Search

• Quality improvement initiative compares written vs. audiovisual methods to reduce pre-CT anxiety. • Significant reduction in state anxiety observed with both interventions (p < 0.001). • Audiovisual materials demonstrate superior efficacy in reducing state anxiety compared to written information. • Trait anxiety remains stable across all intervention groups (p = 0.31). • Study highlights the potential of simple interventions to alleviate pre-imaging anxiety in resource-limited settings. Patients undergoing medical procedures often experience heightened anxiety, which can affect their experience and overall health. The current study aimed at looking at a quality improvement initiative to compare written and audiovisual information delivery methods to reduce anxiety prior to Computed Tomography (CT). In this prospective interventional study, we assessed state and trait anxiety in patients scheduled for their first CT scan. Three PDSA cycles were carried out over six months, with each cycle lasting for two months each. The participants were divided into three groups, the baseline, written, and audiovisual intervention groups. Anxiety levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire. State anxiety is a temporary emotional response, while trait anxiety reflects enduring personality characteristics. The mean age of participants was 43.26 years (SD 15.07) in the baseline group, 39.9 years (SD 14.72) in the written group, and 48.59 years (SD 13.54) in the audiovisual group. For state anxiety, the baseline mean was 58.4 (SD 6.9), notably reduced to 43.2 (SD 5.5) with written intervention and to 38.6 (SD 7.7) with audiovisual intervention (p < 0.001). Trait anxiety scores remained relatively stable in all groups (p = 0.31). Both written and audiovisual interventions successfully alleviate pre-imaging anxiety in patients undergoing CT scans. The findings underscore the superior efficacy of audiovisual materials in achieving a more substantial reduction in state anxiety compared to written information. These findings are particularly relevant in resource limited settings where simple interventions show significant improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on EXT2, a member of the EXT family involved in heparan sulfate synthesis, to evaluate its potential as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in head-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The present study used the cancer genome atlas head-neck squamous cell carcinoma (TCGA-HNSC) dataset-based UALCAN database to analyze the EXT2 expression and its clinicopathological features. In addition, we recruited 51 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients (OSCC), the most common HNSCC subtype, to validate the EXT2 mRNA expression analysis. In addition, we identified the role of EXT2 in prognosis using a Kaplan–Meier plot and immune signature using the tumor infiltration level. Furthermore, functional roles were analyzed using the EXT2 gene and protein networks. The expression of EXT2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in OSCC tumors, which is consistent with the UALCAN-based results. EXT2 protein was also significantly overexpressed in HNSCC samples and was correlated with clinicopathological features. High EXT2 expression is associated with poor survival outcomes in HNSCC patients. Functional analysis of EXT2 using in silico tools revealed its involvement in critical pathways, including Wnt signaling, proteoglycans in cancer, and cellular responses to fibroblast growth and inflammation. These findings highlight the potential of EXT2 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker of HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A combined experimental and computational analysis is performed to investigate the less commonly studied embryo-to-lamella transition of deformation twins in magnesium. This work aims to understand the structural variables controlling the embryo-to-lamella transition from grain boundaries. Statistical analysis of hundreds of early-stage twins in the lightly deformed microstructure reveals a prevailing wedge shape, with a much thicker base along the grain boundary (GB) where they originate and a thinner tip terminating in the crystal. The analysis also shows that the GB base is super thick and identifies a minimum GB twin thickness among all early-stage twins that is about one micron. A crystal plasticity-based full-field model is employed to calculate the driving forces to migrate the boundary of a three-dimensional GB twin embryo. The stress analysis, considering a full range of embryo shapes and neighboring grain orientations, indicate that the twin embryo is most likely going to form a wedge shape when it first propagates. The calculations predict that the thickness of the embryo at the GB needs to be significantly larger than its length into the crystal in order to propagate into the crystal. The analysis finds that the more aligned the twin embryo variant is with basal slip in the neighboring grain, the thinner the twin embryo needed for propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This in vitro study aimed to comparatively evaluate the fracture resistance of contracted endodontic cavities (CECs) versus traditional endodontic cavities (TECs) in mandibular molars after subjecting the samples to a chewing simulator. A total of 24 freshly extracted human mandibular molars were included in the study. Teeth with intact crowns and mature root apices that were devoid of caries, attrition, restorations, and cracks were selected and randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 8) as follows: Group 1: TECs, Group 2: CECs, and Group 3: intact teeth (control group). After endodontic treatment, the teeth were restored with EverX bulk-fill composite and layered occlusally with nanohybrid composite SolareX and subjected to a chewing simulator where 240,000 masticatory cycles were simulated, which translates to 1 year of clinical function. The teeth were then subjected to static loading in a universal testing machine and the maximum load to fracture and the pattern of failure (restorable/unrestorable) were recorded. Data were evaluated with analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test for multiple comparisons. The CEC group had higher fracture resistance when compared with the TEC group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The fracture resistance of the samples in the control group was statistically higher than those in the experimental groups (P <.005). There was no difference observed in the fracture resistance of mandibular molars with TECs and CECs subjected to masticatory loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the role of twin-twin interactions on the distributions of local defects (e.g., dislocations) and stress fields in a magnesium alloy is investigated. A co-zone (10 1 ¯ 2) - (1 ¯ 012) tensile twin junction in a deformed Mg-3wt.