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This investigation explores the augmentation in thermal characteristics of the hybrid nanoliquid, which has pretty imperative uses in the industries like coolant of various electrical devices, and heat exchangers, etc. keeping in view these important applications, the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic flow of partially ionized hybrid nanofluids over a stretching sheet has been considered in this investigation. Two different liquids namely water and kerosene oil is used as base liquids in which the nanoparticles of silver and graphene oxide are mixed to form a hybrid nanofluids. Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux model is used in the flow model. An appropriate set of variables is exploited to convert the modeled equations into dimension-free form. The present problem is simulated with the help of homotopic analysis technique. The outcomes of this analysis show that the rising values of Hall current and ion-slip number are enhanced the primary velocities of the kerosene oil-based and water-based hybrid nanofluids, while the greater Hartmann number has declined the primary and secondary velocities of the hybrid nanofluids. On the other hand, the larger values of Hall current and stretching parameter of the sheet have increased the primary and secondary velocities of the hybrid nanofluids, while the opposite impacts are found for increasing ion-slip number and Hartmann number. The temperature profiles of the hybrid nanofluids are weakened for thermal relaxation time parameter, while increased for higher thermal Biot number. It is found that the water-based hybrid nanofluid is greatly influenced by the embedded parameters as compared to the kerosene oil-based hybrid nanofluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Brewster angles and phase shift of both left right circular polarization beams of the probe field is controlled and modified in this manuscript. Subluminal and superluminal propagation of light having group indices of ± 200 has been reported. The group velocities of left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) beam varies to ± 1. 5 × 1 0 6 m/s while, delay times varies to ± 5 ns. The peak values of Brewster angles of LCP and RCP beams are calculated 0.786 radian. The maximum value phase shift of LCP and RCP is reported to 31.45 radian at length L = 5 λ. Strong oscillation in Brewster angles and phase variations of LCP and RCP beams are investigated with azimuthal quantum number of control field and increasing length of position coordinates. The modified results of this manuscript are useful for interferometry and lasers technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of heat and mass distribution within triangular cavities has received substantial attention in engineering research. In this study, heat and mass transfer involving Casson fluid in a closed, partially heated, porous triangular chamber has been extensively analyzed. A heated triangular impediment has been placed inside the cavity to assist us in comprehending the circumstances. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a non-dimensional form by employing appropriate similarity variables. The well-known finite element method (FEM) has been used to solve these equations and investigating the effects of various physical parameters on the flow patterns, concentration isotherms, and local Nusselt numbers, including the partial heating length, buoyancy-driven force, Casson fluid characteristics, Soret and Dufour effects, Lewis number, Rayleigh number, heat generation/absorption, and porous medium features. It has been observed that the dispersion and movement of materials inside a fluid can be indirectly impacted by changes in the Casson parameter. The length of the heated wall significantly affects how evenly the temperature is supplied. When the wall length is shorter, the temperature drops noticeably and intensely. Although the Dufour parameter is small, the thermal diffusion effect is not as significant as mass diffusion. As the Soret parameter is increased, an inverse relationship to the Dufour effect is noticed. Convective heat transfer gradually prevails in the flow as the Darcy number rises, indicating increased permeability compared to other characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of natural convection due to various positions of bottom heated fin is performed in a square cavity that is filled by water-based Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) via finite element method (FEM). Three vertical parallel fins and one top horizontal fin is also placed inside the cavity. The upper surface of the cavity is adiabatic, however the rest of three parts of the square cavity are cold. Convection is driven through lower horizontal and vertically central heated fins. For convection, horizontal and middle vertical fins are heated with uniform temperature T h and remaining vertical parallel fins are fixed as cold (T c). Mathematical structure is constructed in the form of system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) with constraint at the surface. Expressions of nanofluid relations are incorporated into the model. Effective thermal conductivity model includes the radius of nanoparticle and fluid molecules at nanoscale. Dimensionless form of PDEs are tackled through Galerkin technique-based Finite Element Method. Results are obtained for temperature profile and stream function that includes emerging parameters such as: Rayleigh number (Ra), nanoparticle fraction (ϕ), position of heated horizontal fin, variation in length forbottom heated fin (H T), Hartmann number (Ha) and effect of middle vertical fin (adiabatic, cold, hot). The analysis describes the significant effect of heat transfer in the presence of nanoparticle, heated length of bottom fin. Heat transfer rate increases by enlarging the heated length of the lower horizontal fin, and decreases by improving the value of Ra and solid volume fraction of nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of present article is the thorough study of heat transfer of nanofluid over a shrinking surface in the presence of thermal radiation. Flow is generated by two-dimensional boundary layer theory. The effects of thermal radiation are seen in energy equation. By using similarity variables, governing nonlinear partial differential equations for momentum and energy are then transformed into dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equation along with the convective boundary condition on temperature profile. Emerging parameters are obtained after using the transformations which are later computed analytically to obtain the dual nature exact solution. The dual nature solution is obtained due to shrinking surface that also provide the effect on temperature profile. Results are observed for velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number and streamlines. The graphical explanation of these solutions is analyzed through the variations of viscosity ratio, mass suction, porous medium and shrinking surface. The suction/injection parameter revels that shrinking parameter gives two solutions in the form of upper and lower branch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of this study is that the physical properties no longer to be consider as a constant, therefore dynamics of the mechanism of temperature dependent fluid properties and species concentration variation on the magnetized flow of a micropolar fluid in a rotating frame is studied in this article. The flow is considered between two porous plates with slip boundary conditions on the lower plate. The cross-diffusion theory on the thermal and solutal transportation investigation is presented by the help of non-uniflorm source / sink and nonlinear chemical reaction. The equations of motion and energy are reduced into the set of couple nonlinear ordinary differential equations by the usage of appropriative transformation. These couple nonlinear equations are tackled numerically with the utilization of BVP4C function on MATLAB. The graphical and numerical outcomes are obtained with physical discussion for various parameter. The study concludes that as the material parameter approaches to zero, the flow of micropolar fluids approaches to the Newtonian fluids. It is worth mentioning that the variable viscosity reduces the fluid velocity near the lower plate due to domination of viscous forces, while fluid temperature shows rising trend by the improvement of variable thermal conductivity because of the more heat production. Further, it is noticed that the Soret and Dufour impacts precludes the solutal deposition and coolant the bounding at surface, as a result fluid temperature and concentration enhances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]