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Abstract: Cytotoxic chemotherapy suppresses the haematopoietic system, febrile neutropenia is the most serious haematological toxicity associated with the risk of life-threating infections. We present a retrospective study of 200episodes of febrile neutropenia in 128patients traited in department of medical oncology. The aim of this study was to determinate the clinical, therapeutic and evolutive characteristics in patients treated essencially for solid tumors. Among these patients, 72% of them have at least two episodes, the median age was 34 years with extremes six and 75years. It has been noticed that 26.3% of patients have diabetes, the dominate neoplasm was solid tumors in 79.7%, 65% of patients have received preventif colony-stimulating factors, 83% have received preventif buccal disinfection with antifongic. The median duration of hospitalisation was 12days, the median delay of febrile neutropenia was 10days with extremes two and 31days, median duration of febrile neutopenia was 5.45days with extremes one and 24days. Among these cases, 9.45% of them have nadir zero, 68% of patients have clinical documented infections, ORL in 47% of cases. According to the study, 12% of cases have documented microbiological fever, the sites was urinary in 33% of cases, blood in 33% of cases, derm in 30% of cases. The microbe was staphylococcus negative coagulase in 37.5% essentially in blood and derm, the Echerichia coli in 20.8% essentially in urinary and blood. First line antibiotherapy was cefotaxim associated with amikacine in 93.5%, second line antibiotherapy was association of imipenam and amikacine in 82% of cases. Among these cases,7% of them have received anti-staphylococcus, and antifongic treatment in 50% of cases. The thermic defervescence was obtainted in median delay of 2.8days. We have noted nine deaths (22% of cases). Recent surveys indicate that neutropenia remains a prevalent problem associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and costs. The colony-stimulating have used effectively in a variety of clinical settings to prevent or treat febrile neutropenia and to assist patients receiving dose-intensive chemotherapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]