travelers’ individual weightings of sets of barriers and the probabilities of encountering them. By using specific reference values, as in master scaling, we estimate the measurement error for each participant’s perceived effort to overcome a certain barrier, and thus obtain a calibrated measure of accessibility. We conclude that customized abatement procedures must accomplish better accessibility for all, especially for the vulnerable travelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Genetic analysis of atypical progesterone profiles in Holstein-Friesian cows from experimental research herds.
- Author
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Nyman, S., Johansson, K., de Koning, D. J., Berry, D. P., Veerkamp, R. F., Wall, E., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
- *
HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle , *PROGESTERONE , *FERTILITY , *DAIRY farming , *DAIRY industry - Abstract
The objective of this study was to quantify the genetic variation in normal and atypical progesterone profiles and investigate if this information could be useful in an improved genetic evaluation for fertility for dairy cows. The phenotypes derived from normal profiles included cycle length traits, including commencement of luteal activity (C-LA), interluteal interval, luteal phase length. and interovulatory interval. In total, 44,977 progesterone test-day records were available from 1,612 lactations on 1,122 primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows from Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The atypical progesterone profiles studied were delayed cyclicity, prolonged luteal phase, and cessation of cyclicity. Variance components for the atypical progesterone profiles were estimated using a sire linear mixed model, whereas an animal linear mixed model was used to estimate variance components for the cycle length traits. Heritability was moderate for delayed cyclicity (0.24 ± 0.05) and C-LA (0.18 ± 0.04) but low for prolonged luteal phase (0.02 ± 0.04), luteal phase length (0.08 ± 0.05), interluteal interval (0.08 ± 0.14), and interovulatory interval (0.03 ± 0.04). No genetic variation was detected for cessation of cyclicity. Commencement of luteal activity, luteal phase length, and interovulatory interval were moderately to strongly genetically correlated with days from calving to first service (0.35 ± 0.12, 0.25 ± 0.14, and 0.76 ± 0.24, respectively). Delayed cyclicity and C-LA are traits that can be important in both genetic evaluations and management of fertility to detect (earlier) cows at risk of compromised fertility. Delayed cyclicity and C-LA were both strongly genetically correlated with milk yield in early lactation (0.57 ± 0.14 and 0.45 ± 0.09, respectively), which may imply deterioration in these traits with selection for greater milk yield without cognizance of other traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Atypical Progesterone Profiles and Fertility in Swedish Dairy Cows.
- Author
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Petersson, K.-J., Gustafsson, H., Strandberg, E., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
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COWS , *FERTILITY , *PROGESTERONE , *OVARIES , *PUERPERAL disorders - Abstract
The incidence of normal and atypical progesterone profiles in Swedish dairy cows was studied. Data were collected from an experimental herd over 15 yr, and included 1,049 postpartum periods from 183 Swedish Holstein and 326 Swedish Red and White dairy cows. Milk progesterone samples were taken twice weekly until initiation of cyclical ovarian activity and less frequently thereafter. Progesterone profiles were 1) normal profile: first rise in milk progesterone above the threshold value before d 56 postpartum, followed by regular cyclical ovarian activity (70.4%); 2) delayed onset of cyclical ovarian activity: low milk progesterone the first 56 d postpartum (15.6%); 3) cessation of cyclical ovarian activity: ovarian activity resumed within 56 d postpartum, but ceased for a period of 14 d or more (6.6%); and 4) prolonged luteal phase: ovarian activity resumed within 56 d postpartum, but milk progesterone remained elevated in the nonpregnant cow for a period of 20 d or more (7.3%). Swedish Holsteins had 1.5 times higher risk of atypical profile than Swedish Red and Whites. Risk of atypical profiles was 0.5 and 0.7 times lower for older cows compared with first-parity cows; 2.3 times higher for cows in tie-stalls compared with those in loose housing; 2.6 times higher for cows calving during winter compared with summer; 0.5 times lower for cows in earlier (1994-1999) calving-year groups compared with the most recent (2000-2002); 2.5 times higher for cows with planned extended calving interval compared with conventional calving interval; and 2.2 times higher for an atypical profile in previous lactation compared with a normal profile. Cows with atypical profiles had a 15-d increase in interval from calving to first artificial insemination and an 18-d increase in interval from calving to conception. Progesterone samples taken within the first 60 d postpartum were used to calculate the percentage of samples above the threshold value of luteal activity. This measure had a significantly different mean in profiles and can be used to separate delayed onset of cyclical ovarian activity profiles and prolonged luteal phase profiles from normal. Thereby, it may be a more effective tool than measurements based only on the onset of ovarian cyclical activity in genetic evaluation of early postpartum fertility in dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Environmental effects on progesterone profile measures of dairy cow fertility
- Author
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Petersson, K.-J., Strandberg, E., Gustafsson, H., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
- *
MILK yield , *DAIRY farms , *CATTLE parturition , *OVULATION - Abstract
Abstract: Environmental effects on fertility measures early in lactation, such as the interval from calving to first luteal activity (CLA), proportion of samples with luteal activity during the first 60 days after calving (PLA) and interval to first ovulatory oestrus (OOE) were studied. In addition, traditional measurements of fertility, such as pregnancy to first insemination, number of inseminations per service period and interval from first to last insemination were studied as well as associations between the early and late measurements. Data were collected from an experimental herd during 15 years and included 1106 post-partum periods from 191 Swedish Holsteins and 325 Swedish Red and White dairy cows. Individual milk progesterone samples were taken twice a week until cyclicity and thereafter less frequently. First parity cows had 14.8 and 18.1 days longer CLA (LS-means difference) than second parity cows and older cows, respectively. Moreover, CLA was 10.5 days longer for cows that calved during the winter season compared with the summer season and 7.5 days longer for cows in tie-stalls than cows in loose-housing system. Cows treated for mastitis and lameness had 8.4 and 18.0 days longer CLA, respectively, compared with healthy cows. OOE was affected in the same way as CLA by the different environmental factors. PLA was a good indicator of CLA, and there was a high correlation (−0.69) between these two measurements. Treatment for lameness had a significant influence on all late fertility measurements, whereas housing was significant only for pregnancy to first insemination. All fertility traits were unfavourably associated with increased milk production. Regression of late fertility measurements on early fertility measurements had only a minor association with conception at first AI and interval from first to last AI for cows with conventional calving intervals, i.e. a 22 days later, CLA increased the interval from first to last insemination by 3.4 days. Early measurements had repeatabilities of 0.14–0.16, indicating a higher influence by the cow itself compared with late measurements, which had repeatabilities of 0.09–0.10. Our study shows that early fertility measurements have a possibility to be used in breeding for better fertility. To improve the early fertility of the cow, there are a number of important factors that have to be taken into account. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Single-step genome-wide association study uncovers known and novel candidate genomic regions for endocrine and classical fertility traits in Swedish Red and Holstein dairy cows.