%Y alloy is analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the morphology of the impinging (1 ¯ 012) twin is asymmetric, and the non-interacting boundary of the recipient (10 1 ¯ 2) twin is irregular. Detailed analysis of TEM images reveals that type-II pyramidal [ 1 ¯ 2 1 ¯ 3 ] (1 2 ¯ 12) dislocations concentrate in the vicinity of the twin-twin junction site. The same 〈c + a〉 dislocations are also observed inside the interacting twin domains along with a few 〈a〉 dislocations. The 〈c + a〉 dislocations emanating from the impinging (1 ¯ 012) twin boundary have edge character and are extended with faults parallel to the basal plane. In contrast, the 〈c + a〉 dislocations connected to the recipient (10 1 ¯ 2) twin are predominantly screw orientation and compact. Elasto-viscoplastic fast Fourier transform based crystal plasticity calculations are performed to rationalize the observed twin morphology and local dislocation distribution. The model calculations suggest that the local stress fields generated at the junction site where the two twins meet are responsible for the experimentally observed concentration of 〈c + a〉 dislocations. The calculated stress fields are asymmetric with respect to the junction site, explaining the observed asymmetric morphology of the impinging twin. Overall, these findings show strong effects of twin-twin interactions on the distribution of dislocations as well as the evolution of the twinned microstructure and as such, can help advance understanding of twinning in Mg alloys and their effect on mechanical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymph node sampling is critical to surgical staging in Wilms tumor; failure to sample lymph nodes is associated with under-staging and an increased incidence of local relapse. However, no standard lymphatic mapping method is currently being utilized for Wilms tumor to aid identification of regional draining lymph nodes. Herein, we describe the use of fluorescence-guided lymphatic mapping for Wilms tumor. Two tertiary level referral centers independently began indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence-guided nodal mapping. In one center, this was achieved with ipsilateral intra-parenchymal (IP) injection of ICG during minimally invasive tumor nephrectomy (MIN) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and in the other, with Peri‑Hilar (PH) injection during upfront, open tumor nephrectomy (ON). Successful lymph node mapping was defined as the presence of fluorescence signal in draining lymph nodes. Eight patients (median age of 2.5 years) underwent fluorescence-guided lymphatic mapping (four IP and four PH injection). Lymphatic mapping was successful in seven patients (88%) including each of the four patients with IP injection. Fluorescence-guided lymphatic mapping of Wilms tumor drainage is feasible by both IP injection and PH injection techniques. However, whether lymphatic mapping improves the precision of lymph node sampling is unknown and should be studied in prospective trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thoracoscopically placed internal traction sutures (ITS) for the initial management of long gap oesophageal atresia (LGOA), not amenable to primary anastomosis, was first described in 2015. Here we describe our experience using ITS both thoracoscopically and at thoracotomy where the gap between upper and lower oesophagus is too wide for primary anastomosis. The case notes of all infants treated with ITS for oesophageal atresia (01/10/2015 to 01/12/2019) were reviewed. Gaps considered too wide for an anastomosis had ITS placed between the two pouches as described by Patkowski in 2015. All patients were gastrostomy fed. Patients returned to theatre with an expectation to complete the anastomosis or re-tighten the traction sutures. Seven patients (4 OA, 1 OA with proximal fistula, 2 OA/distal TOF) median birthweight 2.28 kg (1.2–3.6 kg) were managed using ITS. Median gap length 4.5 (3–9) vertebral bodies. ITS were placed thoracoscopically in 5 cases and at thoracotomy in 2 at median 46 days (1–120) old. In all cases, ITS was associated with significant intra-thoracic adhesions. Five patients leaked from the traction sutures. Four patients had a delayed primary anastomosis performed at thoracotomy and 3 required a cervical oesophagostomy. The median length of stay was 159 days (98–282). All patients started thoracoscopically eventually required thoracotomy. The use of ITS in our department was associated with significant complications, particularly intra-thoracic leaks and adhesions. In our hands ITS did not improve the feasibility of thoracoscopic repair for LGOA and has been abandoned by us. Level IV Case Series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound-guided (USG) percutaneous insertion of Broviac lines (cuffed tunnelled silastic central venous catheters, TCVC) has increasingly been adopted throughout the UK. However, vascular access remains a challenge in small babies and in some units is still performed by open cutdown. Our vascular access team, established in 2004, consists of consultant surgeons, anaesthetists and interventional radiologists, who provide all permanent vascular access by the USG technique. We reviewed the outcome in our last 100 patients less than 5 kg. A prospective database of TCVC insertions in patients <5 kg weight recorded age, gestation, weight, diagnosis, type of catheter and complications within 28 days of insertion. A standardised technique of USG insertion is used by all operators. One-hundred patients <5 kg had TCVC inserted between 1/1/2018 and 31/3/2020. Median age 46(range0–316)days, gestation 36.5(23–42)weeks, weight 3(0.66 to 5)kg. Indication: parenteral nutrition(75), long term antibiotics(14), cardiac medication(6), chemotherapy(3), other(2). All were tunnelled silicone lines of single 2.7fr(51) and 4.2fr(46) or double lumen 7fr(3). Uncomplicated insertion in 94/100 cases. In 6 patients difficulties were encountered with cannulating the vein. In 4 cases an experienced colleague was called and managed to cannulate the vein; in 1 case a new successful attempt was made on the opposite internal jugular vein, and in 1 the femoral vein was used. No patient required an open cutdown. There were no cases of line sepsis requiring removal but 1 replacement