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3. Chapter 17: The building at 140 William Street.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 17 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D is presented. It presents the case history of a 41-storey building at 140, William Street, Melbourne, Australia. It illustrates the potential benefits of risk-based fire safety design. It cites the proposal being presented at the committee.

Published
2007

4. Chapter 15: Stochastic modelling of fire brigade response.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 15 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D is presented. It contains a description of stochastic modelling of fire brigade response. It includes models for travel time, frequency of blockage and fire extinction performance. It illustrates the performance assessment of fire safety systems and to predict the levels of fire safety and protection in buildings.

Published
2007

5. Chapter 16: Risk analysis of an assembly hall.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 16 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D is presented. It illustrates the design of a performance-based safety system by looking at the risk analysis of an assembly hall. It suggests that risk assessment will be based on the evaluation of the probability distribution of the available safe egress time.

Published
2007

6. Chapter 14: Performance assessment of fire safety systems.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 14 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D is presented. It deals with the performance assessment of fire safety systems, using fire statistics. It offers information on how to evaluate the effectiveness of each system, subsystem or component that look at the changes in outcomes when the systems are present.

Published
2007

7. Chapter 13: A stochastic model for human behaviour.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 13 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D is presented. It talks about a stochastic model for human behaviour which was developed within the framework of the Fire Code Reform Centre Project 4. It suggests that this model was created to calculate the expected number of deaths (END) for people who remain in the building.

Published
2007

8. Chapter 12: A stochastic model for smoke spread.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 12 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D is presented. It contains a description of a stochastic model of smoke spread, illustrating a different method for converting a deterministic model into a stochastic model. It uses Monte Carlo simulation to show how to reconcile the model with experimental results.

Published
2007

9. Chapter 11: A stochastic fire growth model.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 11 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D is presented. It contains a description of a stochastic fire growth model in an apartment unit. It illustrates a methodology for converting a deterministic model to a stochastic model and then goes on to use quadratic response surfaces, the beta reliability index and Monte Carlo simulation to study the maximum temperature reached and the time to untenable conditions.

Published
2007

10. Chapter 10: Probabilistic modelling of barrier resistance.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 10 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D is presented. It discusses the probabilistic modelling of barrier resistance for woodframed wall construction. It enables the evaluation of a cumulative probability of failure with time curve as part of an overall optimal performance-based design.

Published
2007

11. Chapter 9: Personal factors in a fire.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 9 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D. Bennetts is presented. It identifies the personal factors that resulted in significant damage to life, using the Civilian Casualty Data of the U.S. Fire Statistics. It cites the personal factors affecting the proportion of fatalities.

Published
2007

12. Chapter 8: Risk analysis of fire initiation.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 8 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D. Bennetts is presented. It highlights a risk analysis of fire initiation. It covers ignition frequency and the probability distribution of fire losses. It explores the Incident Data of the U.S. Fire Statistics, which identifies the most significant fire factors resulting in significant damage to life.

Published
2007

13. Chapter 7: Performance-based optimal design.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 7 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D. Bennetts is presented. It provides a description of implementing performance-based optimal design solutions based on expected cost-benefit analysis. It highlights the major objective of design for the effect of fire in buildings to achieve satisfactory levels of life safety.

Published
2007

14. Chapter 6: Event and fault trees.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 6 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D. Bennetts is presented. It emphasizes that risk analysis is normally based on identification and probabilistic evaluation of failure scenarios. It discusses the two particular structures of tree which are of interest in risk analysis such as event trees and fault trees.

Published
2007

15. Chapter 5: The Monte Carlo method.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 5 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D. Bennetts is presented. It introduces the Monte Carlo Method in solving industrial safety. It provides a systematic approach to situations in risk analysis when there is no practical analytic algorithm to evaluate the required probabilities.

Published
2007

16. Chapter 3: Elements of probability theory.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 3 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D. Bennetts is presented. It highlights the elements of probability theory required for the understanding of risk analysis. It covers events and probability, random variables, expectation, elements of joint distributions, and confidence intervals.

Published
2007

17. Chapter 4: Beta reliability index.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 4 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D. Bennetts is presented. It discusses the beta reliability index, a measure of system safety that has become increasingly popular in many fields of engineering. It notes that safety is defined by a limit state surface in the space of the basic variables.

Published
2007

18. Chapter 2: General description of building fires.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 2 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D. Bennetts is presented. It explores various descriptions of fires in buildings. It describes the combustion phenomenon, enclosure fires and the extent of their spread, and the fire safety system.

Published
2007

19. Chapter 1: Introduction.

Author

Hasofer, A. M., Beck, V. R., and Bennetts, I. D.

