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We explore the relationship between strategic orientations (market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation), organizational ambidexterity, and sustained competitive advantage under the mediation of Industry 4.0 readiness. Based on data from a sample of 144 SMEs belonging to different economic sectors, we employed partial least squares–structural equation modeling to test our hypotheses. Empirical research suggests that market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation have a favorable relationship with Industry 4.0 readiness and sustainable competitive advantage. Moreover, our findings reveal that entrepreneurial orientation has a greater effect on SCA than market orientation in emerging markets. Furthermore, Industry 4.0 readiness acts as a full intermediary between strategic orientations and sustainable competitive advantage. This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring the relationship between strategic orientation and sustainable competitive advantage through Industry 4.0 as the mediator. SMEs' managers can use these findings to rethink their technology adoption strategies and exploitative and explorative approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing the offshore outsourcing decision of manufacturing firms from emerging countries to developing countries like Bangladesh. The theoretical framework is developed with three categories of factors namely reduce operating cost, improve company focus, and access to world class capability. The data collected through a survey questionnaires from a total of 227 Taiwanese (131) and Korean manufacturing firms (96) operating in Bangladesh. The main tools used are factor analysis, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. The findings reveal that some factors like capital investment, fixed cost, entering new (third) markets, and access to local capabilities, invention and innovation influence Taiwanese and Korean low and mid-tech manufacturing firm’s outsourcing decision to low labor cost country like Bangladesh with preferential access to the developed country markets for manufacturing goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]