was required for blockage within 28days. The USG approach in infants<5 kg is safe and can be used exclusively for venous access even in the most tiny babies. It is, however, a technically challenging procedure therefore we would recommend establishing a consultant delivered vascular access team to provide this service. Open venous cutdown in a tertiary children's hospital is no longer necessary for the insertion of TCVC and should be abandoned altogether. Level I Prognosis Study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Morbid obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2 with comorbid conditions) is present in 25 - 35% of acute decompensated heart failure (AHF) patients. Prevalence of HF increases with duration of morbid obesity from 30% at 15 years to over 90% at 30 years. There is a need to develop pragmatic therapies that address the unique physical and mental challenges faced by obese AHF patients. Siddha is 5,000 year old Tamil Medicine using yoga and mind-body methods towards higher consciousness. Hunger gratitude Experience (HUGE) is intuitive Siddha fasting method which may improve in-hospital AHF outcomes independent of weight reduction.Case Summary: We present 5 cases of morbidly obese patients with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) that began intermittent fasting either during their AHF hospitalization or in the outpatient setting for refractory symptoms despite hospitalization. Initiation of fasting correlated with reduction of respiratory distress and edema as well as improvements in psychological wellbeing and functional capacity.Discussion: Siddha fasting mediates hemodynamic and anti-inflammatory effects through natural ketosis and psychological benefits through empowerment in AHF. Potential role of fasting in reducing myocardial workload, coronary steal, angina, volume overload, and CRS needs further study in cardiac patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metformin (MET), by boosting immunity, has been suggested as a host-adjunctive therapy to anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT). We evaluated whether adding MET to the standard ATT can alter the host chemokine response. We investigated the influence of metformin on the plasma levels of a wide panel of chemokines in a group of active tuberculosis patients before treatment, at 2nd month of ATT and at 6-months of ATT as part of our clinical study to examine the effect of metformin on ATT. Our results demonstrated that addition of metformin resulted in diminished CC (CCL1 and CCL3) and CXC (CXCL-2 and CXCL-10) chemokines in MET arm as compared to non-MET arm at the 2nd month and 6th month of ATT. In addition to this, MET arm showed significantly diminished chemokines in individuals with high bacterial burden and cavitary disease. Our current data suggest that metformin alters chemokines responses that could potentially curb excessive inflammation during ATT. • Metformin changes chemokine responses in TB treatment, possibly reducing overly inflammatory reactions. • Metformin effectively modulates and balances inflammation during active TB disease. • Metformin effectively balances inflammation and host responses to M.tb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, little is known about the mechanism(s) regulating global and specific protein translation during metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH; previously known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH). Unbiased label-free quantitative proteome, puromycin-labelling and polysome profiling were used to understand protein translation activity in vitro and in vivo. We observed a global decrease in protein translation during lipotoxicity in human primary hepatocytes, mouse hepatic AML12 cells, and livers from a dietary mouse model of MASH. Interestingly, proteomic analysis showed that Rplp1, which regulates ribosome and translation pathways, was one of the most downregulated proteins. Moreover, decreased Esrra expression and binding to the Rplp1 promoter, diminished Rplp1 gene expression during lipotoxicity. This, in turn, reduced global protein translation and Esrra/Rplp1-dependent translation of lysosome (Lamp2, Ctsd) and autophagy (sqstm1, Map1lc3b) proteins. Of note, Esrra did not increase its binding to these gene promoters or their gene transcription, confirming its regulation of their translation during lipotoxicity. Notably, hepatic Esrra-Rplp1-dependent translation of lysosomal and autophagy proteins also was impaired in MASH patients and liver-specific Esrra knockout mice. Remarkably, alternate day fasting induced Esrra-Rplp1-dependent expression of lysosomal proteins, restored autophagy, and reduced lipotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis in hepatic cell culture and in vivo models of MASH. Esrra regulation of Rplp1-mediated translation of lysosome/autolysosome proteins was downregulated during MASH. Alternate day fasting activated this novel pathway and improved MASH, suggesting that Esrra and Rplp1 may serve as therapeutic targets for MASH. Our findings also provided the first example of a nuclear hormone receptor, Esrra, to not only regulate transcription but also protein translation, via induction of Rplp1. • Global protein translation is decreased during lipotoxicity and MASH. • ESRRA regulates RPLP1 expression to control protein translation of lysosome/autophagy proteins. • ESRRA/RPLP1-mediated translation of LAMP2, CTSD, SQSTM1, and LC3B is impaired in NASH. • Alternate-Day-Fasting in MASH restores ESRRA/RPLP1-mediated translation and lysosome/autophagy activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ni-complex can be loaded on MoS 2 with negative zeta potential due to the columb attraction force. • MoS 2 -Ni complex exhibits higher H 2 production activity of 3320 μmol g−1 h−1 than MoS 2. • The high activity was due to effective interfacial electron transfer from MoS 2 to Ni complex. • Ni complex is an electron mediator due to the ligands-stabilized multiple oxidation states of Ni. • PL, photocurrent, and EIS tests confirm improved charge separation of MoS 2 -Ni complex. Exploring efficient H 2 -production photocatalysts is very important for converting solar energy to chemical energy. Some approaches were developed to prevent the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, ultimately enhancing the photocatalytic H 2 production activity. 