- Author
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Tarekegn, G.M., Strandberg, E., Andonov, S., Båge, R., Ask-Gullstrand, P., Rius-Vilarrasa, E., Christensen, J.M., and Berglund, B.
- Subjects
- *
GENOME-wide association studies , *CATTLE fertility , *DAIRY cattle , *FERTILITY , *CATTLE genetics , *EFFECT of environment on animals , *LUTEAL phase - Abstract
• In this study, the novel endocrine and classical fertility traits of Swedish dairy herds were evaluated using in-line milk progesterone profiles in ssGWAS approach. • The genomic regions associated with the endocrine and classical traits were identified. • A total of 20 QTLs, of which 18 of them are novel, were detected. The novel QTL regions embedded candidate genes (ATG7, GPI, GJA1, PPP3CA, ECT2, ARHGAP20, PHLDB1, CACNA1D, CCNE1, CDH13, PLD1, FBN2, KIF3A, FGF12, KCNMB2, MAN1A1, KCNN2, SMAD6, MAPK8IP1, PHF21A, LPXN, MMRN1, KCNIP4, NID2, PCDHGA8, GRIA1, PCDHGB4, PHLDB2, STXBP5L, PTPRR, SRGAP1, SNX27, SPTA1, S100A10, TBC1D20 and ITCH) that are associated with endocrine and classical fertility traits. • The candidate QTL regions provide insights into the genetic basis of endocrine and classical fertility in SR and Holstein dairy breeds. In a study aiming to identify candidate genomic regions associated with endocrine and classical fertility traits in Swedish Red (SR) and Holstein cows, data on 3955 lactations in 1164 SR and 1672 Holstein cows were examined. The dataset comprised milk progesterone (P4) levels (n = 341,212) in 14 Swedish herds, automatically collected and analyzed in-line using the DeLaval Herd Navigator™. Endocrine traits studied were: days from calving to commencement of luteal activity (C-LA), first luteal phase length (LPL), length of first inter-luteal interval, length of first inter-ovulatory interval (IOI), luteal activity during the first 60 DIM, and proportion of samples with luteal activity during the first 60 DIM. Classical fertility traits based on insemination data were also investigated, such as days from calving to last insemination and calving interval. A total of 180 SR and 312 Holstein cows were genotyped with a low-density SNP chip and imputed to 50 K. Single-step genome-wide association (ssGWAS) was used to explore candidate genomic regions associated with fertility traits. A mixed linear single-trait animal model was fitted, considering season and parity as fixed effects and animal and permanent environment as random effects. The results revealed 990 and 415 SNPs above the threshold (-log (p -value) ≥4) for SR and Holstein cows, respectively. The breeds shared only eight SNPs significantly associated with fertility traits. Annotation analysis revealed 281 SNPs located in 241 genes. Functional enrichment analysis using DAVID tools reduced the number to 80 genes, which were mediated in various biological processes and KEGG pathways in multiple functions, including folliculogenesis, embryogenesis, uterine growth and development, immune response, and ovarian cysts. Of the 80 genes, 67 were associated with fertility traits in SR cows and 13 in Holstein. Most genes were associated with LPL and IOI in SR cows, but in Holstein the only association with an endocrine trait was with C-LA. Twenty QTL regions that embedded 40 genes were associated with fertility traits in both breeds. All the QTLs detected, except at BTA2 and BTA19 are novel QTL regions that were not reported previously. These novel QTL regions embedded the candidate genes that include ARHGAP20, PHLDB1, CACNA1D, ATG7, CCNE1, GPI, CDH13, ECT2, PLD1, FBN2, KIF3A, FGF12, KCNMB2, GJA1, MAN1A1, KCNN2, SMAD6, MAPK8IP1, PHF21A, LPXN, MMRN1, KCNIP4, NID2, PCDHGA8, GRIA1, PCDHGB4, PHLDB2, STXBP5L, PPP3CA, PTPRR, SRGAP1, SNX27, SPTA1, S100A10, TBC1D20 and ITCH. The candidate regions may help to improve genetic progress in female fertility if used in selection decisions. A challenge for future research is to determine why different regions seem relevant for different traits and breeds, and the practical implications for genomic selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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