Abstract

Chapter 1 of the book "Risk Analysis in Building Fire Safety Engineering," by A. M. Hasofer, V. R. Beck, and I. D. Bennetts is presented. It discusses the significance of risk assessment in deciding which building design is better from a fire safety viewpoint, and given a particular building design, the most effective on-going management protocol. It defines fire as a rapid oxidation accompanied by heat and light.

Published
2007

21. Phytoestrogens derived from red clover: An alternative to estrogen replacement therapy?

Author

Beck, V., Rohr, U., and Jungbauer, A.

Subjects
*PHYTOESTROGENS, *ESTROGEN, *STEROID hormones, *ISOFLAVONES
Abstract

Abstract: The benefits of plant extracts from soy and red clover as alternatives to conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been debated in the past. Here, an attempt has been made to summarize the biochemical and pharmacological data in the light of clinical aspects. Red clover and soy extracts contain isoflavones, which have a high affinity to estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR). The higher affinity to ERβ compared to ERα has been used as an explanation why red clover extracts function as food additives to treat menopausal disorders and may reduce risk of breast cancer. Biochemical analysis shows that these representatives of phytoestrogens have multiple actions beside selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-activity. They act as selective estrogen enzyme modulators (SEEMs), have antioxidant activity and interact with transcription factors such as NF-κB. Furthermore, it is indicated that they have protective effects on osteoporosis and the cardiovascular system. Currently 40–50mg of isoflavones (biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin and genistein) are recommended as daily dose. This recommendation is based on the daily intake of phytoestrogens in a traditional Japanese diet. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2005
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22. Comparison of hormonal activity (estrogen, androgen and progestin) of standardized plant extracts for large scale use in hormone replacement therapy

Author

Beck, V., Unterrieder, E., Krenn, L., Kubelka, W., and Jungbauer, A.

Subjects
*RED clover, *PHYTOESTROGENS, *SOYBEAN
Abstract

Extracts from red clover (Trifolium pratense), soybean (Glycine max.) and black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) are frequently used as alternative compounds for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to treat menopausal disorders. Fifteen commercially available products made either from red clover, soybean or black cohosh were tested in in vitro assays in this study. The main polycyclic phenolic compounds of soy and red clover products were biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, formononetin, and glycitein. In red clover products glycitein was not abundant. All the compounds showed clear estrogenic activity through estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and affinity to progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR), whereas the compounds from black cohosh did not. This was corroborated by synthetic isoflavones such as biochanin A, daidzein, genistein and formononetin. They exerted affinity to PR and AR in the range of 0.39–110 mM. Statistical analysis applying principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that all red clover and soy products are grouped in different clusters. Red clover products showed a higher affinity to AR and PR than soy products, which is explained by the higher amount of isoflavones present. In vitro assays and chemical analysis showed that theoretical estrogenic activity expressed as equivalent E2 concentration is in the same range as recommended for synthetic estrogens. Broader spectrum of action and hypothesized lower side effects by action through ERβ make them suitable for alternative hormone replacement therapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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27. Ontogenic expression profiles of thyroid-specific genes in embryonic and hatching chicks

Author

Grommen, S.V.H., Iwasawa, A., Beck, V., Darras, V.M., and De Groef, B.

Subjects
*CHICKEN embryos, *ONTOGENY, *GENE expression, *TRANSCRIPTION factors, *THYROGLOBULIN, *EGG incubation, *THYROID hormones, *MESSENGER RNA
Abstract

Abstract: The last trimester of the embryonic life of chickens is marked by a steady increase in circulating thyroxine (T4) levels, reaching a maximum around hatching. We have measured thyroidal mRNA expression levels of several genes involved in the biosynthesis of T4, namely sodium/iodine symporter (NIS), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), during this period. Subsequently, we measured the expression of these genes in more detail during the entire hatching process and compared the gene expression profiles with concomitant changes in intrathyroidal and circulating thyroid hormone levels. We found that NIS and TPO mRNA expression increased significantly in the perinatal period, whereas Tg mRNA expression rose gradually throughout the last week of embryogenesis but was stable during hatching. TSHR and TTF-1 mRNA levels did not change significantly during the last week of embryonic development and hatching. Our results suggest that the elevated plasma T4 levels observed in the developmental period studied are caused by an increased synthesis and secretion of T4 by the thyroid gland. Augmented expression of Tg may play an important role in the increasing T4 production during the last week of embryonic development, whereas increased NIS and TPO expression around hatching allows the thyrocytes to boost T4 synthesis even further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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