3D flower-like MoS 2 nanomaterials were surface-modified by the Ni complex as the redox mediator to make the composite photocatalysts. This work investigated the effect of zeta potential on the Ni-complex loading, charge separation, and photocatalytic H 2 production activity of MoS 2. The Ni-complex with central cation can be loaded on MoS 2 with negative zeta potential due to the columb attraction force. The photogenerated carriers can transfer from MoS 2 to the central Ni ion of the complex due to the ligands-stabilized multiple oxidation states of Ni, leading to suppressed charge recombination. The FE-TEM mapping and XPS confirm the loading of Ni complex. The photoluminescence, photocurrent response, and EIS tests confirm the improved photoinduced charge separation of the Ni complex-modified photocatalyst. The flower-like microstructure of MoS 2 provides a large specific surface area and high light absorption. The H 2 production activity of MoS 2 -Ni complex photocatalyst (3320 μmol g−1 h−1) is higher than that of the pristine MoS 2 photocatalyst (2576 μmol g−1 h−1). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• ASD is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder. • The gut microbiota is significant in the formation and onset of ASD. • Gut and brain have a bi-directional communication. • This review discusses about gut microbiota, its metabolites and its role in ASD. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a serious multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder often accompanied by strained social communication, repetitive behaviour, immune dysregulation, and gastrointestinal (GI) issues. Recent studies have recorded a link between dysbiosis in the gut microbiota (gm) and the primary stages of ASD. A bidirectional connection (also called microbiota-gut-brain-axis) exchanges information between the gut bacteria and central nervous system. When the homeostasis of the microenvironment of the gut is dysregulated, it causes oxidative stress, affecting neuronal cells and neurotransmitters, thereby causing neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies have confirmed a difference in the constitution of gut bacteria among ASD cases and their controls. Numerous studies on animal models of ASD have shown altered gm and its association with abnormal metabolite profile and altered behaviour phenotype. This process happens due to an abnormal metabolite production in gm, leading to changes in the immune system, especially in ASD. Hence, this review aims to question the current knowledge on gm dysbiosis and its related GI discomforts and ASD behavioural symptoms and shed light on the possible therapeutic approaches available to deal with this situation. Thereby, though it is understood that more research might be needed to prove an association or causal relationship between gm and ASD, therapy with the microbiome may also be considered as an effective strategy to combat this issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has documented how groups cope with perceived discrimination by enhancing their identification with their minority ingroup and reducing their identification with the majority outgroup. However, these patterns have not been consistent across contexts nor examined in relation to discrimination encountered online. Through a survey of PRC Chinese immigrants in Singapore, we examine how online perceived discrimination relates to attitudes toward the Singaporean host society via both ingroup and outgroup identification. We also test the role of intergroup mobility, the perceived level of opportunity ingroup members have to form relationships with dominant outgroup members, as a moderator of these relations. Results show that PRC Chinese immigrants who perceived more discrimination online identified more strongly with both their PRC Chinese ingroup and the Singaporean host society outgroup. In turn, greater PRC Chinese and Singaporean identification related to more positive attitudes toward Singaporeans. Moreover, intergroup mobility moderated these associations, such that the PRC Chinese who perceived greater mobility were more likely to strengthen their identification with Singaporeans as their online perceived discrimination increased. We argue that intergroup mobility beliefs may play a key role in shaping defensive responses to perceived discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to determine the chemical profiling, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activity of Moringa concanensis pod husk (MCPH) by in vitro and in silico methods. Phytochemical analysis displayed significant ratios of secondary metabolites in all the extracts MPCH. Major compounds recorded during chemical profiling are 2,5-dimethylfuran-3,4(2H,5H)-dione (19.2%), oleic acid (13.4%) and campesterol (9%), pyranone (5.7%), monomethyl succinate (5.7%), and 1,2-cyclopentanedione (5.4%). In vitro pharmacological studies revealed that methanolic extract of MCPH had a significant effect on α-amylase (IC 50 of 78.98 ± 0.58 μg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC 50 of 40.80 ± 0.53 μg/mL) enzyme inhibition assays and antioxidant (IC 50 of 54.60 ± 0.5 μg/mL for NO) activity. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against various bacterial strains and the ethyl acetate (MIC of 59.30 μg/mL), methanol (MIC of 14.84 μg/mL) and aqueous (MIC of 118.70 μg/mL) extracts of MCPH possessed potent inhibition effect against all the tested bacteria. Molecular docking investigation revealed that α-tocopherol acetate, palmitone, α-tocopherol, oleamide, β-sitosterol, and heptagonal had maximum binding affinity and docking score for all enzyme targets studied. Simulation studies indicate that α-tocopherol acetate could potentially be used as an activator to manage the enzymatic activity of α-amylase. The results showed that Moringa concanensis pod husk extracts are potential biological source of myriad phytoconstituents with pharmacological properties that can be further regulated for the discovery of novel drugs for the mankind. [Display omitted] • Palmitic acid, β-sitosterol, oleic acid, and campesterol are major constituents of M. concanensis pod husk. • Methanolic extract exhibits notable therapeutic effects, showing a positive correlation with identified phytochemicals • Maximum binding affinity with α-tocopherol acetate, α-tocopherol, β-sitosterol, oleamide and palmitone was recorded • α-tocopherol acetate has better stability, flexibility with proteins responsible for diabetes in simulation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mitigating greenhouse-gas emissions, of which fossil-derived carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the dominant component, is becoming increasingly imperative. One of the tools for lowering the demand for fossil carbon is cultivation of microalgae, which are fast-growing photosynthetic microorganisms that utilize sunlight for energy and CO 2 as their carbon source. In addition, microalgae can provide feedstock to replace fossil sources, particularly for transportation fuels. In open and closed microalgal cultivating systems (also called open ponds and photobioreactors, respectively), CO 2 can be sparged into the culture medium through a gas distributor; CO 2 molecules diffuse through the gas-liquid interface and dissolve into the culture medium, from which they can be taken up for the biosynthesis of microalgal cells. Due to the modest solubility of CO 2 in water, optimal design and operating variables (e.g., inlet gas flow rate, sparger characteristics, CO 2 concentration in the inlet gas, and the height of a PBR or sump) are required to increase the CO 2 mass transfer rate into the medium and, consequently, CO 2 uptake and biomass productivity. The concepts and phenomena discussed in this work apply to photobioreactors and open ponds that are sparged with CO 2. This review systematically evaluates how the key design and operating variables affect bubble behavior and the rate of CO 2 delivery into the medium. The review also addresses advanced strategies that are being employed to increase the rate of CO 2 transfer, but with lower costs than with sparging. [Display omitted] • CO 2 management is critical during microalgal cultivation in photobioreactors (PBRs). • Inlet CO 2 concentration and gas flow rate affect CO 2 mass transfer. • Sparger design and sparging style determine effective CO 2 delivery to the system. • Carbon utilization efficiency (CUE) is dictated by the pH management in PBRs. • CUE can be improved through membrane carbonation or by using carbonic anhydrases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hazardous nitroaromatic compounds are a top-priority environmental pollutant and extremely harmful to human health and ecological systems. Hence, selective and ultra-sensitive quantitative analysis of nitroaromatic target detection is highly important nowadays. In this report, we designed and successfully developed the morphologically tunable hybrid composite nature of the cobalt-zeolitic framework (CZ) with copper nanowires (CNW). The morphological structure was highly controlled by switching different weight ratios of CNW into the CZ. Morphological and spectral analysis revealed the developed system is composite with mesoporous properties. Followed by, the designed catalyst was applied to catalytic reduction and electrochemical simultaneous with sensitive sensing of nitrobenzene (NB) and ortho-nitrobenzaldehyde (ONBA). The optimized modified electrode surface exhibited first-rate catalytic activity, the ultra-sensitive limit of detection of 5.3 nM and 2.6 nM (S/N = 3) with a linear response range of 20 nM – 1 mM and 10 nM – 1.5 mM for ONBA and NB. The selectivity of the system is evaluated in the presence of twelve potentially interfering analytes (including phenols, metal ions, and biomolecules). As an added benefit, the CNWCZ/GCE was used to quantify the detection targets in real industrial water samples, with high-rate recoveries of 96.60–99.68±0.05%, and the electrochemical result was validated by standard analytical method. Furthermore, the catalytic degradation of NB and ONBA was tested and achieved more than 91.63±1.13% degradation within 10 and 15 minutes for NB and ONBA, and facile kinetic rate reactions. The developed research findings suggest that catalysts can be used to dual-analyze NB and its derivatives. [Display omitted] • Morphological tunability of CZ and their CNW was developed in an aqueous environment. • Electrochemical sensors exhibit a wide linear range of concentrations and are ultrasensitive LODs. • Catalytic reduction of NB and ONBA was effectively converted to non-toxic products in quick time. • Direct practical sample analysis of industrial effluents was successfully conducted and validated. • Hybrid functional composites exhibit excellent selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cystic ovarian masses in children may be physiological or neoplastic. It is mandatory that suspected neoplastic lesions are resected without tumour spillage. However, a large midline incision is cosmetically unappealing incision to young women. Here we describe our experience of using controlled drainage without spillage that allows a cosmetic pfannenstiel approach without compromising oncological principles. All girls treated with large ovarian cystic masses since 2008 in our centre were identified and data was collected prospectively. A small pfannenstiel incision was performed followed by peritoneal washings; tissue glue was used to stick an Opsite™ dressing to the cyst surface and fluid drained so there was no leakage back into the patient. Once aspirated the cyst was delivered and an ovarian preserving cystectomy was performed where possible. Twenty-three girls (median age 14.5 years (8.1 to 16.5 years) were included. Pre-operative MRI scan showed a complex lesions with median volume of 1169 ml (range 252–7077 ml). At surgery 22/23 cysts were intact and removed without spillage. Histology: mature teratoma (11), serous cyst (3), mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma (2), mucinous cystadenoma (5), Sertoli-Leydig tumour, sclerosing stromal tumour. One girl with pre-operative rupture of a mucinous adenocarcinoma subsequently died. Ovarian sparing cystectomy was performed in 17/23 girls. All other patients are well without evidence of recurrence. This is the largest series in children and adolescents using controlled drainage of cystic ovarian tumours. Though there were a range of diagnoses we have shown that these can be removed safely with a cosmetic pfannenstiel approach while following oncological principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ECMO is a support modality for refractory critical illness. This study reviews the incidence and utility of central venous line (CVL) placement at pediatric ECMO decannulation. A single-institution retrospective study of patients undergoing open neck decannulation from 2015 to 2019. Patients were divided into two groups: ≤ 28-days and > 28-days. Of 65 patients, 31% had a CVL placed at decannulation. Sepsis and pneumonia were the most common indications for ECMO in the older-group compared to CDH in neonates. The most common indications for CVL were hemodialysis (45%), monitoring (25%), and access (25%). 89% of neonates had an access line placed, whereas 73% of the older group received hemodialysis catheters. Median CRRT requirement was 20 days. 85% of lines were functional at time of removal or death. None were removed for infection. 40% of the patients not receiving a CVL at decannulation required one within 30 days. 69% of patients did not have a CVL placed at decannulation, however 40% required a CVL within 30 days. Most lines placed at decannulation remained functional and none were removed for infection. Decannulation removes the circuit as a route for vascular access, but it also presents an opportunity to safely place an essential CVL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian Breast Device Registry (ABDR) is a clinical quality registry designed to monitor the performance of breast devices; and the quality and safety of breast device surgery. To report on breast device surgery characteristics across Australia. Participants were registered patients in the ABDR from 2012 to 2018. Results are described using percentages, mean and median. Revision rates were calculated using survival analysis methods. A total of 37,603 patients were registered and had undergone reconstruction (post-cancer 15.1%, risk-reducing mastectomy 3.4% and developmental deformity 2.4%) or cosmetic augmentation (74.7%) procedures. The majority of breast implant devices were silicone filled with textured surface (reconstruction 74.0% and augmentation 64.0%). Sub-pectoral plane was the most common for both reconstruction (60.1%) and augmentation (76.6%) procedures. For reconstruction surgery, the most common surgical incision was previous mastectomy scar (44.0%) and inframammary (31.8%), and for augmentation, it was inframammary (83.4%). Intraoperative/postoperative antibiotic usage for reconstruction was 85.8% and augmentation was 89.4%. Revision incidence due to complication at 12 months post-cancer reconstruction was 5.1%, risk-reducing reconstruction 5.7% and developmental deformity implants 4.5%. Revision incidence due to complication at 12 months after augmentation procedure was 1.1%. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) indicate high levels of satisfaction at 1 year for augmentation and reconstruction procedures. We report on early data from the ABDR and reflect on the uptake of the registry by surgeons and patients. The registry also benefits from international collaborative approaches to addressing challenges and is committed to facilitate international post-market surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Latent Tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is postulated to modulate immune responses and alter disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. However, no data exist on the effect of LTBI on the immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 co-infected individuals.Methods: We examined the SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses, plasma cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins and growth factor levels in LTBI positive and negative individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Results: Our results demonstrated that individuals with LTBI (LTBI+) and seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies, as well as enhanced neutralization activity compared to those negative for LTBI (LTBI-) individuals. Our results also demonstrate that LTBI+ individuals exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, IL-3, GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-25, IL-33, CCL3 and CXCL10 compared to LTBI- individuals. Finally, our results show that LTBI+ individuals exhibit significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein, alpha-2 macroglobulin, VEGF and TGFα compared to LTBI- individuals.Conclusions: Thus, our data clearly demonstrates that LTBI+ individuals seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit heightened levels of humoral, cytokine and acute phase responses compared to LTBI- individuals. Thus, LTBI is associated with modulation of antibody and cytokine responses as well as systemic inflammation in individuals seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Few studies are available about persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from LMICs. • Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies waned over a 7 month period post SARS-CoV-2 infection. • Anti S1-RBD antibodies were relatively stable. • Neutralizing antibodies were persistent up to seven months post-infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer has seen a considerable change in management, and outcomes for the past 30 years. Historically, the overall prognosis has been regarded as poor. However, the use of multimodal treatment, and integration of enhanced recovery pathways have improved short and long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changing trends in presentation, management, and outcomes for patients undergoing surgical treatment for gastric cancers over 30 years. Data from consecutive patients undergoing gastrectomy with curative intent for gastric adenocarcinoma between 1989 and 2018 from a single-center, high-volume unit were reviewed. Presentation method, management strategies and outcomes were reviewed. Patients were grouped into successive 5-year cohorts for comparison and evaluation of changing trends. Between 1989 and 2018, 1,162 patients underwent gastrectomy with curative intent for cancer. Median age was 71 years (interquartile range, 63−76 years) and 763 (66%) were male. Patient presentation changed with epigastric discomfort now the most common presentation (67%). An improvement in overall complications from 54% to 35% (P =.006) and mortality from 8% to 1% (P <.001) was seen over the time period and overall survival improved from 28 months to 53 months (P <.001). Both short-term and long-term outcomes have significantly improved over the 30 years studied. The reasons for this are multifactorial and include the use of perioperative chemotherapy, the introduction of an enhanced recovery pathway, and improved preoperative assessment of patients through a multidisciplinary input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing energy demand in developing countries has jeopardised energy security, necessitating the employment of solar energy to augment conventional energy sources. It is important to assess the annual performance parameters of solar power plants to understand its place in energy generation. This study analyses the performance and economic viability of a large-scale solar power park located in India. A 50 MWp Solar Photovoltaic Power Park (SPPP) located at Sakunala, in the State of Andhra Pradesh, is one of the largest solar power park in India, and the site receives an average solar radiation of 5.5–6.0 kWh/m2/day. The design, performance analysis, economic feasibility, and greenhouse gas mitigation of the 50 MWp SPPP is presented. The energy yields, performance ratio (PR), capacity utilization factor (CUF), and losses are assessed based on the IEC 61724 standards for two consecutive years (2018–2019 and 2019–2020). The performance results obtained are compared with the PVsyst simulation results. The PR, CUF, and energy yields are estimated as 0.779, 0.24, and 107,326.4 MWh in 2018–2019 and 0.691, 0.22, and 96,707.336 MWh in the year 2019–2020, respectively. The PVsyst simulator evaluates the PR, CUF, and energy yields as 0.80, 0.24, and 106,022 MWh, respectively. Further, the effect of power curtailment policies on solar PV projects is also discussed and the effect of curtailment policy on the economy of the solar power park in terms of payback period and emissions are analysed. The performance of the SPPP is also compared with those of other PV plants installed all over the world. • Design and performance analysis of a Solar PV park by using PVsyst simulator • Techno-economic analysis of a solar PV park based on the measured data • Renewable energy curtailment • Effect of renewable energy curtailment on economy and emission • Power purchase agreements and its importance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study demonstrates that the effectiveness and safety of off-label use of flow diverters are comparable to on-label uses. • The use of the PED in posterior circulation has a statistically lower complete occlusion rate compared to its use in anterior circulation. • There was no statistical difference observed in subgroup analyses concerning off-label Pipeline usage between the anterior cerebral artery(ACA) and middle cerebral artery(MCA). • There was no statistically significant difference found between anterior and posterior circulations in terms of ischemic complications. The off-label utilization of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) is a common practice in numerous medical centers globally. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the overall outcomes of this off-label usage of PEDs. PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Scopus were searched up to February 2023 using the Nested Knowledge platform to identify studies assessing the off-label use of PEDs. Any use of PED outside of the FDA-approved indication granted in 2018 is considered off-label use. Overall angiographic occlusion rates, ischemic and hemorrhagic complications, mortality, retreatment rates, and favorable clinic outcomes were included. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the overall outcome rates of anterior cerebral artery(ACA) vs. middle cerebral artery(MCA) and anterior vs posterior circulation subgroups. We included 26 studies involving a total of 1,408 patients. The overall rate of complete occlusion was 80.3 % (95 % CI= 76.0–84.1). Subgroup analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the rate of complete occlusion between anterior circulation (78.9 %) and posterior circulation (69.2 %) (p value=0.02). The rate of good clinical outcomes was 92.8 % (95 % CI= 88.8–95.4). The mortality rate was 1.4 % (95 % CI= 0.5–2.7). The overall rate of ischemic complications was 9.5 % (95 % CI= 7.7–11.6), with a comparable difference between anterior circulation (7.7 %) and posterior circulation (12.8 %) (p value=0.07). There was no statistically significant difference in MCA vs ACA subgroups in all parameters. Off-label use of PEDs can be a safe and effective treatment option for intracranial aneurysms. However, there is a need for more prospective, high-quality, non-industry-funded registry studies and randomized trials to test the efficacy and safety of off-label usage of PEDs and to expand its indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• PbS dendrites were used in solar steam generation for the first time. • PbS dendrites/graphene-based evaporator shows excellent light absorption and photothermal conversion. • The branches of pine tree-like PbS prevent the close contact of PbS dendrites. • Large continuous pores form as water transport channels after stacking PbS dendrites. • The evaporator shows a high evaporation rate that remains stable after five cycles. : Solar steam generation is a low-cost and facile process to generate clean water. Novel solar absorbers with broad solar light absorption and excellent photothermal conversion rates should be developed to achieve higher evaporation performance. : The PbS dendrites (PCA) were synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process using surfactant and ionic liquid. The PCA and PbS-graphene composites (PCA-G) were loaded on filter paper to prepare the solar evaporators. The surface compositions, morphology, and optical properties of PCA and PCA-G nanomaterials were studied. The effects of loaded PbS amounts and graphene on the photothermal conversion, surface hydrophilicity, water penetration, and solar steam generation of the PCA/F and PCA-G/F films were investigated. The stability, reusability, salt-antifouling, and desalination performance of the PCA-G/F films were evaluated. The PbS dendrites were applied to solar steam generation for the first time. Incorporating PbS dendrites and graphene on the filter paper enhances light absorption and photothermal conversion. Besides, introducing PbS with dendritic (pine tree-like) structures prevents the close contact of PbS dendrites after stacking, facilitating the formation of hydrophilic interconnected porous structures as water-transporting channels. The evaporation rates of water and salt water were effectively improved. Furthermore, the water evaporation rates remained stable after five cycles. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential heating and cooling (H/C) accounts for ∼7 % of India's electricity consumption. A warming climate will increase residential cooling requirements while heating needs will decrease — an alarming consequence for India, which has predominantly cooling requirements. Thus, to reduce the Indian building sector's energy and carbon footprint, it is essential to assess the impact of climate change on future H/C needs and develop energy-efficiency solutions. This research evaluated the effect of climate change on the H/C energy needs of an archetypical residential room in India by conducting energy simulations for current and future climates. We developed future weather files for eight major Indian cities, covering all climate zones of the country, using predictions from multiple general circulation climate models under two different representative concentration pathways (RCPs): RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. We also developed a novel approach to quantify the H/C load components (walls, windows, infiltration, etc.) for identifying building elements to target for improving energy efficiency. The ensemble median of climate model projections showed that the room's cooling energy demand would increase by 20–179 % by the 2090s compared to the 1990s, depending on the room's orientation, city, and emission scenario. Walls and windows account for over 63 % of the current and future cooling needs and should be the prime targets for energy-efficiency measures. In contrast to rising cooling needs, the room's heating energy demand will decrease by 34–100 % by the 2090s. External walls contribute to over 67 % of the heating needs; thus, insulating them could effectively reduce the heating demand. [Display omitted] • Developed novel method to quantify residential heating and cooling load components. • Climate change will increase temperatures and humidity in Indian cities. • Cooling needs increase (6–235 %) while heating needs reduce (15–100 %) by the 2090s. • Walls and windows contribute more than 60 % to current and future cooling loads. • Walls contribute more than 67 % to current and future heating loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Creatininium cyanoacetate single crystals were synthesized. • Detailed FT-IR and FT-Raman spectral analysis were performed. • Topological analysis were performed using Multiwfn. • Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out. • Z-scan was carried out to identify NLO activity. A novel creatininium cyanoacetate (CCA) single crystal is synthesized by the slow evaporation technique and characterized by various experimental techniques such as FT-IR, FT-Raman and UV–visible spectral methods. Similar techniques are also investigated by the computational methods using Gaussian 09 software. The structural parameters, natural bond orbital (NBO), frontier molecular orbital (FMO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and nonlinear optical (NLO) investigations are performed utilizing the DFT method with B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set. The polarizable continuum model (PCM) has been used to identify the effect of various solvents (DMSO, ethanol, methanol, water) on the energy gap, excitation and NLO properties of CCA molecule. Fukui analysis is performed to identify the sites prone to nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks. Different topological methods including electron localization function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), independent gradient model (IGM) and interaction region indicator (IRI) has been performed to quantify the noncovalent interaction and to analyse the weak interaction region. The UV–visible analysis indicates that the CCA crystal was optically transparent and has lower cut-off wavelength. The hole-electron analysis is performed to identify the characteristics of six excitations. The third-order NLO activity of the CCA compound is performed using the Z-scan technique and is compared with some related NLO materials. The substantial NLO response suggests that the CCA molecule can be significant for its utilization in advanced NLO applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic disorders including diabetes are associated with immune cell dysfunction. However, the effect of normal glucose metabolism or impairment thereof on immune cell gene expression is not well known. Hence, in this cross-sectional pilot study, we sought to determine the differences in gene expression in the peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) of normal glucose tolerant (NGT) and prediabetic (PD) Asian Indian men, at fasting and in response to 75 g oral glucose load. Illumina HT12 bead chip-based microarray was performed on PBMCs at fasting and 2-h post load conditions for NGT (N = 6) and PD (N = 9) subjects. Following normalization and due quality control of the raw data, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under different conditions within and across the two groups were identified using GeneSpring GX V12.0 software. Paired and unpaired Student's t-tests were applied along with fold change cut-offs for appropriate comparisons. Validation of the microarray data was carried out through real-time qPCR analysis. Significantly regulated biological pathways were analyzed by employing DEGs and DAVID resource. Deconvolution of the DEGs between NGT and PD subjects at fasting was performed using CIBERSORT and genes involved in regulatory T-cell (Treg) function were further analyzed for biological significance. Glucose load specifically altered the expression of 112 genes in NGT and 356 genes in PD subjects. Biological significance analysis revealed transient up-regulation of innate and adaptive immune response related genes following oral glucose load in NGT individuals, which was not observed in PD subjects. Instead, in the PD group, glucose load led to an increase in the expression of pro-atherogenic and anti-angiogenic genes. Comparison of gene expression at fasting state in PD versus NGT revealed 21,707 differentially expressed genes. Biological significance analysis of the immune function related genes between these two groups (at fasting) revealed higher gene expression of members of the TLR signaling, MHC class II molecules, and T-cell receptor, chemotaxis and adhesion pathways in PD subjects. Expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and TNFα was higher and that of type-1 interferons and TGF-β was lower at fasting state in PD subjects compared to NGT. Additionally, expression of multiple proteasome subunits and protein arginine methyl transferase genes (PRMTs) were higher and that of Treg specific genes was significantly distinct at fasting in PD subjects compared to NGT. Prediabetes uncovers constitutive TLR activation, enhanced IFN-γ signaling, and Treg dysfunction at fasting along with altered gene expression response to oral glucose load. • Oral glucose load enhanced innate immunity gene expression in normal glucose tolerant (NGT) Asian Indian men. • Oral glucose load in prediabetic subjects (PD) led to increased pro-atherogenic gene expression. • PD subjects exhibited heavy perturbation in gene expression at fasting state compared to NGT subjects. • PD subjects exhibited enhanced TLR , IFNG , PRMT1 , PRMT2 , PRMT5 and PRMT6 , and decreased IFNA and TGFB gene expression. • Treg specific gene expression was altered in PD compared to NGT subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]